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21世纪国际经贸精品教材·国际贸易:理论与政策

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《国际贸易:理论与政策》主要讲解国际贸易的基本理论和基本政策。全书共分十五章,主要内容包括世界市场、保护贸易理论、关税措施、国际服务贸易、世界贸易组织、国别贸易、国际贸易理论与政策前沿领域等。《国际贸易:理论与政策》内容充实,深入浅出,每章都附有参考书和复习思考题,既可作为大专院校教材,又可供从事经济工作的人员自学和参考,也适合各类经理培训班和干部培训班作为参考书使用。
Catalogue

总序
前言
第一章 国际贸易概述
第一节 国际贸易的基本概念
第二节 国际贸易的产生与发展
第三节 国际贸易的分类与特点
第四节 国际贸易与经济发展的关系

第二章 国际分工
第一节 国际分工的形成与发展
第二节 国际分工的类型与作用
第三节 当代国际分工发展的新特点

第三章 世界市场
第一节 世界市场的形成与发展
第二节 当代世界市场的主要特征
第三节 世界市场价格

第四章 古典自由贸易理论
第一节 绝对成本论
第二节 比较成本论
第三节 相互需求论

第五章 现代自由贸易理论
第一节 资源赋予论
第二节 里昂惕夫反论
第三节 战后国际贸易理论的新发展

第六章 保护贸易理论
第一节 重商主义的贸易差额论
第二节 幼稚工业保护论
第三节 超保护贸易论
第四节 保护贸易新论
第五节 战略性贸易政策理论

第七章 关税措施
第一节 国际贸易政策概述
第二节 关税的一般分析
第三节 关税的分类
第四节 关税制度
第五节 关税的经济效应

第八章 非关税壁垒措施
第一节 非关税壁垒的一般分析
第二节 直接的非关税壁垒
第三节 间接的非关税壁垒

第九章 出口鼓励与出口管制措施
第一节 出口鼓励政策
第二节 经济特区措施
第三节 出口管制措施

第十章 国际服务贸易
第一节 国际服务贸易的含义及分类
第二节 国际服务贸易的发展格局
第三节 国际服务贸易多边协议及体制

第十一章 公司内国际贸易
第一节 跨国公司的经营特点
第二节 公司内国际贸易
第三节 跨国公司对当代国际贸易的影响

第十二章 区域经济一体化与国际贸易
第一节 区域经济一体化概述
第二节 区域经济一体化理论分析
第三节 区域经济一体化对国际贸易的影响
第四节 主要区域经济一体化集团的发展与实践

第十三章 世界贸易组织
第一节 关税与贸易总协定
第二节 世界贸易组织的建立与职能
第三节 世界贸易组织的基本原则
第四节 中国与世界贸易组织的关系

第十四章 国别贸易
第一节 美国的对外贸易
第二节 日本的对外贸易
第三节 欧盟的对外贸易
第四节 发展中国家的对外贸易

第十五章 国际贸易理论与政策前沿领域
第一节 国际贸易理论前沿
第二节 贸易与环境
第三节 贸易与知识产权保护
第四节 国际农产品贸易
第五节 区域贸易安排对多边贸易体制的挑战
Book Abstract

三、贸易额与贸易量
(一)贸易额
贸易额(Value of Trade)是以货币表示的一国的对外贸易值。一定时期内一国从国外进口的商品和劳务的全部价值,称为进口贸易总额或进口总额;一定时期内一国向国外出口的商品和劳务的全部价值,称为出口贸易总额或出口总额。两者相加为进出口贸易总额或进出口总额,是反映一国对外贸易规模的重要指标之一,一般都用本国货币表示。为了便于国际比较,许多国家又通行用美元计算。联合国编制和发表的世界各国贸易额的资料,是以美元表示的。
把世界上的所有国家的出口总额按同一货币单位换算后加在一起,即得国际贸易额。由于一国的出口就是另一国的进口,因此,从世界范围来看,所有国家进口的合计理应等于所有国家出口的合计。但是,由于各国一般都是按离岸价值(FOB,即启运港船上交货价,其中不包括保险费和运费)计算出口额,按到岸价值(CIF,即成本加保险费、运费)计算进口额,因此世界出口总额总是小于世界进口总额。
与一个国家的进出口总额不同,世界进出口总额没有任何独立的经济意义,因为它经过了重复计算。
(二)贸易量
贸易量(Quantum of Trade)是剔除了价格变动影响的对外贸易额。以货币表示的对外贸易额经常受到价格变动的影响,因而不能确切地反映一国对外贸易的实际规模。所以在实际工作中,往往要以固定年份为基期计算的进口或出口价格指数去除当时的进口额或出口额,得到相当于按不变价格计算的进口额或出口额,单纯反映对外贸易的量。
其计算公式为:进(出)口贸易量一进(出)口额÷进(出)口价格指数×100
四、贸易差额
贸易差额(Balance of Trade)指一定时期内一国出口贸易总额与进口贸易总额之间的差额。对外贸易差额用以表明一国对外贸易的收支状况,当出口总额超过进口总额时,称为对外贸易顺差,我国也称它为出超;当进口总额超过出口总额时,称为对外贸易逆差,我国也称为人超。通常对外贸易顺差以正数表示,对外贸易逆差以负数表示。如出口总额与进口总额相等,则称为对外贸易平衡。
Introduction

“21世纪国际经贸精品教材”是山东人民出版社精心打造的大学经济类学生的系列教科书。出版社的想法是,“这套教材既要成为大学本科和高职院校经济类学生的精品教材,又要成为其他各类人员自学国际经济与贸易的通俗读物”。这一要求看似简单,其实是很高的目标山东人民出版社的同志委托我牵头组织教材的编撰事宜,是对我的信任和重托,我十分感谢他们。但是,说实话,一开始对是否接受这一任务,我还是颇为踌躇的。一是因为现在市面上这类教材,虽然质量上良莠不齐,但数量上可谓汗牛充栋,再组织一套这类教材到底有无必要。二是因为要编写出一本理论性、实践性、前沿性、通俗性等等特质皆具的教材是一件十分困难的事情,何况还是一套系列教材。三是按目前各高校比较通行的人才评价体系,似乎编写教材是一件“机会成本”很高的事情,能否组织起一支优秀的学者队伍未可知中国世界经济学会山东省的三位常务理事卢新德教授、范爱军教授、李平教授及山东省各本科院校经济贸易类院、系诸位院长、系主任的积极加盟,使我树立了信心;特别是近几年国际经济理论的不断发展和国际经济实践的规则、程序等发生了很多变化,使我深深感到,把这些最新的理论和实践纳入教科书,系统的介绍给广大的莘莘学子,也是我们这些学人的责任人类社会在经历了一个多世纪的战争、危机、和平与发展之后,进入了以经济全球化日益发展和国际经贸活动日益深化为重要特征的新的时期。一是国际贸易成为国际交往中最活跃的活动之一,全球国际贸易的增长速度超过了世界生产的增长速度。虽然受到金融危机的影响,2008年全球商品出口仍然增长了15%达15.7 8万亿美元,服务出口亦增长11%达3.7 3万亿美元。国际贸易推动着市场的国际化,成为各国经济发展和世界经济增长的重要引擎;二是国际直接投资的迅速增长。国际直接投资是生产资本国际化的实现形式,体现了资本循环突破国界不断扩展的趋势。

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