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Jingdong book

给自闭症儿童父母的101个建议(万千心理)

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本书非常适合自闭症孩子的父母,对于帮助父母了解及帮助自闭症孩子有很大的作用。本套自闭症丛书系列还包括:《自闭症儿童社会规则训练》《如何与自闭症儿童做游戏》《自闭症儿童社交游戏训练》。

Content Description

作为自闭症孩子的父母,你想了解你的孩子吗?你想知道如何让孩子集中注意力吗?你想帮助他改变他的坏脾气、不合适的行为或交流障碍吗?本书能帮助你做到这些!

本书基于对自闭症孩子认知和感觉需要的理解,给父母提供了很多解决自闭症孩子问题的策略,能让父母识别症状的原因、控制不当行为并促进其改变。

自闭症虽然是我们不能改变的事实,但我们依然可以通过自己的努力,使这些孩子过上正常的生活,父母们,加油吧!


Comments

这本书给父母提供的101个建议看似非常简单,实则特别有效。它不仅对于自闭症领域有突出的贡献,对于自闭症儿童的父母来说也是一个福音。作为教育专业的教授,我非常荣幸地能将本书推荐给我的学生以及各位需要帮助的父母!

——Sonia Mastrangelo博士

加拿大安大略省湖首大学奥里利亚校区教育系



本书在Arnold Miller博士的理论基础上加入了很多实际且易于操作的策略,对于帮助父母了解及帮助自闭症孩子有很大的作用,而且本书并不是枯燥的专业知识,读起来生动有趣,非常适合父母们阅读!

——Gary B. Mesibov

美国北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校荣誉教授


Catalogue

·1· 向自闭症儿童普及米勒法

·2· 如何抓住并集中自闭症孩子的注意力,

发展其应对变化的能力

·3· 如何使沟通最大化——诱导沟通

·4· 如何扩大互动——利用混乱状态,引入新方法

·5· 如何减少自闭症儿童的焦虑因素

·6· 如何使孩子停止发脾气,恢复平静—发脾气利用法

·7· 如何培养友谊

·8· 如何增进家庭联系:你在家时可以做些什么

·9· 给家长的另外一些建议

·10· 结语


Book Abstract

如何抓住并集中自闭症孩子的注意力,发展其应对变化的能力

抓住注意力

你使用一切可能的线索才可能使重度自闭症的孩子将注意力转向你,尤其他表现出强烈的自闭症特征后更是如此。他可能会喜欢强烈或轻微的刺激。

如果他想要剧烈的身体碰触,那就满足他!

建议3a:以追逐打闹游戏开始,唤醒孩子的身体!

你必须让你的孩子达到一种清醒状态,并保持这种状态与你互动。孩子的清醒状态取决于他的需要和感官特点,可以先进行一些全身性的活动,使孩子愉悦并帮助他集中注意力。

追逐打闹游戏是最重要但最易被低估的唤醒孩子智力,帮助他建立、发展与家人和朋友的情感纽带的方法。玩耍的时候,孩子和家长间可以有直接、充分的身体接触,这样可以不断地创造机会,让孩子感受到你,感受到你的情感。当家长与孩子玩耍的时候,要始终保持一种快乐的、游戏的心态。

如果你不知道该怎样和孩子一起玩追逐打闹游戏,可以把孩子用布卷起来,让他从这边滚到另一边,在此过程里不断评论和叙述这一事实:“爸爸正在滚动埃文,哈哈。”你要尽量把他的膝盖抬起来,这样他可以把你推开,自己运动来感受大肌肉的力量。如果你的孩子还比较小,可以玩“飞机”的游戏,你平躺在地板上,让孩子站在你的腿上保持平衡,你用手抓住孩子的手,然后可以不断地抬起脚再落下,并发出声音,模仿飞机起飞和降落。

更小的孩子,你可以把他抛起再接住。大一点的孩子,你可以把他抛到柔软的地方,例如沙发,让他落在沙发上。或者你也可以让孩子在感统球或弹簧床上玩,抓好他的手,让他使劲跳或是你来摇动球。在孩子弹跳的同时,家长可以用有节奏的话加以描述:“向上,向上,娜塔莉,快向上!停下了,娜塔莉停下了!”

