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电影化叙事电影人必须了解的100个最有力的电影手法

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电影化叙事电影人必须了解的100个最有力的电影手法

Name: 电影化叙事 电影人必须了解的100个最有力的电影手法
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3108007631
Price: 45.10 USD
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100个最有效的电影叙事手段，让你理解并掌握电影语言。
语言是电影中最为人熟知、最明显的元素之一。但电影语言比单纯的语言更精妙复杂。这本优秀的电影专业书籍通过从《大都会》到《杀死比尔》的片例，阐述了编剧和导演大师如何不借助对白，而是通过有目的地运用灯光、剪辑、声音等电影化技巧，激发观众的情绪，从而推进情节、塑造人物，并使影片情节充满张力。通过本书，观众可以获得新的视角来欣赏影片，编剧和导演则既可以掌握现代电影制作的重要方法，又可掌握更好地发挥电影媒体戏剧潜力的创造性方法。
下面是你将从本书中学习到的内容：
17个电影语言的结构单元；
100个使场面富有层次的电影技巧实例；
100个电影技巧的解析；
如何把声音、画面、摄影机运动作为叙事手段加以利用；
如何在不用语言的情况下表现人物变化；
电影制作者如何使故事和电影技巧结合；
以上内容之外，还有通过画面抓取获得的插图以及100个电影史上经典场面的剧本摘录。

Author Description

詹尼弗·范茜秋（JennifervanSijll），毕业于美国南加州大学影视系，获电影艺术硕士学位。她在旧金山教授编剧课程，在加州大学伯克利继续教育学院教了六年周末强化剧作课程，并定期在洛杉矶和旧金山担任影视剧顾问。此外，詹尼弗还为黄金时段的电视节目写故事大纲，并为环球影业公司、独立制片人及付费电视承担剧本分析的工作。1994年，她获得潘纳维申新影人奖（PanavisionNewFilmmakerAward）；1995年，因丰硕的教学成果获得圣荷塞州立大学（SanJoseStateUniversity）吉利安荣誉教职（GillilandChair）。

王旭锋，毕业于北京电影学院，获电影学硕士，现为浙江传媒学院影视艺术学院影视制作系副主任，同时还是中国电影电视技术学会会员、中国电影录音师协会会员、中国高教影视教育委员会会员。

