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Jingdong book

眼科屈光学（第4版）

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Jingdong book

眼科屈光学（第4版）

Name: 眼科屈光学（第4版）
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3117012961
Price: 48.45 USD
Availability: OutOfStock

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Content Description

本书为屈光学构建了一个科学的体系，对眼屈光学进行了系统而精当的阐述，对各种眼屈光不正的检查和诊治作了详细介绍，尤其对于近视眼的防治提出了具有科学根据的论点和较理想的防治途径。另外，对视力和立体视觉的检查及眼科屈光学的发展也都有精辟的论述。为使眼科屈光学这一眼科学中的基础知识能为广大读者看得懂、读得进、用得上，本书尽量减少光学中的公式运算和高深的理论探讨，力求采用文字描述，做到深人浅出，图文并茂。本书既可供眼科医师、验光师和视觉卫生工作者等专业人员阅读参考，也非常适合作为学习视光学知识的入门教材。

Author Description

徐广第，于1917年出生于山东临沂市，1945年毕业于国防医学院医科专业。首任上海第二军医大学眼科主治医师。首先设计了“标准近视力表”，并提出远和近视力互相对比用于眼科临床诊断，于1955年以“关于标准近视力表”发表于《中华眼科杂志》，并由中华眼科学会推荐为全国通用近视力表，于1957年由上海科学技术出版社出版。继之，于20世纪90年代又根据我国视力表设计标准改编后在全国推广。
于1958年调至军事医学科学院航空医学研究所工作。由于高空近视可使飞行员的飞行视力极度降低，即以视觉三联运动的理论，以看远的双眼合像视标放在飞机前玻璃板上．通过合像训练可使飞行员的高空视力恢复正常。于1980年调任放射医学研究所任研究员后，即参加我国眼科屈光学会和防治近视的培训工作。提出采用双眼合像法的理论研制成各种防近仪器在学校和社会上推广。

Catalogue

引言——眼科屈光学的发展
第一章光学基础
第二章人眼的屈光生理
第三章眼的生理性光学缺陷
第四章眼屈光正总论
第五章远视眼
第六章近视眼
第七章散光眼
第八章其他眼屈光不正
第九章眼的调节
第十章老视眼
第十一章眼的集合
第十二章视力及其检查法
第十三章立体视觉及其检查法
第十四章眼屈光的客观检查法
第十五章眼屈光的主观检查法
第十六章眼肌学概述
第十七章无晶状体眼及其光学矫正
第十八章眼镜光学
第十九章接触镜
第二十章被疲劳
第二十一章视觉卫生（环境因素）
第二十二章人眼屈光系统形成与演化
第二十三章眼屈光学问答
第二十四章参考资料
汉英名词索引
英汉名词索引
编后记
彩图

Book Abstract

第八节高度近视眼的并发症
高度近视眼最常见的并发症有视网膜裂孔、视网膜出血，以及范围或大或小的视网膜剥离。其视网膜剥离有时伴有外伤史，但多数剥离找不到诱发原因。这种剥离常常合并视网膜周边部的囊样变性病灶。由于玻璃体网状结构的牵引使之剥离。再者液化后的玻璃体渗入视网膜下面也可引起剥离。视网膜剥离之前常有闪光感觉，这是由于玻璃体的网状结构牵拉视网膜所引起的视网膜刺激现象。
除了视网膜剥离外，近视眼的最大危险是黄斑区变性，称为近视眼性脉络膜视网膜病（myopic choroidoretinopathy）。这种病过去称为近视性脉络膜视网膜炎，实际是变性，起初表现为视力减弱和视物变形，最终可导致中央视力完全丧失。
临床眼科医师都知道，近视眼者易患青光眼。但由于这种青光眼临床症状不明显，视功能降低又往往被高度近视眼的病变所掩盖，因而易被忽略。再者，高度近视眼的眼球壁变薄，如用希厄次眼压计（Schiotz’s tonometer）测量，其结果偏低，只有用压平眼压计测量时方可测得正常的眼内压，这也是过去未被重视的一个原因。有人用压平眼压计测量眼压证明，高度近视眼发生开角型青光眼的发病率比正常人高6～8倍。故在临床检查高度近视眼时，不可把病理性青光眼的视乳头凹陷误认为近视眼的视乳头凹陷，因而贻误治疗。
高度近视眼并发晶状体后极皮层混浊者亦多见。由于高度近视眼的色素上皮细胞发生病变后必然影响视细胞的光化学变化的反应过程，因而使其暗适应时间相应延长。
第九节近视眼的矫正和治疗
首先，从视力检查中把具有近视现象者，分清是真性近视还是假性近视，然后分别进行处理。本节只讲真性近视的矫正和治疗。
一、镜片矫正
至今仍认为镜片矫正是矫正真性近视的最好方法。在配镜之前，要先弄清真性近视的度数，尤其是对于青少年患者，不要被视力的假象所混淆，把假性近视当做真性近视用镜片来矫正。
用凹透镜矫正近视已为常规方法，但是否所有屈光不正的度数都要充分矫正，则颇有争议。过去认为，低度者应充分矫正，中度和高度者只作部分矫正。现在主张，对各种近视都要充分矫正。因为充分矫正后，不但能提高远视力，防止进行性近视的继续发展，还可防止外斜视。
低度和中度近视眼充分矫正后，不论看远还是看近，都乐于配戴。但有个别高度近视眼，由于戴了充分矫正的镜片，在看近处物体时，迫使患者使用调节（这是高度近视眼在戴镜前从未使用过的），而感到不舒适，因此不得不从看远的镜片中减去-1.5D～-2.0D。
近来，幼小动物实验证明，如果剥夺了正常的视觉信息，即只有光的刺激而无清晰影像落在视网膜上，受试动物可以发生实验性高度近视。故对中等度以上的近视患者，尤其幼儿患者，应当充分矫正。
……

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