枕头大战非常好玩,但也可以试试摔跤;也可以家长当马,让孩子来骑马,让孩子在你的膝盖上跳跃来假装他正在骑一匹小马。如果你很外向,也很强壮,可以让孩子站在你的肩膀上,驮着他四处走动,但注意要始终抓住孩子的手,防止孩子滑下来;或用婴儿背带带他运动,这样可以保证孩子的安全。

如果你的孩子对于声音并不是特别敏感,可以使用回应式的感叹词。例如,当你们在玩骑马游戏时,可以使用“驾!吁!”之类的词来引导其反应。

你可以和本斯玩“本斯是球”的游戏:你们全都站立着,如果他妈妈说“我想要本斯”,你就将本斯推到妈妈的身边。当他到妈妈的一边时,你可以要求他回来,这时你要说,“不,我想要本斯。”此时,妈妈再把本斯推到你的身边。

尝试重压和按摩:让孩子坐在你的膝盖上,给他一个深情的拥抱,用拥抱来给他重力挤压,之后你就计数来挠他痒痒,让他借此学会期待。

虽然一些专家认为这不可能,但一些自闭症儿童确实会咯吱自己。

重压可以增加孩子对活动的注意和坚持时间,此时你可以快速地做家务。一个重度自闭症的儿童可能需要强烈的深压才能集中注意力与你交流。如果你能向孩子演示怎样获得压力,或想出一些能产生压力的好玩的活动,那么即使你的孩子很小也能独立获得这种压力。让这种感觉像吃饭一样成为孩子日常生活的一部分。当你将这种产生压力的活动当做常规一样实施时,你就更有可能拥有一个注意力集中的、能与你交流的孩子。家长们报告了一些对他们有用的策略,其中包括像舞蹈一样的韵律活动,如:

让你的内森跺跺左脚,跺跺右脚,用左手拍拍右腿膝盖,用右手拍拍左腿膝盖,再拍手两次。你让孩子用力地进行这项活动,以致地板都晃动了。你和内森一起描述你们所做的活动并用唱歌、听音乐来增强感觉输入。如果内森不累的话,要在最后进行欢呼!

这一系列的活动能够帮助内森跨过身体状态的中间线,获得充足的感觉输入,保持清醒状态。虽然做这些活动对很多自闭症儿童来说会很困难,但是这些活动的确能帮助他们发展,因为它能够增加大脑两个半球间的交流。像这样带有声音和震动的活动能够帮助缓解感觉饥饿。

建议3b:为了增强寻求感觉输入的孩子的专注力,在孩子读书、游戏或做事前,你和他在屋子里追逐嬉闹;或用两片体操垫裹住孩子,玩“本斯是三明治”游戏,使劲挤压他,并把他一次次地推到门栓处,同时戏谑地说:“对不起,本斯。”

为孩子选择游戏或活动时,要考虑孩子的感觉需要和忍耐度。他可能会要求和你接触、玩闹,此时可让他站在你的膝盖或腰上快速地跳跃。如果他很小,可能几次运动就可以满足他的感觉需求了,然后就可以放开他;如果他的感觉需求没得到满足,他就会跑回来要求再做。

另一些孩子需要轻微的身体接触来唤醒肌肤,可以给他涂香粉、沐浴液,或用大一点的化妆刷轻轻地扫几下他的皮肤。

你可以让孩子轻轻地抬起自己的四肢,然后你来描述和评论他正在做的动作,以增强他的注意力和身体知觉。你也可以让孩子平躺着,然后有大人待在他的头部附近、脚部附近或身体的一侧,大声说“我想让你把手抬起来”、“把脏脏的脚抬起来”,此时孩子就会把脚或手抬起来。治疗师可能会建议你让孩子保持这种动作几秒钟。