Book Abstract

电影化叙事
电影中传播思想的方式有许多种，对白只是其中之一。这本书中提供了100种非对白的技巧，是电影叙事的小百科全书。这本“小百科全书”中包含了一些电影史上令人难忘的片例。虽然受篇幅所限，只列举了100种技巧，但我希望这些片例具有足够的代表性，能够帮助编剧和导演更好地理解电影媒体（filmmedium）的叙事（storytelling）潜力。
电影化叙事：是什么？
对于电影史上的头二十年来说，电影化叙事是讲故事的唯一方法。由于同步的声音还没有发明，像《火车大劫案》（GreatTrainRobbery）、《大都会》（Metropolis）、《战舰波将金号》（TheBattleshipPotemkin）等影片只能用非对白的技巧来表现人物（character）和情节（plot）。在需要解说的时候，就用字幕卡（titlescard），但这是最后的选择，不得已而为之。
摄影机机位（cameraplacement）、布光（lighting）、构图（composition）、运动（motion）还有剪辑（editing）被作为主要的叙事手段。电影化的工具，如摄影机，不是仅仅记录场面（scene），更要推进情节和人物往前发展。没有对白可以使用。
1926年声音出现之后，对白和画外解说（voice-narration）很快就出现在电影里。这些从小说和戏剧里借用的手段是文学性的，漂浮于电影的最顶层。许多纯化论者对于声音的到来感到悲观，而另一些人则从中看到了声音的促进作用。不论哪种情况，电影编剧和导演都可选择叙事系统（storytellingsystem）。
文学叙事和电影化叙事
尽管使用了文学叙事（literarystorytelling）手段，电影的革新仍然在继续。像《公民凯恩》（CitizenKane）、《日落大道》（SunsetBoulevard）、《交叉火网》（Crossfire）、《精神病患者》（Psycho）、《钢琴课》（ThePiano）、《抚养亚利桑那》（RaisingArizona）之类的影片，成了电影革新的教科书。
尽管电影化的手段比较垂青于特定的类型片（genre），如动作片（action）、恐怖片（horror）、黑色电影（noir）、心理片（psychologicaldrama）、悬疑片（suspense），但即使是像伍迪·艾伦（WoodyAllen）这样文学性极强的导演，也常常会抓住机会在第二幕或曼哈顿的某个地方使用电影化手段。
很少有教科书涉及电影化剧本写作，这一点令人惊讶，因为大多数类型片是依靠电影化叙事手段来承载故事的。尽管电影化叙事可以是外露的，但大部分情况下并非如此。电影化叙事操纵我们的情绪，在不知不觉当中揭示人物和情节。这正是它能如此有效和动人的原因。想一想电影《外星人》（ET）的前十分钟，场面设计完全是电影化的，一句台词也没有，但是一个8岁大的孩子能够告诉你谁是坏蛋、为什么是坏蛋。由于电影化叙事通常作用于你的潜意识，所以很难捕捉、很少外露。但这并不会削减对电影编剧（screenwriter）和导演（director）熟练运用电影化手段的需求，反而强调了电影化手段的重要性。
电影化叙事是纪录性和戏剧化之间、发挥电影叙事手段的潜力或任其自然之间的区别。希望本书能为编剧和导演们拓展叙事连续体（storytellingcontinuum），帮助他们更充分地挖掘电影媒体的内在手段。
导言
电影化叙事：电影编剧
问题
剧本（script）是电影故事（cinematicstory）的蓝图—后者通过声音和画面来讲述。
对于一个优秀的剧本来说，有两方面的要求：一是要有个很好的故事；二是要电影化地（cinematically）加工这个故事。对于第一个方面，有很多优秀的专业书籍会告诉你该如何去做。这些书一般都涵盖了情节、结构（structure）和人物。这几个方面是任何故事片的基本点。实际上，大部分这类书籍都能够同样地适用于小说或戏剧，因而更准确地说是在戏剧层面上下工夫，而不是编剧。不管怎样，这些书满足了第一个需求—一个很重要的需求。第二个需求是电影化地加工故事。没有这一步，编剧可能有一个很好的故事，但能否成就一部优秀的电影，就很难说了。
电影与小说或短篇故事不一样。电影引入了编剧想要利用的技巧性元素。电影编剧在这方面的能力差异使其与别的编剧区别开来。很多电影编剧新手抛开了电影媒体的创新机会，消极地使用对白和解说。当电影编剧们放弃了电影化的技巧，就等于把他们电影中的很多东西丢在了马路边。一个成功的剧本应该成为电影的蓝图，要向读者传达他将在银幕上看到或听到的东西。
在电影早期，电影理论家诸如列夫·库里肖夫（LevKuleshov）、谢尔盖·爱森斯坦（SergeiEisenstein）、弗谢沃洛德·普多夫金等就已经开始研究这种新媒体的叙事潜力。他们认识到电影提供了两种其他媒体都不具备的东西：拍摄的画面和动作。实际上这给编剧带来了成千上万种新的可能。
剪辑演化出了交叉剪辑（crosscutting），从而发展出一系列常用的戏剧场面，包括追逐戏。摄影机可以到外面去。外景镜头（exteriorshot）和内景镜头（interiorshot）可以并置。世界各地的画面被带到观众面前，并以新鲜的视点如特写来呈现。每个光学镜头（lens）都可给画面形成具体的视觉品质，我们可以借此来强化故事。摄影机运动，在一系列手段如摇臂（crane，升降机，吊车）及后来的斯坦尼康（Steadicam）的协助下，带来了一个充满可能性的崭新天地。
对编剧来说这意味着什么？
普多夫金很早便认识到电影剧本作者（scenarist）的工作应该是写出充分利用电影这一媒体的故事。在1926年，他建议编剧要掌握电影各方面的技巧，如剪辑之类，以便写出更适合银幕的故事。
《电影化叙事》力图延续早期电影理论家在电影化叙事上的努力。本书中包括了100个电影工业界顶级编剧和导演所使用的非对白技巧。从《大都会》到《杀死比尔》（KillBill），本书通过超过500幅电影抓图和76个剧本摘录，阐述了如何利用电影媒体来优化故事。希望这些实例可以说明电影化写作能够给剧本带来的价值。
剧本摘录
本书中的剧本摘录是特为电影编剧而收。剧本摘录说明了编剧大师如何在不需要中断剧本阅读或向导演解释的情况下，把电影化叙事体现在他们的剧本中。基于这个原因，本书中包括了编剧和导演兼编剧所写的剧本。其中，编剧包括艾伦·鲍尔（AlanBall）、迈克尔·布莱克（MichaelBlake）以及罗伯特·汤（RobertTowne）等，导演兼编剧包括昆汀·塔伦蒂诺（QuentinTarantino）、简·坎皮恩（JaneCampion）和科恩兄弟（CoenBrothers）等。
愿电影编剧们能将电影化叙事运用得更加纯熟流畅。
……

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电影化叙事 电影人必须了解的100个最有力的电影手法

电影化叙事电影人必须了解的100个最有力的电影手法