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Jingdong book

曼德拉的传奇人生：从囚徒到总统

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Jingdong book

曼德拉的传奇人生：从囚徒到总统

Name: 曼德拉的传奇人生：从囚徒到总统
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3107002101
Price: 27.26 USD
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《曼德拉的传奇人生：从囚徒到总统》从曼德拉的童年开始，记录了他从酋长继承者，到青年领袖，直到入狱27年，并且在出狱后成为首位南非总统的传奇人生。带领读者去认识去喜欢去尊敬一位全世界人都爱戴的自由战士。向读者传达曼德拉的精神之光。
《曼德拉的传奇人生：从囚徒到总统》用客观真实的角度出发，向读者全方位展示一位世界精神领袖的人生。以曼德拉的精神之光，自由之梦来引导读者发现人生的真谛，对自由对平等有更深刻的了解和认知。

Content Description

纳尔逊·曼德拉1918年7月18日生于南非特兰凯斯。先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大学律师资格。曾任南非大青年联盟全国书记、主席。于1994年至1999年任南非总统，是南非首位黑人总统，被尊称为南非国父。《曼德拉的传奇人生：从囚徒到总统》从曼德拉的童年开始，记录了他从酋长继承者，到青年领袖，直到入狱27年，并且在出狱后成为首位南非总统的传奇人生。带领读者去认识去喜欢去尊敬一位全世界人都爱戴的自由战士。向读者传达曼德拉的精神之光。