曾经用过的一些方法随着时间的流逝和广泛使用可能会逐渐失去作用,因此你要不断寻找新的方法来满足孩子对于压力的需求。

建议3c:如果你能在任务中不断满足孩子的感觉需求,就能增加孩子在任务上持续的时间。

如果你的孩子本斯是视觉型自闭症儿童,他就会不断地探索他所在的环境并对视觉图像非常感兴趣。此时你可以考虑使用能够吸引他的兴趣的、不断变化图片的计算机程序或应用程序。一个例子就是“大冒险行动”[1],家长或其他人通过大冒险行动,用动听的声音、短视频和吸引人的图片来教孩子符号、阅读、接受性语言(通常是书面语)。如果本斯能点击鼠标答对问题,那么他就可以看到一幅有趣的画面:屏幕上一辆车呼啸着跑来、三个篮球一起向他滚动、火箭升空或一个滑雪者正好开始在空中下降。

如果你的孩子是触觉型自闭症,当他在做事或看书时需要触摸到某种质地的东西时,可以让他拿一个大的塑料瓶子,瓶子的三分之一装满了东西:干豆子、扁豆、玉米、大米、一串珠子或是其他东西,瓶子里的东西都可以供他来触摸。当他专注于某件事时,可让其一只手伸进瓶子里,触摸里面的各种东西,此时他的注意力仍在任务上。可以在瓶口圈上一层布,防止瓶子里的小物件弹出瓶子(这层布不能阻止他把瓶子里的东西扔出去,但是可以让他在将手伸出瓶子时,带走最少的小物件)。

如果你的儿子詹姆斯需要非常多的触觉输入,但是大米和豆子的触觉并不能满足他的触觉需求,你可以试试其他易收拾、能带来更大触觉刺激的东西,例如粗布、丝绸、砂纸、人造刺毛、软的化妆刷等。

如果你的女儿斯蒂芬妮只需要轻微的感觉输入,那么可以让她轻轻拍打一袋玉米粉或是玩玉米粉。她的姨妈苏姗在玉米粉里加了一点水,这样就形成了一条小水流,但是这个小水流是可以随时中止的。

如果音乐能帮助你的孩子长久而持续地专注在任务上,那么当他在进行任务时,播放一些他喜欢的背景音乐,或是让他掌管收音机、激光唱片(compact

disc,CD)、平板电脑(iPad)或是其他任何装着他喜欢的音乐的设备。如果你的孩子喜欢音乐,让他听所有的音乐而不是将他限制在你认为适合他年龄的音乐种类里。也许本斯最喜欢奥蒂斯·雷丁(Otis”

Redding)的作品,而艾米则喜欢重金属音乐。(以他们的年纪可能跟不上旋律,但是他们可能会非常需要各种不同类型的复杂的声音,甚至是交响乐。)

即使你的孩子相较以前更能与你互动,但他们依然可能会在短时间的交流后便不再关注你。此时给予他们惊喜能帮助他们更加关注你、关注手头的任务、关注沟通、关注新的活动。


Introduction

第一次见到阿诺德·米勒(Arnold Miller)是在1991年7月的一个炎热的夏天,当时我刚毕业,渴望能有机会在自己从事的领域内做一番事业。我对那个位于古旧的红砖房子里的语言与认知发展中心(Language and Cognitive Developmental Center,简称为LCDC)几乎一无所知,更不知道它能够给我这个机会。那天,中心的米勒博士丝毫不受炎热天气和周围环境的影响,热情洋溢地迎接了我,使我开始了这份工作。

从那时起我印象最深的就是米勒博士在面对障碍儿童时所表现出的能力。他能发现儿童潜在的发展基础,以此为依据使儿童得到发展。他好像总是能发现别人发现不了的真相,并且总是能奇迹般地确认该从哪里开始对儿童进行干预。在我们共事的这些年里,我亲眼见证了他的很多成功案例,虽然有时会使人惊慌或产生抵触,但确实指出了事情的真相,并成为后来干预的基础。

他总是满怀信心,时刻准备着帮助更多的家庭,为这些家庭的孩子获得实质性进步找寻希望,使孩子们能够不断发展!

米勒博士总是启迪我要相信每位患者在语言、行为、思维方面会有更长远、更深刻的发展,我将一直铭记于心。

保罗·J.卡拉汉(Paul J. Callahan)

发展治疗师,语言与认知发展中心副主任


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欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折

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