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Jingdong book

童心解码:0-3岁幼儿常见行为心理解读

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童心解码:0-3岁幼儿常见行为心理解读

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《童心解码:0-3岁幼儿常见行为的心理解读》:什么东西都往嘴里放,孩子探索世界的方式,不让干什么偏要干,必经的叛逆期,什么都是“我的”,开始有了自我意识,什么事都不敢尝试,自信心还需要培养,人越多越闹得凶,每个孩子都有表现欲,一定要自己动手,独立意识在发芽,无缘无故伸手打人,孩子用了错误的表达方式,什么东西都不让别的小朋友碰,孩子还没有体验到分享的乐趣。
孩子突然有了脾气,不让干什么偏要干,还会变得很“自私”,不懂得分享。你知道宝宝是怎么想的吗?《童心解码:0-3岁幼儿常见行为的心理解读》送给家长12把打开宝宝心理密码的“金钥匙。”
Content Description

《童心解码:0-3岁幼儿常见行为的心理解读》围绕孩子的自我意识、独立性、自信心、安全感、叛逆心、好奇心、玻击性、人际交往、依恋心、表现欲、耐心、情绪等12种心理状态,分析了0~3岁孩子常见的行为,从儿童心理发育的角度进行解读。帮助父母理解孩子,让孩子健康快乐地成长。
Catalogue

第1章 解密孩子成长过渡期的依恋行为
孩子的依恋感来自于强烈的安全需要,所以适度依恋是孩子发育正常的表现。不过,如果孩子对父母表现出过分的依恋,做家长的就需要寻找孩子这种过分依恋背后的心理诱因,从而采取措施使孩子摆脱过度依恋,这样,孩子随着年龄的增长,才有可能拥有必须的独立性,将来才能够走入社会。
1.宝贝为什么总吃手
2.一委屈就会抱着毛毛熊哭
3.不摸妈妈的手,就睡不着
4.生病以后变得特别黏人
5.一看不到妈妈,就大哭不停
第2章 对孩字自我意识的发展要关注
自我意识的核心是“我”,这个看来不成问题的“我”,对婴幼儿来说却是很成问题的。因为“我”这个概念不是与生俱来的,而是从无到有逐渐发展起来的。儿童心理专家研究表明,自我意识的认识过程是可以促进的,这在很大程度上取决于外界对婴幼儿的刺激和引导。
1.喜欢上了照镜子
2.什么都是“我的”
3.这是我妈妈,不是你妈妈
4.总把自己奶奶说成是“你奶奶”
第3章 孩子的独立性值得鼓励
独立性是孩子自我发展的一种内在动力,是孩子终身发展的重要素养。独立性强的幼儿,面对环境中出现的各种新事物、新关系、新变化时能保持稳定的情绪,而且能够表现出主动、积极的探索倾向,适应新环境并认识新事物。
1.总想挣脱爸爸妈妈的手自己走
2.自己动手,拒绝帮忙
3.总想自己拿勺子吃饭
第4章 自信心需要大人不断优化
自信心的发展是孩子自我意识不断成熟和发展的重要标志。自信心对于孩子心理健康和认识能力都具有十分重要的意义,它能促使孩子大胆探索,乐于与周围人交往,经常保持愉快的情绪等。
1.不敢与人交往
2.什么事都不敢尝试
3.孩子总爱说“我不会”
4.一见生人就小脸涨红,不敢说话
第5章 叛逆心理需要正确引导
孩子随着自我意识的发展,有了越来越强的主观能动性,对成人的指挥和安排往往表现出越来越大的选择性。很多父母抱怨孩子任性,不听话,特别是在疲倦、饥饿、紧张或不安时,更是会出现不服从、执拗等叛逆行为。
第6章 孩子的表现欲望值得呵护
第7章 好奇心是天生的且值得发扬的
第8章 巧妙阻止孩子的攻击性行为
第9章 要关注孩子的坏情绪
第10章 孩子没有耐心需要指导
第11章 安全感的培养很重要
第12章 让孩子懂得分享与交往的乐趣
Book Abstract

