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Jingdong book

高级产业经济学(第2版)

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《高级产业经济学(第2版)》作为高级产业经济学的权威性教材,充分反映了产业经济学(亦称产业组织学)主流学派(即所谓哈佛学派)的最新研究成果。在继续贯彻了主流产业经济学研究方法和基本主张的基础上,《高级产业经济学(第2版)》有选择地将当代主流产业经济学中的大多数重点议题作为主要内容,从而充分体现了研究生教育的要求。
Content Description

《高级产业经济学(第2版)》新世纪高校经济学教材译丛。《高级产业经济学(第2版)》内容涉及寡占理论基础、占诺模型的新古典主义经验研究、结构-行为-绩效关系的早期经验性研究、策略性行为、串谋和非合作串谋、市场结构与企业结构的决定因素以及垂直约束等内容。
Catalogue


中译本序
译者序
第一章 引言
1.1 研究领域
1.2 理论与经验性研究
1.3 进入壁垒与结构一行为一绩效范式
1.4 理论成果丰硕的十年
1.5 本书概要
第二章 寡占理论基础(一)
2.1 引言
2.2 古诺的原话
2.3 古典寡占理论简述
2.4 最优反应函数
2.5 存在性
2.6 稳定性
2.7 比较静态学:企业数目
2.8 限制性行为
第三章 寡占理论基础(二)
3.1 引言
3.2 作为一种静态博弈的古诺双寡头垄断
3.3 静态还是动态(纳什还是古诺)
3.4 推测变分
3.5 合作系数
3.6 产品差别化的代表性消费者模型
3.7 古诺与产品差别化
3.8 伯特兰与产品差别化
3.9 价格与产量
3.10 供给函数寡占模型
3.11 生产能力约束下的两阶段竞争
3.12 结论
第四章 寡占理论基础(三)
第五章 结构——行为——绩效关系的早期经验性研究
第六章 有关解释和设定的争论
第七章 市场绩效的经验性研究
第八章 策略性行为:投资于进入阻止
第九章 广告
第十章 串谋和非合作性串谋
第十一章 市场结构、进入和退出
第十二章 企业结构、合并与合资企业
第十三章 垂直约束
第十四章 研究与开发
参考文献
术语对照表
Book Abstract

看来,那种与古诺同时代的法国经济学家们忽视了古诺著作的说法是正确的,而法国的以外的经济学家则根本不知道它。在已知的有关评论中,最早的是切瑞曼作出的(Cherriman,1857),但他和福蒂尼(Fontenay,1864)的评论似乎并不为人所知。马歇尔在1867~1870年间显然读过古诺的著作(Pigou,1956),他在其《经济学原理》第一版序言中也承认受到了古诺的影响。杰文斯在《政治经济学理论》第二版序言中,提到他在1872年就已经得到古诺的《财富理论中数学原理的研究》一书,“但只是最近才研读过它”(Jevons,1879)。在《纯粹经济学要义》第四版序中,瓦尔拉斯在注释中也曾提到第一版和杰文斯及古诺的著作已经在大约同一时期(1877年)翻译成意大利文。他认为自己在经济分析中运用数学计算工具的思想源于古诺的著作(Walras,1926)。
就这样,古诺1838年出版的著作直到19世纪70年代才浮出水面。在他著作问世后的第二个45年里,伯特兰的批判性评论(见本书第三章3.8节)为其定下了专业评论的基调,古诺的学说从默默无闻变成了不招人喜欢(Bertrand,1883)。古诺虽被尊崇为将数学技巧应用于经济分析的先驱,但是他的结论却被抛弃。有关于此,埃奇沃思的评论颇具有代表性:
在一般意义上,垄断理论这一术语是与双边垄断或“双寡头”相联系的。古诺曾经描述了双方之间的交易是确定的,并用同样的方法描述了竞争性价格的形成。但是,伯特兰1883年发表在《学者杂志》上的文章和马歇尔《经济学原理》的早期版本就已给古诺体系的这一部分以沉重打击。直到1897年,古诺体系的许多部分还站得住脚,其中很大一部分是建立在垄断者的生产成本服从边际收益递减规律这一假设的基础之上的。目前,古诺理论已然瓦解的说法已经广为接受,只有阿莫鲁索(Amoroso)教授是古诺学说的惟一忠实信徒。
在伯特兰发表上述评论后的30年中,如费雪(Fisher,1898a,b)、埃奇沃思(Edgeworth,
1925—6)及其他有关著作所描述的那样,经济学界对于古诺模型的理解达成了共识。这一共识的主要内容是:古诺模型表明了一个稳定的均衡,价格和产出介于垄断与完全竞争水平之间;随着企业数目的增加,古诺均衡产量朝着一个完全竞争产业的长期均衡产量方向增长。古诺的结论是从其所作出的若干假设出发,并遵循了一条正确的逻辑路径而得出的,这一点已广为接受。但就是这些假设遭到了后人的舍弃,如我们在第三章阐述设定价格的寡占模型时将要看到的情况。不过,在此之前,我们仍有必要对古诺模型的传统和当代的理解进行一番考察。

