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Jingdong book

剑桥欧洲经济史（第3卷）：中世纪的经济组织和经济政策

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Jingdong book

剑桥欧洲经济史（第3卷）：中世纪的经济组织和经济政策

Name: 剑桥欧洲经济史（第3卷）：中世纪的经济组织和经济政策
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110042421
Price: 38.55 USD
Availability: OutOfStock

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事实上这个计划在《剑桥欧洲经济史（第3卷）：中世纪的经济组织和经济政策》中圆满地完成了。读者会发现在本卷中有两类主要的篇章：一类与商业组织和颁布经济政策的组织的发展有关，例如城镇、行会、市场、集市以及商业公司；另一类则涉及城市、行会和国家政府的经济政策，以及税收、国家和城市的财政。关于经济思想的那一章概述了当时主导经济思想、并在某种程度上为政策制定者提供了指导目标和评判标准的种种理念。在这类篇章中，有些自然要处于核心位置。于是，黑伯特（Hibbert）先生的题目——《中世纪城镇政府的经济政策》——自然使他的篇章占据了有关城市机构和政策那部分的中心位置。同样，米勒先生撰写的关于国家政策的篇章——特别是他概述性的评论——被用于总结并统一与此题目有关的各部分稿件。在这一部分的准备阶段，米勒先生承担了马克。布洛克（Marc Bloch）在第一卷中扮演的角色——收集和编辑欧洲鼎盛时期有关农业经济的各种大小文章。

Catalogue

表目
第一部分经济组织
第一章城镇的兴起
1.1 概述
1.2 罗马帝国的遗产
1.3 新要塞
1.4 城市复兴前的商人阶级
1.5 商人在城镇中的永久害居
1.6 首批城镇的外形
1.7 资本的起源
1.8 个人在城镇中的地位
1.9 城镇土地状况
1.10 贸易城镇之外的其他类型城镇
1.11 城镇法规
1.12 城市贵族阶级
1.13 民主革命
1.14 城镇人口
1.15 结论
第二章贸易组织
2.1 概述
2.2 1300年以前的旅行贸易
2.3 14、15世纪的意大利霸权
2.4 汉萨同盟和英国贸易组织
第三章市场和集市
3.1 早期集市和市场
3.2 香巴尼和佛兰德斯的集市
3.3 沙隆、日内瓦和里昂的集市
3.4 德国、斯堪的纳维亚和布拉班特的集市
3.5 小规模集市和中世纪的结束

第二部分经济政策
第四章城镇的经济政策
剑桥大学讲师A.B.黑伯特
4.1 概述
4.2 恒因
4.2.1 保护贸易利益
4.2.2 保护消费者利益
4.3 变因
4.3.1 早期：“自由”和财政政策
4.3.2 13世纪：经济饱和与经济剥削
4.3.3 中世纪晚期：危机和措施
第五章行会
密歇根大学历史教授西尔维娅.L.思罗普
爱丽丝·费里曼·帕尔默
5.1 行会史问题
5.2 行会机构的发展
5.3 行会在地方贸易和产业中的经济权力
……

Book Abstract

随着加洛林王朝的垮台，这些政策也逐渐消失。到了10世纪，对高卢各类“国家”的政治、经济目标来说，这些政策似乎已经不合时宜了①。英国则更幸运一些，尽管海盗的入侵经常使其中断，但是到了10、11世纪，一个组织完备的、统一的王国已经建立起来，它的活动范围也扩展到了经济领域。贸易被限定在国家认可的城镇市场上进行，从而使国内贸易受到一定的控制；其目的或许是防止大众百姓偷盗货物或偷漏市场管理税，但是却建立了一定程度的政治秩序，最大的好处是实现了坐地经商。铸造钱币或多或少由皇室控制，在当时地方势力非常强大、中央铸币无法实现的情况下，增加铸币厂的数量对经济的复兴无疑是必要的。海外贸易也一定程度上受到国王的保护。在埃塞尔雷德二世（AethelredⅡ）统治时期，国王的商人在英国和当地商人享有同样的权利；在991年与奥拉夫一世（Olaf Tryggvason）签订的条约中，也写入了有关商业的条款；克努特确保自己的国民与意大利北部进行更便捷的贸易，这也使得前往罗马朝觐的道路更加多样化。或许同样是为了更多的贸易，根特的市民被批准使用伦敦港的码头设备，这与鲁昂人在唐各特（Dowgate）得到的保护类似。
有关这方面的例子即使加在一起也寥寥无几，它们缺乏连续性，推动它们的动机也极其复杂。通常，这种灵感并非来自经济上的周密分析，而是来自教会对统治者的影响，或者是出于他们发号施令的欲望，或者是他们觉得这样对政治上有好处。至于这些措施所能设想到的经济结果，只有两个动机显得较为重要。第一个动机与中世纪早期“国家”统治周期的特点紧密相连。国王和诸侯王们在一定程度上要依靠其统治的世俗和教会土地所有者在行动上给予支持。所获得的财富主要由土地所有者阶层和国王及其官员（他们通常得到提拔或者爬入土地所有者这个阶层）来进行配置，这使得他们成了奢侈品和必需品的最大消费者。因此贵族阶层的组织（它们是确保贵族财富和生活必需品的基础）在宫廷中都会找到一大群支持者；“消费者利益”（Consumer interest）-甚至是倾向于“铺张浪费”的消费利益——在这里所处的决定性地位，有助于说明政府对贸易和商人所持的态度。增加国内贸易的便利性，是为了处理领地上剩余的产品，同时也便于为皇室和贵族家庭提供供应；保护对外贸易或犹太人聚居区，则是为了确保丝绸、酒、香料等其他大庄园无法生产、贵族想得到的产品的供应。另一个动机更为直接：经济监管的权力能够产生可观的效益。
……

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