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Jingdong book

自然资源与能源经济学手册(第2卷)

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《自然资源与能源经济学手册(第2卷)》中数理分析内容较多。研读《自然资源与能源经济学手册(第2卷)》需要一定的数学基础。《自然资源与能源经济学手册(第2卷)》中有大量的模型和计量分析。《自然资源与能源经济学手册(第2卷)》涉及多学科。这本手册像一本百科全书,涉及的学科范围非常广,除了经济学术语之外,我们遇到了大量生态学、法律、地质、资源学、矿物学、伦理学、哲学等方面的词汇,可以说天文地理、人文百科,无所不有。
从经济学发展的早期开始,自然资源就一直为经济学家们所研究。它们被看做国家繁荣富强的基础。运用新的方法利用能源的能力,即使不是推动工业革命发展的唯一主要因素,也被看做主要因素之一。而森林、渔场和农业用地等资源之所以长期以来一直被研究,是因为它们是食物供应的重要基础。
Catalogue

第四部分 可再生资源的经济分析
第11章 水资源经济学:概述
1.引言与总论
2.水资源系统的特性与供给及利用类型
2.1 水的供给及利用
2.2 水资源的特点:政府干预的根本原因
2.3 水资源分配的政府干预
2.4 政府干预水资源分配的目标

3.水资源系统的成本一收益分析
3.1 基本概念
3.2 评估水资源政府干预的经济影响:概念问题
3.3 确定水资源政府于预的直接经济效应的技术
3.4 社会成本估算
3.5 成本-收益分析的其他问题

4.政府水政策的几个问题的评估
4.1 自然灾害:洪涝与干旱
4.2 水运
4.3 农业灌溉

5.有关水供给的深层次问题
5.1 地下水管理
5.2 流域间水的输送
5.3 水保护
5.4 重分配的水资源供给

6.水的分配与定价的制度安排
6.1 水分配制度
6.2 用水获益的索价

7.联邦政府的水管理策略
7.1 水污染控制策略
7.2 政府水资源的投资政策
7.3 解决水资源政策争端时诉讼的作用
7.4 关于政府水政策的结论
参考文献

第12章 公共林地的多用途管理
1.引言
2.美国公共林地
3.林木采伐文献
3.1 富斯特曼问题
3.2 哈特曼问题——多用途采伐
3.3 持续产量的最大值

4.多用途管理
4.1 林木生产
4.2 林木需求和估价
4.3 多用途管理问题

5.采伐树龄解
5.1 采伐的时间条件
5.2 稳态解
5.3 达到稳态的方法

6.政策方面要考虑的问题和例证
6.1 案例说明
6.2 多种林木采伐树龄解
6.3 结论
参考文献

第13章 土地资源与土地市场
1.引言
1.1 土地在主流经济理论中的地位
1.2 土地经济学
1.3 本章要点:土地市场

2.土地租金和资产价值理论
2.1 土地作为生产性和可交易资产的资本价值:简单模型
2.2 李嘉图模型与土地质量
2.3 杜能模型与区位
2.4 租金竞拍函数方法
2.5 租金、资产市场和土地资本收入的可能性

3.外延与内涵
3.1 土地利用
3.2 公共土地与荒地
3.3 现代交通技术与居住地选择
3.4 土地价格、价值撷取和公共工程效益
3.5 不动产业主社会中的宏观政策
3.6 土地与经济学发展
参考文献

第五部分 提供可再生资源商品和服务的经济分析
第14章 渔业管理的经济学
1.引言
2.渔业生物模型的角色
3.渔业经济学的静态研究方法
4.资本理论与渔业管理经济学
5.基本模型的扩展
6.不确定性及渔业管理
7.主要政策问题Ⅰ:捕捞能力的规划与控制
8.主要政策问题Ⅱ:海洋法规以及扩大的渔业管辖区域
9.结论
参考文献

第15章 户外休闲经济分析
1.引言
2.政府在户外休闲服务供应中的参与
3.户外休闲设施的需求和价值
3.1 旅行成本法
3.2 意愿调查评估
3.3 家庭生产函数
3.4 预测户外休闲需求