盈利性方程中有一些解释变量所衡量的是产业间进入条件的差异。这些变量包括广告—销售比率(Advertising-SalesRatio,ASR)、以产业产出的一定比例表示的最小最优规模(Minimum Efficient Scale,MES)以及成本一劣势比率(Cost-Disadvantage Ratio,CDR)。根据科曼纳和威尔森的研究(Comanor and Wilson,1967),ASR被认为是产品差别化指数,MES可表明进入者相对市场而言应具有怎样的规模才能有效率地经营。而CDR衡量的则是小型企业相对于大型企业的生产率,CDR值越大,小型企业的生产率越接近于大型企业。换言之,CDR越大,小型的现有企业或新进入企业相对于大型现有企业的成本劣势就越小,在其他条件相同的情况下,价格—成本差额(PCM)的值应越低。
盈利性方程右端的其他变量衡量了产业间需求状况,即需求的价格弹性的差异。这些变量包括向最终消费需求销售的比率(Fraction of Sales Going to Final Consumer Demand,
CDSR)、进口—销售比率(Import-sales Ratio,IMSR)、买者集中度比率(BuyerConcentration
Ratio,BCR)以及产业销售增长率(Growth Rate of Industry Sales,GR)。
向最终消费需求的销售比率越高,产品差别化的可能性就越大。这表明CDSR对价格—成本差额有正效应。
价格—成本差额只针对国内产品计算。进口商的销售额越大,国内生产者面临的剩余需求弹性就越大,在其他条件相同的情况下,价格—成本差额的值就越低。将进口—销售比率作为解释变量应该也能衡量仅包括国内供应商时的卖者集中度。这同时也表明IMSR在PCM方程中应有一个负的系数。
产业销售给最大的四家顾客的份额(BCR)越大,这些顾客的讨价还价能力就越强,他们自己进入的威胁就越可信。BCR值越高,PCM值应越低。
资本—销售比率(Capital-Sales Ratio,KSR)在PCM方程中是衡量资本的正常收益至的解释变量。4企业集中度比率出现在方程的右端,它用来衡量在集中的产业中价格—成本差额是否较高。方程中的区域性产业虚拟变量(Regional Industry Dummy Variable,REG)被用以检验从全国市场角度计算的集中度比率是否低估了区域性市场或地方性市场的集中度。
6.4.1.2 广告方程
多夫曼-斯坦纳(Dorfman—Steiner)条件表明,价格—成本差额越大并且需求对广告的弹性越大,广告—销售比率也就越大。因此,价格-成本差额和需求变量出现在ASR方程(6.82)式的右端。
科曼纳和威尔森的研究(Comnar and Wilson,1974,p.141)也表明,在消费者能够从直接的个人经历中获得产品信息的场合,广告就较少。这一观点证明了将耐用品虚拟变量(Durable Goods Dummy Variable,DUR)放在ASR方程的右端的合理性。
ASR方程的最后一个解释变量是4企业集中度比率和4企业集中度比率的二次方。这些变量是用来检验广告在集中度水平较低时随集中度的上升而增加,在集中度达到中等水平后随集中度的上升而降低的假说的。如果集中度足够低,企业应是价格接受者。对价格接受型的企业而言,需求的广告弹性是零,因为价格接受型的企业可以以市场价格卖出它愿意卖出的任意数量的产品,而只要价格稍稍高于市场价格,则产品就一件都卖不出去。因此,在没有集中的市场中,广告—销售比率应是低的。
随着集中度的上升,企业认识到了相互之间的依存性,认识到了一条对它们品种多样性的需求曲线。这一需求曲线的位置可受销售努力的影响。集中度从低水平上升到中等水平后,广告密度将随察觉到的需求的广告弹性的上升而上升。事实上,在中等集中度区间内,企业会愈加意识到寡头之间的相互依存性。这种认识可使企业从产量或价格竞争转向广告和其他类型的销售努力的竞争,每美元销售额的广告会超过总体利润最大化时的水平。但在集中度达到高水平时,寡头间的协调将延伸到销售努力和价格方面。因此,在集中度从中等水平上升到高水平时,广告密度会随着集中度的上升而下降(Greer,1971;Cabel,1972;Sutton,1974)。这些观点预示了在ASR方程中,集中度的线性项会有一个正的系数,而集中度的二次项目将有一个负的系数。
……
Introduction

