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Jingdong book

自卑与超越（第2版）

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Jingdong book

自卑与超越（第2版）

Name: 自卑与超越（第2版）
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3116018631
Price: 23.73 USD
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青少年必备的心理学读本个体心理学先驱阿德勒博士的巅峰之作，《自卑与超越(修订版)》是在阿德勒思想最成熟的1932年写就的，书中包括了阿德勒最主要的思想。《自卑与超越(修订版)》语言平易近人，结构严谨，是心理分析的重要参考读物。同时，对于家长和教师而言，《自卑与超越(修订版)》也是一本非常优秀的教育指导书籍。

Content Description

阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒是与弗洛伊德齐名的心理学大师，他的心理学观点不仅适用于父母和了女间的关系，而且也可以涵盖师生关系。在维也纳，阿德勒有众多的追随者。1927年，他受聘为哥伦比亚大学讲座教授。1932年，他又受聘为日本长岛医学院教授。1935年，他创办了国际个体心理学学刊。1937年，阿德勒受聘赴欧洲讲学。由于四处争聘，他有时甚至一天之内要分赴两个城市演讲。由于过分劳累，他终于因为心脏病发作，猝死在苏格兰亚伯丁市的街道上。

Author Description

阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒，1870年出生于奥地利维也纳近郊。1895年在维也纳大学获得医药学位。1907年，阿德勒发表了有关由身体缺陷引起的自卑感及其补偿的论文，这给他带来了巨大的声名。在第一次世界大战期间，阿德勒曾在奥地利军队中充当军医。之后，他又在维也纳的教育机构中从事儿童辅导的工作。在1920年左右，阿德勒便已经声名远播了。之后，他周游各国，到处讲学。1937年，阿德勒由于心脏病发作，猝死在苏格兰亚伯丁市的街道上。

Catalogue

译者序
一、生活的意义
二、心灵与肉体
三、自卑感和优越感
四、早期的记忆
五、梦
六、家庭的影响
七、学校的影响
八、青春期
九、犯罪及其预防
十、职业
十一、人及其同伴
十二、爱情与婚姻
阿德勒年谱

Book Abstract

人类生活在“意义”之中。我们一生中所经历的事物并不仅仅是单纯的事物，更为重要的是这些事物对我们人类的意义。即使是我们生存的环境中最简单的事物，人类在接触它们的时候也是从自己的角度作为出发点来看待它们的。“木头”指的是“与人类自身有关系的木头”，“石头”也是“作为人类生活因素之一的石头”。如果有人想脱离意义的范畴，而使自己仅仅生活在单纯的环境之中，那么他一定非常不幸：他将与自己周围的人丧失沟通的基础，他的行为无论是对他自己，或是对其他人都毫不起作用，都没有任何意义。我们一直是以自己赋予现实的意义来感受现实，我们所感受的不是现实本身，而是现实被我们所赋予的意义，或者说是我们的感受是我们自己对现实的解释。因此，我们可以顺理成章地说：每个人感受到的意义多多少少总是不完全的，甚至是不正确的，因为“意义”是一个充满了谬误的领域。
假如我们问一个人：“生活的意义是什么？”他很可能回答不出来。通常，人们不愿让这个看似没有意义的问题来困扰自己，所以总是用一些陈词滥调的回答来搪塞；或者，人们干脆认为这个问题是没有意义的。然而，我们无法否认，自从人类有自己的历史开始，这个问题便已经存在了。在我们这个时代，不仅是青年，连一些上了年纪的人们也会经常为之困惑：“我们为什么而活着？生活的意义又是什么？”自然，无数的事实让我们可以断言：通常人们只有在遭遇失败挫折的时候，才会发出这种疑问；假如一个人的一生中没有任何的波澜和起伏，也没有遇到过任何的困难和险阻，那么这个问题便不成其为问题，也不会被诉之于言词。
在一般情况下，人类通过自己的行为来诠释生活的意义，几乎每个人都只把这个问题和它的答案通过自己的行为表现出来。如果我们观察一个人的行为，而完全不管他的言论，我们将会发现：他的姿势、态度、动作、表情、礼貌、野心、习惯、特征等等，无不体现出他个人对于“生活意义”的理解。他的行为让我们相信，他似乎对某种关于生活的解释深信不移，他的一举一动都蕴含着他对这个世界和他自己的看法。他似乎是在用自己的行为向世人宣告：“我就是这个样子，而世界就是那种型态”，这便是他赋予自己以及生活的意义。
生活的意义因人而异，也正因为如此，生活的意义多得不可胜数。而且，我们会发现，每一种个体自认为正确的生活的意义可能多少都含有错误的成分在里头，没有人拥有绝对正确的生活意义；但同时我们也会发现，无论是哪一种生活的意义，只要有人持这种态度，它也绝不会是完全错误的。所有的生活意义都在这两个极端之间变化。然而，这些变化——或者说，不同的人赋予生活不同的意义却有高下之分：它们中有些很美妙，有些则很糟糕；有些错得多，有些则错得少。我们还可以发现：较好的生活意义具有一些共同特征，而较差的生活意义则都缺乏这些特征。这样，我们通过对经验的归纳总结，就可以得到一种相对“科学”的生活意义，它是真正意义的共同尺度，也是能使我们应付与人类有关的现实的“意义”。在此，我们必须牢牢记住：“真实”指的是对人类的真实，对人类目标和计划的真实。除此之外，没有别的所谓“真实”。如果还有其他的“真实”存在，它也和我们没有关系，我们无法知道这种“真实”，这种“真实”也因此是没有任何意义的。
每个人都不得不面对三条重要的事实，这些事实是他必须随时牵挂于怀的。一个人的现实生活不得不受这三条事实的制约，他所面临的问题也都是这些事实所造成的。由于这些事实无所不在地缠绕着人类，所以我们必须不断地回答因此而产生的问题，一个人对这些问题的回答能够体现出他对生活意义的个人理解。

Introduction

A.阿德勒（A1fred Adler），870年出生于维也纳郊外，和弗洛伊德同属于精神心理学界大师级的重要人物。他自小患有驼背，行动不便，因此，他觉得自己又小又丑，事事都比不上他的哥哥。五岁那年，他患了一场几乎使他致命的重病，痊愈之后，他便决心要当医生。以后，他说他自己的生活目标就是要克服儿童时期对死亡的恐惧，他的许多心理学上的观点都可以从他童年时代的记忆中寻出其蛛丝马迹。1895年，阿德勒从维也纳大学获得了医药学位。两年后，他和来自俄国的留学生蒂诺菲佳娃娜结了婚。在维也纳居住期间，阿德勒也像普通的维也纳人一样，经常到咖啡馆和朋友及学生们一起饮酒作乐，谈天说笑。他友善谦和，不拘小节，因此和三教九流的人都交上了朋友。
阿德勒曾经熟读弗洛伊德所著的《梦的解析》一书，他认为它对于了解人性有莫大的贡献。

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