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文明之光(全彩印刷套装1-4册)入选2014中国好书/第六届中华优秀出版物获奖图书

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本系列荣获第六届中华优秀出版物奖图书奖!2014中国好书、文津图书奖得主,《数学之美》《浪潮之巅》作者吴军博士全新力作!万科王石作序推荐!创作历时四年,故事生动有料,人文主义视角回看世界通史,理性乐观派解构上下五千年文明发展。
Content Description

计算机科学家吴军博士暨创作《浪潮之巅》、《数学之美》之后,将视角拉回到人类文明史,以他独具的观点从对人类文明产生了重大影响却在过去被忽略的历史故事里,选择了有意思的几十个片段特写,有机地展现了一幅人类文明发展的画卷。《文明之光》系列创作历经整整四年。作者所选的创作素材来自于十几年来在世界各地的所见所闻,对其内容都有着深刻的体会和认识。吴军博士的《文明之光》系列,为读者全面了解人类文明史中那些绚烂多彩的璀璨文明,提供了一个崭新的视角。
Author Description

吴军,著名学者,投资人,人工智能、语音识别和互联网搜索专家。毕业于清华大学和美国约翰?霍普金斯大学,现任丰元资本创始合伙人、上海交通大学客座教授、约翰?霍普金斯大学工学院董事等职。
吴军博士曾作为资深研究员和副总裁分别任职于Google公司和腾讯公司。在Google公司,他和同事一同开创了搜索反作弊研究领域,成立了中、日、韩文产品部门。吴军博士设计了Google中、日、韩文搜索算法,领导了Google自然语言分析器、自动问答等研究型项目,并开发了大量的中、日、韩文产品。在腾讯公司,他负责了搜索、搜索广告和街景地图等项目。作为风险投资人,他成功地投资了数十家硅谷和中国的高科技企业。
吴军博士著有《数学之美》《浪潮之巅》《大学之路》《文明之光》《硅谷之谜》和《智能时代》等多部畅销图书,并多次获得包括文津奖、中国好书奖、中华优秀出版物在内的图书大奖。

