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Jingdong book

英语词根与单词的说文解字(修订版)

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英语词根与单词的说文解字(修订版)

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《英语词根与单词的说文解字》(修订版)》初版于1984年,由福建教育出版社出版,与《英语词缀与英语派生词》为姊妹篇,后者已于2002年由我社再版。
Content Description

《英语词根与单词的说文解字》(修订版)》分三大部分,在介绍基本的词根理论的基础上,对常用的英语词根及其衍生词进行了讲解,并配以例句,每部分后还设计了练习。与初版相比,再版在以下两个方面有所提高和突破:一、在词根理论方面加强了科学性与系统性,增强了学术含量;二、在词根的选择和介绍、例句的内容以及练习的设计等方面更加注重其适用性和实用性。该书系国内少有的集理论性和实用性为一体的词根专著,适合高级程度的读者从事英语词汇学习与研究使用。
Catalogue

第一部分 英语词根的基本知识
第二部分 英语词根与同根词的说文解字
第三部分 常见的英语词根简介
附录一 本书第二部分的练习答案
附录二 本书第三部分的练习答案
索引
主要参考书目
Book Abstract

八、义:词根的含义与派生词的词义
词根均有语义价值。粘附词根虽然在形体上不能独立,却可以用独立的对等词来表示其含义。
在派生词中,词根的含义起决定性的作用,而词缀含义则起辅助性的作用。派生词的词义包容了词根与词缀等所有词素的全部语义信息。
从理论上说,只要综合了词根与词缀的全部含义,就可以分析出派生词的基本含义。但是,实际上许多派生词的词义并不简单地等于词根与词缀含义之和,需要我们沿着词义产生与发展的路线,另作一番推究与理解。掌握了这种词义分析的本领,就可以对派生词进行解形释义,在英语中大搞“说文解字”。这才是学习词根的主要目的。
这一章要将词根学习引入一个新的境界:在分析派生词词形的基础探求派生词的词义。
中国历史上有一本很有名的字书叫《说文解字》,作者东汉人许慎在书中利用偏旁归纳同部字,并通过分析字形来探求字义。比如“天”字,许慎分析说:“至高无上从一大”,就是说,“天”字可以分析成“一”和“大”,其意思是“第一大”即“至高无上”。这种“以形求义”的方法大大有助于记忆字形和理解字义。
本书试图把以形求义的方法运用于英语派生词的学习。前面已经学过如何分析派生词词形,现在要解决的问题是:如何通过词形分析探求出派生词的词义。这就涉及到词根的语义问题以及词根语义与派生词词义之间的关系问题。 ’
先讨论词根的语义问题。第三章说过,英语中自由词根多来自本族语的基本单词,粘附词根多来自古典语的基本单词的词干部分。由于基本单词反映的是全民族共同活动的基本概念与情境,所以词根的语义也带上了基本单词固有的特点:常用性、稳定性、单一性和能产性。例如:自由词根work(工作)、man(人),粘附词根act(做)、anthrop(人),它们的基本语义都是常用、稳定、单一的,它们都能产生数以百计的同根派生词。这是词根语义最基本的特征。
由于词根语义所反映的是基本概念与情境,所以在不同民族的语言中大都可以找到对等的语言单位来互相替代或互为表达。而且,在大多数情况下,还可以找到对等词。
……
Introduction

本书旨在普及英语词根知识,为广大英语学习者指出一条攻克英语词汇难关的捷径。提供一把打开英语词汇宝库的金钥匙。
本书初版于1984年。20多年来,一直得到英语学习者的欢迎与学术界的好评。问世不久,即被专家誉为该领域“国内首次问世”的专著.获得全国优秀教育图书奖与福建省优秀社会科学成果奖。时至2002年.香港中文大学的“两文三语教育网上支援计划”还将其誉为“国内出版的关于英语教育的难得的一本好书”,并作为向台、港、澳学生重点推荐的16本好书之一。获得赞誉的同时,作者也收到各方面的批评意见与建议。正是专家与读者的鼓励与希望,促进了作者对本书的修订再版工作。
此次再版,主要在以下三个方面作了修订:
一、在词根理论方面,加强了科学性与系统性,提高了学术含量。在第一部分中。从词根的定义引出“词素构词理论”,并在这新的理论框架中讨论词根的来源、词根的形体与含义、词根与词缀的关系,同时反思英语的构词法;接着又从形、音、义、性四个方面,全方位地讨论了词根与派生词的关系:最后还较为详细地讨论了几个带有特殊性的问题,推进了理论研究的深度。
二、在常用词根的普及方面做了更为细致的工作,使之更加适合读者的需要。首先,在选介100个词根时,突出“孳生能力”这一首要标准.将初版中入选的词根更换了约五分之一。新人选的主要是孳生能力更强、但形态变化较为复杂的词根;其次,在介绍同族派生词时,强调了“初次派生词”的地位,尽量多选介从词根直接生成的原生派生词;最后。在例句的内容更新、练习的规范化设计方面,也下了更多的功夫,使之更好地为主题服务。
三、在词根资料的收集与整理方面,更加注意科学性与实用性。本书初版的第三部分收集并整理了300个较为常用的词根,其中含有部分术语词根。在介绍同根派生词时,初版均未提供词义,当时的意图是让读者自行查寻,加深理解。实践证明,这样处理客观效果并不理想。此次再版,不再限于300个词根的数目,删去专业性太强的术语词根(拟用专书介绍此类词根),选介的常用派生词则一一做了词形分析并提供了相关的词义。作者相信,通过修订,这部分资料能发挥更大的效用。
在专业图书的出版与发行都不十分景气的情况下,本书的修订再版计划得以实现,得力于外语界同仁的热忱关心与大力支持。其中.北京航空航天大学外语系汤德馨教授的热心推荐,外语教学与研究出版社祝文杰老师的专业策划,尤其使作者深为感动。在此,作者对他们表示深深的谢意。
最后,希望专家与读者继续对本书提出批评指正.
作者
2006年夏日

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