Author Description

李睿，记者、作家。曾赴非洲进行过长期的调查走访和生活。从曼德拉的出生地，到囚禁地，他真切的感受这个伟人的一生。用记者独有的真实笔锋记录下他的所见所感。

Catalogue

第一章少年初成长
1.异样的童年
2.不安分的学生
3.故事的熏陶

第二章开启人生新征途
1.曼德拉的成人礼
2.遇到人生楷模
3.法律界的后起之秀

第三章大都市寻梦
1.黄金帝国下的丑陋
2.人生目标与婚姻

第四章新的人生挑战
1.掌控主动权
2.与当局针锋相对
3.“蔑视运动”
4.狠辣的暴力机关
5.新的律师生涯

第五章献身自由之路
1.政府的倒行逆施
2.最黑暗的斗争时光
3.破碎的家庭
4.新的爱情降临

第六章自由艰难行
1.发展地下斗争
2.寻求志同道合的战友
3.监狱里的生活

第七章炼狱中的英雄本色
1.最危险的敌人
2.最荒凉的孤岛
3.关不住的斗争

第八章风云激荡的南非
1.步履维艰
2.南非的动荡

第九章独立的丑剧
1.最后一块遮羞布
2.温妮的别样人生
3.南非的新局势

第十章自由之路无坦途
1.南非的内外交困
2.英雄的重生
3.权力面前的谨慎
4.功成身退
附录：曼德拉生平

Book Abstract

一代伟人的诞生
每当看到“非洲”这个字眼，人们的脑海中便会浮现出贫穷、饥饿、落后等画面。事实上，这并不代表它的全貌。
青山环绕的一片狭长谷底中有一个黑人的村子，叫库努村。这个村子只有几百人，住在用泥和茅草建造的小房子里。这些房子的造型远远看上去像倒置的燕子窝，出口是一扇矮矮的门。
这个村子的前面有一条河流缓缓流过，它就是著名的姆巴谢河。
这个小村子继承了非洲大部分部落的特点——原始、安静。
由于世界局势的影响，非洲的原始社会结构被打破。行走在村子里，不时能够看到赤足的男孩在玩耍；能够看到穿着西化的衣服、信奉基督教的人穿过。当时的非洲受白人殖民的统治，土地全部归白人政府所有，除了很少几个规模庞大的部落外，非洲人没有土地，每年只能以缴纳地租的方式租种殖民政府的土地。
当地人以玉米、高粱和豆角作为主要食物，一些富有的人能够偶尔“加餐”，吃一些咖啡和糖，但对于库努村的大部分人来说，这种“加餐”属于奢侈行为，根本消费不起。
一年中的大部分时间，库努村都看不到男人，这是因为男人需要外出谋生，去遥远的农场或者矿山干活。这些男人一年大约回来两次，主要是耕地，而播种和收割是属于女人的事情。
贫穷的生活使非洲的土著居民失去了受教育的权利，除了部落酋长的家人之外，绝大部分是文盲。
就是在这样一个原始、落后的地方，出现了一个日后为很多人耳熟能详的名字——曼德拉。
1918年，世界上发生了三件大事：
1.第一次世界大战结束；
2.南非暴发了严重流感，数百万人在流感中死亡；
3.黑皮肤的曼德拉出生。
1918年7月18日，曼德拉出生了。尽管整个欧洲都在庆祝第一次世界大战结束，尽管南非暴发流感导致人心惶惶，但库努村这个与世隔绝的地方却非常安静，只是偶尔传来几声婴儿的啼哭声。
曼德拉出生的家庭属于非洲部落中的高贵家族——泰姆布家族，他的父亲叫格达拉·亨利·曼德拉，是泰姆布家族的酋长，曾经在第一次世界大战中加入南非军队与德国人作战。作为酋长，亨利·曼德拉还是当地行政委员会的成员之一。这个委员会比较特殊，在当时种族歧视严重的情况下，他作为黑人成为其中一员是非常不容易的。当时的委员会主要是由有色人种和白人共同组成的，主要职责是协助比勒陀利亚政府处理地方上的事务，如征收牲畜接种疫苗税和公共牧场税。
作为酋长，亨利·曼德拉有3个妻室，继承酋长位置的人通常来自大妻室，另外还有右妻室和左妻室，曼德拉是右妻室所生。他的母亲叫诺赛卡尼，是一个聪明、贤惠的女人。
非洲文化的显著特征就是家庭结构庞大，姑、叔、姨、舅的子女都被视为兄弟姐妹，没有亲疏远近之分，曼德拉的大家族也不例外。在曼德拉的记忆中，库努村的生活虽然很清贫，但充满乐趣。作为酋长的家人，他们和库努村其他人一样，吃的一切都是自己生产的。女人们负责种植和收割玉米，收割之后，年纪稍大的孩子们负责用石头将米粒碾碎。一部分做面包，剩下来的晾干后存起来，作为储粮。家族中还饲养很多牛和羊，能够以牛奶和羊奶充饥。
生长在这种环境中，曼德拉从家族中学到了属于他们种族的文化和传统，了解了包括民族语言、习俗、友谊和做人等观念或“乌本图”（在非洲社会里指交情或伙伴之间的感情）。
小时候的曼德拉非常调皮，亨利·曼德拉给他取名为“豪利沙沙”，译成中文就是“调皮”“捣蛋”的意思。他所在的部落名字叫“马迪巴”，译成中文就是“和事佬”，后来这成了人们对曼德拉的尊称或爱称。
物质的贫乏在小时候的曼德拉看来并不重要，能够参与各种游戏就足够开心——追求快乐是孩子们的天性。
作为男孩子，曼德拉和他的伙伴们自创了很多游戏，游戏的规则
也是他们自己制定的，尽管每一次都玩得灰头土脸，但并不介意。
部族之间的斗争
在库努村这个部落内部也发生过流血冲突。部族与部落之间发生的唯一对抗发生在科萨人与少数姆凡古人之间。在1820年到1840年期间，祖鲁人的部落逐渐强大，他们开始发动战争，用武力征服和统所有部落，导致了很多流血冲突。
其他部落为了免于流血，纷纷迁移。姆凡古人就是在这样的背景下，为了躲避祖鲁部落而逃到东开普来的。
姆凡古人来到新的环境，既没有自己的土地，语言也不通，甚至与当地人无法正常沟通，只能以从事一些当地人不愿意做的工作而生存。他们在白人的农场里或者商店里工作，这让当地的科萨人瞧不起他们。
然而，姆凡古人更接近现代工业文明，而且由于他们与欧洲人打交道，因此比其他非洲部落接受了更多教育，也更现代化。在曼德拉儿时，姆凡古人已经在科萨族人的部落中站稳了脚跟，姆凡古人与科萨族人相互融合，尽管歧视现象依然存在。由于接受西方的教育，他们中很多人当上了牧师、警察、教师和翻译，甚至还有人当了当地官员。这些人也是最先信奉基督的非洲人，房子建得很科学，用科学方法种植庄稼，于是姆凡古人逐渐变得富裕了。
姆凡古人这个部族“后来居上”，让原先的科萨族人很不爽，矛盾逐渐尖锐，直至发生冲突。断断续续的冲突持续了很长一段时间，但规模都比较小。这种冲突主要是出于嫉妒心理，而非部落仇恨。很快，在姆凡古人与科萨人达成谅解之后，冲突逐渐消失。可惜的是，这种调解并没有终止少数姆凡古人与科萨人之间的冲突，后来南非的白人政府为了转移矛盾，挑起了两部族人之间的矛盾，最后导致了严重暴力冲突，发生大规模的械斗。这是后话了。
……

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