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Jingdong book

色觉检查图（第2版）

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Books Medical Science Ophthalmology

Jingdong book

色觉检查图（第2版）

Name: 色觉检查图（第2版）
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3117030191
Price: 18.95 USD
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色觉检查图第2版由中山大学眼科中心多位教授悉心编写,精彩改版色觉检查图第2版经专业色盲镜检查对照研究验证,精准筛查。

首先，色觉检查图第2版由中山大学眼科教授，亚非眼科学会副主席，首届卫生部眼科学实验室主任、美国斯坦福大学、霍普金斯大学及美国国立眼科研究所访问学者及研究科学家，中华医学会眼科学会视觉生理学组组长吴乐正及中山大学中山眼科中心主任医师，黄斑病科主任，中华医学会眼科学会视觉生理学组副组长黄时洲等4 位教授联袂主编。他们长期从事视觉生理、眼黄斑疾病和视觉补偿的临床及研究工作，对于色觉检查具有丰富的经验和独特的见解。

其次，色觉检查图第2版经过精心的改版，以及色盲镜检查对照研究的专业检验，对于色觉异常者能简单、快速、精准的进行筛查，因此广泛适用于学校体检、入伍体检、驾驶员筛选及需要色觉辨别力的工作能力测定等。

色觉检查图第2版设置了多种类型的检查图式，有几何图形、数字图形、线条图形、物体图形等，可用于检测红绿色觉及蓝黄色觉异常。线条图形有助于语言困难者使用，物体图形可用于儿童检查。蓝黄色图则用于检测蓝黄色觉异常。图片内容丰富可根据受检者的年龄、智力状况等选择全部或部分图片进行检查。

Content Description

色觉是人眼重要的视功能之一，色觉检查的方法主要有假同色图试验 (Pseudoisochromatic Plates)、彩绒试验 (Wool Skeins Test)、色彩排列试验 (FM-100 Hue Test，Panel D-15 Test) 和色盲镜检查 (Anomaloscope) 等。各种检查的侧重点不同，各有一定的优缺点。

色觉检查图是根据假同色原理设计的检查方法，具有检查简单、快速的特点，对于结果的确认也比较明了，用于筛选色觉异常已有百年历史。

《色觉检查图(第2版)》吸取国内外色觉检查图的优点，设置了多种类型的检查图式，有几何图形、数字图形、线条图形、物体图形等，可用于检测红绿色觉及蓝黄色觉异常。

几何图形和数字图形是最常用的检查类型，线条图形有助于语言困难者使用，物体图形可用于儿童检查。蓝黄色图则用于检测蓝黄色觉异常。根据受检者的年龄、智力状况等可选择全部或部分图片进行检查。色觉检查环境须光线明亮，但不宜有强反射及直射光，要求检查环境安静。检查时，将色觉检查图放置于眼前50 厘米处，可用自然光作光源，每张图阅读时间大约为5 秒钟。

《色觉检查图(第2版)》的临床意义见附件一，表中列举各类色觉状况受试者对图的辨认情况。附件二为检查结果的报告表模式，可供参考。

Author Description

吴乐正，中山大学眼科教授，博士研究生导师，亚非眼科学会副主席。曾任中山医科大学中山眼科中心副主任、眼科研究所所长、眼科教研室主任、首届卫生部眼科学实验室主任、美国斯坦福大学、霍普金斯大学及美国国立眼科研究所访问学者及研究科学家；德国慕尼黑马克西梅兰大学眼科医院等宾客教授，国际临床视觉电生理学会委员，中华医学会眼科学会视觉生理学组组长。第28届国际临床视觉电生理学术会议主席，第1 届国际热带亚热带眼科学术会议主席，第12 届亚非眼科大会主席。《中华眼科杂志》副总编辑、《眼科学报》总编辑。主要从事视觉生理、眼黄斑疾病和视觉补偿的诊治及研究。发表学术论文280 篇。

编著《人工视觉》《视网膜电图学》《眼病微量元素临床及实验研究》《现代眼科门诊手术指南》《临床视觉电生理学》《眼部症状的鉴别诊断》《眼科全书》（一卷）《光明使者》《Advances in Ophthalmology》《临床多焦视觉电生理学》《中华眼科学》（一卷）《临床眼黄斑病学》《Clinical Visual Electrophysiology》等书。

曾获教学成果优秀奖，卫生部、国家教委等科技进步奖；获卫生部有突出贡献中青年专家等荣誉称号。享受国务院政府特殊津贴。并获美国防盲研究会奖，世界眼科基金会杰出服务奖，亚洲- 太平洋眼科学会杰出贡献奖，美国视光学学会及神经视光学康复学会贡献奖等国际奖项。