1.宝贝为什么总吃手
孩子总是吃手,最初的时候还看着好玩,可是后来就觉得有问题了——不够卫生,看着不雅,而且周围其他同龄孩子早就不啃自己的手了,只有我家的孩子这样,会不会是有什么问题呢?
有“过来人”告诉我:“看见孩子吃手就使劲打他们的手,看见一次打一次”;还有人说:“给孩子手上贴上胶布或者抹上辣椒水,这样孩子看见自己的手指和以前不一样,或者吃起来味道不好,就不会再吃了”……这些主意我感觉太“损”了点,再说也不科学,而且会不会对孩子的心理造成伤害呢?要知道这种伤害可是更为持久和巨大的呀!
宝贝表现
我家豆豆老是吃手,把手拿出来他就哭,我观察过,他一般是睡觉和没有东西吸引他的时候才吃手,如果拿其他东西逗他玩,他就会自己把手拿出来。
——豆豆妈
我家文宇都5岁多了,在幼儿园很喜欢吃手。有次我去幼儿园接他时,看见他在吃手,就问老师,老师说他很喜欢吃手,在家也会吃,但不经常吃,为此我还打过他。今年6月份就得过一次手足口病住院,现在的甲型流感那么厉害,真让人担心啊!好好说没用,打他过后又忘记,怎么办啊?
——文宇妈
孩子为什么这样
孩子吸食手指是有原因的,不同年龄段的孩子有不同的原因:
喂奶方式不当。孩子6个月前,如果母亲喂奶的方法不正确,或速度太快,未能满足孩子吸吮的欲望。孩子肚子虽然饱,但心理上还未满足,便会以吸吮手指来代替。
孩子感到寂寞。若照看孩子的人只顾自己忙着做事,忽略了孩子与外界交流的需要,孩子也会自然地玩弄自己的手指和吸吮手指来解闷。
内心焦虑。二三岁的孩子吸吮手指,一般是一种倒退的行为表现。当孩子焦虑和紧张时便会倒退回婴儿时期,用吸吮来满足口腔的欲望,以减少其内心的忧虑。原因在于:父母没有空余的时间陪伴他;害怕父母减少对他的爱;父母之间的感情出现不和谐的表现;父母对孩子的管教不一致;父母对纠正孩子吸吮手指过于紧张;孩子初入幼儿园、幼稚园不太适应等。
通过以上原因分析,不难看出,孩子吃手无论年龄大小,几乎都缘于内心的不满足或焦虑。如果孩子年龄较小,吃手这一行为可以缓解孩子的无聊,嘴也是孩子用来感知世界的重要器官,可是如果孩子已经超过了这样的成长阶段,那么吃手对于他们来说,就已经成为一种心理上的依恋,吃手这种行为是由他们内心的依赖心理造成的,如果不吃手,他们就会觉得无所适从。这样的行为如果保持的时间太长,会对孩子的身体发育以及心理发展都会造成不好的影响。所以针对这一行为,根据孩子年龄段的不同,家长也应当采取不同的方式加以应对和处理。
爸爸妈妈怎么办
孩子吃手的不良习惯需要改变,但家长不能过于急促,应该从根源以及细节上循循善诱,让孩子在无意识中摒弃坏习惯。具体有以下几点建议:
◎在保证卫生的情况下,允许1岁以内的孩子吃手
1岁以内是口腔发育和行为意识发展的重要期,孩子很多时候喜欢用嘴巴吮吸或咀嚼东西来认识这个世界,这时爸爸妈妈会发现孩子除了吃手,还喜欢啃咬其他东西,所以这个时候可以准许孩子吃手和其他东西,但要注意卫生。每天给孩子洗手,现在家庭条件好了,可以定期地用婴儿湿纸巾给孩子擦擦手,对孩子经常啃咬的玩具清洗和高温消毒。
◎不要太在意孩子吃手的行为,可以通过转移注意力让孩子放弃吃手
家长要注意摆正心态,别太在意孩子的行为,如果家长对孩子吃手的行为过于紧张,取笑,甚至打骂,会对孩子造成更大的心理伤害,引起孩子更强烈的吃手欲望。家长需要表现得不在意,且不动声色地进行引导,这才是最好的教育。比如当孩子刚要吃手时,你就把他的手从嘴里拿出来,给他一个有趣的玩具,占上他的双手,他就不会有机会吃手了。也可以给他讲故事,或读书,或者玩游戏,让他把小手背在身后,认真听,认真看,认真说,经常这样做,孩子的生活逐渐丰富起来,小手也忙乎起来,这样无论是从心理上,还是从生理上,都会逐渐摆脱吃手的习惯。
◎了解孩子的心理压力,帮助孩子减轻压力
如果孩子是因为有压力,因为焦虑的情绪而吃手,家长就要悄悄地关注孩子,引导孩子说出自己的心理压力。尤其是在一些特殊的关键期,比如入托前、入园前,或者父母吵架了、家庭出现变故了等的时候,都要注意呵护孩子,通过与孩子的交流来了解孩子的心理压力,尽可能多陪伴孩子,与他一起玩耍、游戏,降低他的焦虑情绪。
◎咨询医生,作必要的检查
现在有一些医学研究证明,孩子爱吃手有时缘自孩子身体内缺少某些微量元素,所以在无法找出孩子吃手的原因时,不妨去请教儿科大夫给予诊治。
孩子吃手是个不好的行为习惯,但大人不要着急或粗暴对待,而应洞察其心理因素,从“心”改变,这样,孩子的吃手习惯会逐渐改正的。
……

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