Introduction

人总是要有些理想和信仰。
当人们问起我的理想时,我就给他们讲贝多芬晚年的一个故事。有一天,贝多芬的老朋友维格勒来看他,贝多芬回忆起他们年轻时的理想,那时他们一起读着席勒的《自由颂》,追求自由的理想。贝多芬说他要写一部交响曲,告诉全世界他那“人类团结成兄弟”的理想,在这样的背景下,他写出了不朽的《第九(合唱)交响曲》。一百多年后,法国著名作家罗曼·罗兰再次提到贝多芬和席勒那样的理想,他写下了《巨人三传》和《约翰·克利斯朵夫》。在后一本书中,罗曼·罗兰寄托了他希望德国和法国两个世仇民族能够团结成兄弟的理想。今天,罗曼·罗兰的这个理想已经实现了。我自己也一直有着贝多芬和罗曼·罗兰那样的信念,相信最终人类能够团结成兄弟。我相信,即使今天不完美,将来终究会变得美好,而实现这一切则是要依靠文明的力量。
我们每个人或多或少都会遇到一些不如意的事情,看到或者听到这样那样的丑恶现象。我们有时会抱怨社会,对未来产生怀疑。我们时常听到这样的抱怨:“都二十一世纪了……”,仿佛在今天的文明程度下,一切事情都必须是合情合理的。其实人类几千年的文明史和地球的历史相比,实在是太短暂了,大约相当于几分钟和一年的关系。虽然我们今天的社会比农业文明时期已经高度发达了,但与它所能达到的文明程度相比,还是非常初级的。因此,我遇到各种缺憾也就没有什么好抱怨的了,因为我们人类还“太年轻”了,人类已经走过的路,相比今后要走的漫漫长路,只能算是刚刚起步。
幸运的是,如果跳出一个个具体事件,站在历史的高度去看,我们会发现人类是向着美好的方向发展的。对于人类遇到的问题,最终我们发现答案比问题更多。
在历史上,人和人之间,民族和民族之间,以及人类和自然之间遇到过很多的矛盾和问题,人类甚至不知道解决这些矛盾和问题最好的方法是什么,因此,杀戮和战争成为了常态。人类学会尊重每一个人,学会通过协商解决问题,还只是近代的事情。在历史上,人类对强者的崇拜、对权力的兴趣比对文明的兴趣更大。翻开世界各国尤其是中国的历史教科书,基本上都是在讲述王侯将相攻城掠地的丰功伟业,帝国的扩展和兴衰,很少讲述世界各地区对文明的贡献。时过境迁,人们会发现,经过历史的涤荡,这些王侯将相其实剩不下什么影响,虽然他们的故事很好听,很好看。
为了说明这一点,我们不妨看看欧洲历史上的一段纠纷。法国的阿尔萨斯和洛林,是中国中学生所知道的为数不多的法国省份的名称,这一切要归功于初中语文课本入选的一篇短篇小说《最后一课》。学过这篇课文的中学生都知道,这个地方自古就属于法国,在普法战争中被德国人占领了,这篇很短的小说曾经激发了很多法国人的爱国热情。但是这个地区的归属问题在历史上并非那么简单,而围绕它的历史又会引出无数关于王侯将相的生动故事,包括路易十三的首相红衣主教黎塞留、路易十四、拿破仑三世、德国皇帝威廉一世、军事家毛奇、铁血首相俾斯麦等,它还涉及到欧洲三十年宗教战争、普法战争、第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战等诸多历史事件。但是,今天如果让法、德这两个国家的人谈谈这些历史,他们的兴趣都不大,远不如他们对当下欧债危机和各国就业情况的关注。这些地区虽然在过去的五百年里争来争去,可人们的生活基本上还是老样子,并没有因为归属法国,或者独立,或者属于德国而有什么改善。倒是在过去的五百年里,法国启蒙作家的著作、拿破仑和法学家们留下的《拿破仑法典》,以及德国工程师贡献的多项工业发明对当下世界的影响更大。真正影响到我们的是那些文明的成果,包括经济的、技术的和人文的,而这些文明的成就恰恰容易被历史所忽略。我们今天无法得知在美索不达米亚地区是谁发明了轮子,无从知晓是中国哪个地方的农民最早采用了垄耕种植法,可是,这两项发明对人类文明进步的贡献可能比从亚历山大到拿破仑那样的10个军事家更大。
那么为什么很多人还在对那些王侯将相的故事津津乐道呢?这本身就说明人类还很年轻,依然崇尚权力。但是另一方面,那些故事常常富有戏剧性,很好听,很好看。而如果讲述普通人的故事,讲述文明的发展就未必能如此吸引人了。因此,我从很久以前就萌生了一个想法,这些过去被忽略的、听起来可能枯燥的故事,是否也能讲得生动有趣呢?我不知道自己能否做到这一点,但是我希望挑战一下自己,尝试一番。
在为《文明之光》选择题材时,有关王侯将相的赫赫武功基本上没有选,虽然有时可能会提上一两句,因为我们是讲文明的故事,而不是讲战争史。对大家熟知的很多内容,比如关于古希腊的艺术、罗马的城市文明、中国的四大发明以及法国大革命等,我也没有选。这并不代表它们不重要,而是因为这方面的书籍已经很多了,各种观点相互争鸣已经足以为读者提供思考这些问题的全面视角了。