就我而言,写书似乎是一项自以为是的工作,写一本教材是如此,写一本研究生教材则似乎更不用说了,而写一本产业经济学的研究生教材俨然已是一项自以为是到了无以复加地步的工作。然而,产业经济学领域是如此宽广,以致谁也无法精通其中的一切;而其发展又是如此之快,以致任何书稿一俟出版便已经显得过时了。不管是否阅读本书,人们都会经常从互联网上下载研究报告,以便跟上产业经济学进步的潮流。
因此,我应该向读者提供将其宝贵的资源和时间用于阅读本书的一些理由,包括它的杰出的竞争者在内(产业经济学家们终究会相信产品差别化可以增进福利)。这些理由主要是基于产业经济学领域的进展,就像我在本书中所试着阐述的那样。
我首次接触产业经济学是在1968年的冬天。 自那时起,产业经济学领域发生了从内容到方法上的巨大变化。我们现在知道的许多东西在那时却并不为人所知。所以,我试着编写一本能够清晰说明新旧学说之间关系的教材;因为在我看来,其若不能使彼此相联系,则其中任何一种学说都不会是完整的。
产业经济学领域大多数令人注目的变化都涉及研究方法。对于成熟的产业经济学家来说,博弈论无疑是一种基本的工具。为此,我在本书的阅读参考网站上提供了一个附录,以便为学生熟练掌握必需的博弈论分析方法提供必要的工具。
在讨论理论模型过程中,我尽可能详细地给出论证的具体细节。只要有可能,本书还列出了那些在论文中可能被省略的步骤。因为论文的读者通常被认为有能力给出这些步骤,而教材的读者则往往被认定还有待于掌握如何跳过这些步骤的技能。另外,鉴于本书的篇幅所限,有些理论模型的由来不可能得到详尽的描述,为此我在本书的阅读参考网站上还列出了一些补充或是辅助性的讲稿。
在讨论经验性研究的过程中,我试着对有关数据和方法给予充分的描述,以转达有关研究的风格及其结果的性质。需要提醒读者注意的是:若不进行求证工作,则谁都不可能意识到理论的局限所在;而如果没有受过计量经济学的训练,或者即使具备了其他所有条件,但缺乏从事经验性分析的经验,那么,谁也不可能认识到经验性分析的局限。
在准备出版本书第二版的过程中,我对基本寡占模型的论述作了彻底的修改,它们构成了本书第二章至第四章的主要内容,而不似第一版中的第二章和第十章。我采用了一些常见的函数形式来描述其中的许多内容,而不似在第一版中那样几乎单一地依赖于线性反需求函数和边际成本不变的分析框架。导致这一变化的原因,部分是由于我开始感觉伯特兰(Bertrand,1883,pp.499—500)对坎纳德(Canard)的抨击太过分了(尽管可能是因为这一更为简单的分析框架在产业经济学中广为运用)。另外,这一变化也在某种程度上反映了我的这样一种判断,即使用更为常见的公式的边际成本较为适中,而其边际收益却很大。
为控制篇幅,我删去了第一版中有关可竞争市场理论的那一章。不过,读者可以从本书阅读参考网站上得到这部分内容及几篇最新的参考文献。

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Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

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About the brand

Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book