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Jingdong book

汉译世界学术名著丛书·比较城市化：20世纪的不同道路

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Jingdong book

汉译世界学术名著丛书·比较城市化：20世纪的不同道路

Name: 汉译世界学术名著丛书·比较城市化：20世纪的不同道路
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110056191
Price: 24.47 USD
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城市化曾经是20世纪对人类社会产生最大影响的社会过程，该书是布赖恩·贝利的代表作，也是西方国家20世纪80年代城市化研究最重要的研究成果。
该书通过世界不同国家和地区城市化过程的比较研究，认识到在20世纪快速城市化过程中，尽管城市化存在很多共性，但是城市化的道路却各不相同，差异华主要源于文化背景及发展阶段的不同，并产生了多样化的人类后果。

Catalogue

致谢
前言
第一章 19世纪工业城市化
最显著的社会现象
19世纪城市化的尺度和原因
人口迁移和自然增长
新城市的人口结构
城市化与道德准则
理论体系的出现
城市化作为一种生活方式
城市规划的渊源
进步党的思想
景观建筑学
城市美化运动
住房改革
规划专业化

第二章 20世纪的城市化：北美经验
大都市集中化的后果
“我们的城市”，1937：国家开始重视城市问题
沃思的评估
20世纪新城市区
20世纪70年代日常城市体系的成长
变化的原因
面向新的社会理论
层域和流动性
相互作用密度
内部差异
马赛克文化中的生活方式
美国的规划方式
美国的新城
住房政策
城市发展概念的扩展
多元化问题

第三章扩散中的转型：第三世界城市化
城市增长的不同背景
外围城市聚落的移民和增长
移民的后果
非法棚户区：被抵制的“贫困文化”
城市经济对劳动力的吸纳
城市经济结构
生存经济的维持
传统亚文化的再加强
扩散与首位
规划的紧迫性
第三世界边缘区国家城市规划的两个案例
以色列：“平衡”型城市体系的国家规划
南非：通过种族隔离的控制

第四章为新的城市实体规划：战后欧洲经验
城市遗产
城市模式和社会结构
公众参与的传统
关心城市设计
住宅与住房偏好
英国新城：与工业城市化相伴生
英国规划的早期发展
战后规划：新城
关于开发控制
新城评估
新趋势和新政策
欧洲大陆的进展
瑞典的成就
芬兰：塔皮奥拉的建设
法国：经济学和城市规划的结合
荷兰：聚焦城市化对人类的重大影响
社会主义城市
苏联经验
俄国社会主义对东欧城市的影响
关于城市目标的持续争论

第五章 20世纪城市化的不同道路
社会一政治基础
自由企业动力机制
有组织的市场讨价还价
第三世界
西欧再分配福利国家
社会主义指向
四种规划形式
未来决定因素之间的关系

第六章差异化加强：20世纪70年代以来的城市变化
美国：逆城市化过程
热爱新奇
接近自然
自由移动
个人主义
变化新途径
其他市场经济与福利国家分散化和离心化的开端
社会主义国家中心化的变化形式
第三世界在20世纪70年代以后的变化
变化的应对：胁迫下的规划
参考文献
索引

Book Abstract

对于发展中国家的很多规划师和决策者来说，仍然担心大城市得“巨型症”，即使首位城市与其他地方的城市相比并不算大。这些担心从政府官员所表达的控制大城市的城市化过程和限制人口增长的想法中可见一斑。他们的理由是，如不加控制会产生以下的问题：失控的城市蔓延、交通堵塞、失业、犯罪、非法棚户区的激增、无法提供服务等，总体来说就是担心进一步的失控增长会降低生活水平。对于接受西方教育的规划师来说，还担心出现“规模不经济”以及首位城市的寄生性。
规划师们认为现有经济体制框架内的不断变化只会产生更多、更糟糕的问题。必须改变城市体系的性质以克服持续的经济低增长率、出口导向、殖民地遗留问题，因为这些问题会限制大城市的现代化，使得过滤变得渺茫。越来越多的人认为发达国家的经验对于今天的第三世界来说是无关的，所以正在尝试激进的新规划方法。
有人认为，当发达国家开始现代化的经济增长的时候，在经济上是优于其他国家的，而今天的欠发达国家在经济上是最糟糕的。18和19世纪时的贸易制度比今天宽松，有着更多的人口国际自由流动的机会，政治和经济的壁垒也比今天要少。在第三世界，作为现代经济增长产物的制度环境要先于增长的过程。打个比方，政治民主制度常常排除为了增长的目的而对无产阶级的剥削，这是在西方初始增长阶段的一个很普遍的现象。

Introduction

城市化曾经是20世纪对人类社会产生最大影响的社会过程，特别是“二战”以后，西方发达国家科学家一直在关注城市化研究。本书是布赖恩·贝利（Brian J.L.Berry）的代表作。也是西方国家20世纪80年代前城市化研究最重要的研究成果。
本书通过世界不同国家和地区城市化过程的比较研究，认识到在20世纪快速城市化过程中，尽管城市化存在很多共性，但是城市化的道路却各不相同，差异化主要源于文化背景及发展阶段的不同，并产生了多样化的人类后果。本书首先分析了19世纪工业城市化的特征，讨论19世纪发生在城市中的社会转型所引起的人口和社会运动，并指出城市规划的出现是作为对城市负面影响的一种反馈。其次，对北美、第三世界国家、欧洲城市化的过程进行描述和分析。关于北美城市化动力机制和人文结果，从规模、相互作用密度和内部差异三个方面来进行解释。贝利认为伴随着美国出现的马赛克文化，美国的规划方式也趋于支持私有化和马赛克文化，而不是提高规划客体的生产性。关于第三世界城市化的道路，作者认为不同于西方。在乡村向城市社会转型中，人口主要迁移到大城市的外围聚落地带；在城市经济对劳动力进行吸纳时，会产生空间扩散、阶级冲突以及次文化马赛克等问题。

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