黄时洲中山大学中山眼科中心主任医师，硕士研究生导师，黄斑病科主任。

Catalogue

使用说明

色觉检查图及其临床应用

示范图

几何、线条图

数字图

物体图

蓝黄色型

色觉检查图的临床意义

色觉检查图的检查结果

Book Abstract

色觉检查图及其临床应用

人视觉系统的适宜刺激为一定波长范围内的电磁辐射。人眼所能看到的这部分电磁辐射叫做光，又叫可见光或光辐射。按波长顺序排列起的全部可见光叫可见光谱。正常人仔细观察一个明亮的可见光谱，可清楚看到以红光为一端，紫光为另一端，排成红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫序列的各种颜色。但是色觉异常者却对光谱部分区域的颜色分辨不清。

色觉的形成是从光刺激视锥细胞的视色素代谢开始，通过神经兴奋从光感受器传递到视觉中枢，得到大脑的综合分析而获得颜色感觉。

人们的生活离不开颜色，从事交通运输、化工、矿业、美术、医学、生物等等职业者更需要具备良好的色觉。随着科学技术的不断发展，各行各业对工作中的色觉要求越来越严格，色觉测定不仅应用于对先天性色觉异常者的快速筛选，而且涉及需要精细颜色辨别力工作者和学员的选择。因而，色觉检查是就业、就学、服军役等必须的体检项目。根据世界各地报道，先天性色觉异常率高至4%~8%之间，男∶女为10∶1。

色觉异常可分为先天性色觉异常和后天性色觉异常。先天性色觉异常者出生后就具有色觉障碍，在一生中不变，可遗传给下一代，但没有其他视功能的损害。后天性色觉异常则是由于眼病、全身性病变、神经系统疾病、化学毒物、药物或年龄

因素等所致，因而也称为获得性色觉异常。后天性色觉异常者可两眼色觉不同，常伴有其他视功能损害，且以蓝黄色觉异常者居多，男女罹患率相同。根据病变程度或接触药物的程度不同，色觉异常的程度也不同。

一、色觉学说

关于色觉形成的机制，目前仍未完全清楚，主要有下列学说。

三原色学说1807年Young提出了三原色的假设，Helmholtz于1860年在此基础上提出在人的眼睛内有三种基本的颜色视觉感受器。这个学说认为视网膜中包含着感红、感绿和感蓝三种光感受器，通过这三种光感受器感受光线中不同的光谱成分，产生不同的颜色感觉，如长波端为主为红色感觉，中波端为主为绿色，短波端为主为蓝色；三种感光细胞不同程度同时兴奋，经过混合，形成混合色。

对立机制理论1864年Hering提出对立机制理论，即四色理论。红和绿感受器、黄和蓝感受器是两对起对立作用的器官；黑和白感受器是第三对对立的感受器官，任何颜色光和白光都能传送黑-白机制的明度信息。基础研究已经证实红-绿对立和蓝-黄对立节细胞的存在。色调可能由四类对立细胞不同比例的活动所编码，饱和度由不同比例的非对立活动和对立活动所代表。

阶段学说Abramov于1968年提出颜色视觉过程可分成四个阶段：第一阶段，视网膜的三种独立视锥细胞感光物质有选择地吸收光谱中的不同波长辐射，同时又单独产生白和黑反应；第二阶段，由视锥细胞引起的神经兴奋向视觉中枢传导过程中，

经重新组合，形成红或绿、黄或蓝、白或黑等三对对立性的神经反应。第三阶段在大脑皮层的视觉中枢产生各种颜色感觉。

Land理论Land假设人的视觉包括三个独立的视网膜皮层系统(Retinex)。每一个视网膜皮层系统都对视野中的长、中、短波等各种颜色独立地起反应，在中枢神经系统就建立了三种独立的景物图像。Land认为这三种视网膜皮层图像不同明度地

相互比较决定了颜色知觉。如果三种视网膜皮层反应的明度基本上相同，就是中性色(即白色)，失去平衡就产生颜色。但这个理论还存在争议。

二、色觉的分子生物学研究

Dalton于1798年首次发表了关于他本人色觉异常的科学论文，引起了对色觉异常的遗传学研究。以后通过家谱调查，明确了红绿色觉异常的性染色体隐性遗传特征。

两个多世纪的光学、心理物理学和生物化学的实验证实了色觉取决于视网膜视锥细胞中三种光吸收分子（感光色素）。而Nathans等应用分子生物学方法证明视紫红质基因来自于第3对染色体，蓝色觉视色素基因来自于第7对染色体，红绿色觉视色素基因位于X染色体，确定编码红、绿、蓝感光色素的基因及其变异，是色觉研究上的重大突破，在色觉和进化的研究上具有重大指导意义。

……

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