4.休闲体验的质量
4.1 休闲地点的拥挤
4.2 环境质量与休闲需求
5.结论
参考文献

第六部分 社会主义制度下的环境与可更新资源问题
第16章 社会主义制度下环境与可更新资源的经济分析
第一部分 俄罗斯
1.导言:社会主义制度下的环境幻觉(myth)与现实
2.为何理论未能实施:文化与资源财富
3.没有社会多元化时生产高于一切
4.对马克思经济理论的曲解
5.经济机制本身存在问题
6.国家安全和环境的意义
7.资源政策
8.正常运作时的体制
9.结论
第二部分 中国
索引
译后记
Book Abstract

由于林地具有组合型的多种服务价值,没有理由预测a(n)会随林木树龄单调增加或减少。很可能几个树龄均满足一阶条件,其中有些是局部最小值和最大值。⑧当a(n)足够大且随林木树龄增长时,我们可能发现没有满足一阶条件的树龄,从而选择永远不采伐。
如果最大林地现值A小于零,那么,我们应该放弃林地管理。相对于单纯考虑木材采伐价值而言,全面考虑林地的多种价值使得林地管理带来负利润的可能性减小。从而,如果林地能够提供正的环境舒适性服务,我们就不愿采伐林地或放弃种植。有趣的是,环境舒适性价值大到足以使得永久性的采伐管理变得有利可图,而当只考虑木材的价值时,则看起来是不经济的管理。实际上,休闲价值——假设其会随着采伐管理而减小——尽管可能作为重新种植林木的理由,然而它绝不会足够大或随着树龄大幅增长,从而成为延长通常较短的林木轮伐周期的理由。这说明了任意将共有的再生成本分配到单项服务中的危害。
与富斯特曼问题相对照,原有林地的树龄在此模型中比较重要。除非现有树龄超过了哈特曼树龄,采伐树龄的解不受影响。如果林地确实超过了这个树龄,或许继续延迟或永不采伐更可取。如果只从木材价值考虑,应立即采伐这种老林。如果延迟采伐,则木材增长率将下降。因此,对于年轻林地,如果考虑贴现的话,就无须假以时日,待其成为老林后提供更高的环境舒适性服务;不过,假使我们偶然有了一片老林地,现时较高的环境舒适性服务价值流就足以证明保留这片老林是可取的。
总的来说,哈特曼采伐树龄,将在富斯特曼树龄与来自环境舒适性服务的收益现值最大化的树龄之间。采伐树龄解取决于相对净采伐收益的轮伐周期内环境舒适性总收益以及环境舒适性和木材分别的增长率。当林地总体的环境舒适性价值随树龄增长时,采伐树龄解将大于富斯特曼树龄。事实上,如果环境舒适性价值流很大而且随树龄增长时,最优的选择是永远不采伐林地。在草料和水流增加很重要的许多地区,我们可预期环境舒适性价值会随树龄降低。若环境舒适性价值通常随树龄降低,则人们会选择较短的轮伐周期。
Introduction

编写《经济学手册》的目的和必要性在于对过去的经济学的研究成果加以总结,即删繁就简,使之条理化并加以适当的解释’和评价,以便使读者花费较少的时间和精力就能够较全面和准确地理解成果的内容。因此,《经济学手册》是经济学研究人员的有用的参考著作和工具用书;它也能为高学位的研究生提供辅助性的阅读材料。
在整个西方经济学发展过程中,存在着两部影响较大的系列性的经济学手册。一部是在20世纪20年代开始出版的《剑桥经济学手册》,另一部便是这部由埃尔塞维亚科学出版社一北荷兰出版公司在20世纪80年代后陆续出版的《经济学手册》。大致说来,前者概述了第二次世界大战以前的西方经济学;后者则对其第二次世界大战后的发展,特别是70年代以后出现的新文献加以最高水平的总结。把二者加以对照就可以看到,手册的必要性越来越为明显。到了目前,甚至可以说,除非借助于手册类丛书,已经很难洞悉西方经济学的全貌,其原因在于:在20世纪中,特别在它的后半期,西方经济学得到了巨大的发展。
概述第二次世界大战前的西方经济学的《剑桥经济学手册》共有10册,涵盖当时的经济学的10个分支学科。

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