我选择题材的原则有这样几条。首先是挑选一些对人类文明产生了重大影响,却常常被忽略的人和事,这样算是对大家熟知的内容提供一些补充(比如中国的垄耕种植法)。第二,所选的题材必须是我所熟悉的,因此优先选择那些我见到过实物的题材(比如关于瓷器)和在我所去过的地方发生的事情(比如文艺复兴)。第三,也是非常重要的,就是这本书中的题材是我有深刻体会和认识的,因为写书最重要的目的是和读者交流,既然是交流,作者就必须有话可说,有感可发。我选择了人类文明史上的几十个片断来讲述我对文明的理解,虽然这些片断远不足以概括人类文明的进程,但是将它们有机地拼接起来,我认为是能够看到文明发展的脉络的。
这四册书创作的素材,很多来自于我十几年来在世界各地的所见所闻,并参考了我阅读的大量论文、书籍和收集的实物。当然,写文明故事本身回避不了历史,并且涉及到对历史事件的评述,在这方面我一般采用通行的看法。比如关于人类的起源,我选择了同源说(即现代人源于东非),虽然大部分印第安人不同意,中国的一些学者也不同意。对于宇宙的构成,我选择了标准模型(即按照目前的理解分到夸克为止,虽然一些辩证哲学家一定要说夸克也可分)。
有关经济学和金融领域的一些看法,我主要参考了斯坦福大学夏普教授和普林斯顿大学麦基尔教授在Google授课时阐述的观点。这些观点,很多是值得讨论和争鸣的,但是我并非写学术专著,未必一定要让读者接受其中的一种,我会尽可能采用最新、最流行的观点。如果读者不同意其中的一些观点,也没关系,因为透过这些具体的事例了解文明的重要性才是本书的目的。写书的目的是抛砖引玉,引起读者的思考,而不只是为了灌输内容。
为了方便大家阅读,共享我的见闻,我在书中加入了大量的图片,这些图片我尽可能地使用自己在世界各地拍摄的,以及我的两个女儿绘制的。对于我没有也暂时无法去拍摄的,我一律采用了维基媒体图片。
本书的内容基本上是按照时间顺序来组织的。第一册讲述从人类文明开始到近代大航海共八个专题;第二册讲述了从近代科学兴起到原子能的应用的另外八个专题;第三册介绍了直到?0世纪的音乐、艺术和一些科技进步,尤其重点介绍了以计算机为核心的信息革命,并且在最后引出我们当下必须关注的环境和发展问题;第四册介绍了影响近代文明发展的科技、艺术和政治领域的重要进步,并重点介绍了从1到N的发明创新过程。由于各章内容差异较大,可能不是所有的读者都对全部的内容感兴趣。好在每一章都是独立的,读者可以挑着读。为了方便读者选择,我对各章大致作了以下分类。
历史:第1、2、7、8、11、13、14、15、16、20、26章。
科技:第3、4、6、9、12—16、19、21—23、25、29和32章。
艺术:第1、2、6、7、17、18和31章。
政治:第5、10、11、15、16、20、24、27、28和30章。
在本书构思和创作的过程中,我就一些专题特地与不少专家作了交流和探讨,以保证书中内容的正确性。第四册涉及生物学领域的内容,我请了我的合伙人、生物学博士徐霄羽女士把关。另外,热心读者郝宇晓、左林和刘洋等朋友受邀参与审读第四册的部分章节,并提供了中肯的修订建议,在此感谢他们,也感谢文明之光读者微信群的朋友们长期给予我的热情鼓励与支持。在本书的写作和出版过程中,特别要感谢JUSTPUB的周筠女士、李琳骁先生和胡文佳女士,作为本书的主要编辑、排版校对和审阅者,他们花了大量的心血和时间修改完善这本书。万科企业股份有限公司董事会主席王石先生和著名物理学家张首晟教授在百忙中为本书写了序言(见本书第一册),在此向他们表示衷心的感谢。另外,我还要感谢人民邮电出版社信息技术分社的刘涛社长和俞彬副社长,感谢他们为本书出版所做的大量繁琐细致的工作。同时感谢为本书题写书名的著名书法家、瀚海置业的王汉光董事长,以及精心设计本书封面的陈航峰先生带领的设计团队。
最后,感谢张彦女士为本书做了最初的校对。人类文明还在不断地发展,人们的认识也在不断地提高,加上本人学识有限,书中不免有这样或那样的错误,还请读者指正,也请读者原谅。
吴军
2017年2月于硅谷

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欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折

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