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海报：

Contents
Unit 1 Language 6
Unit 2 Agriculture 22
Unit 3 Arts 38
Unit 4 Psychology 54
Unit 5 History 70
Unit 6 Biology 86
Unit 7 Sociology 102
Unit 8 Geology 118
Actual Test 134
Passage 1 Lascaux Cave Paintings 136
Passage 2 How Language Is Created 139
Passage 3 IQ vs. EQ 142
Passage 4 Acid Rain 145
Passage 5 Urbanization 148
Answer Keys 151

Practice 1
Warm Up
1. A baby's first word is usually the one that is the easiest to pronounce. What is most likely to be a baby's first word in an English-speaking country? Choose one from the list.
? mama ? father ? banana ? piano ? Mother
Read the Passage
Language Learning
How do babies learn to speak? Babies pay attention to the speech they hear around them before they can speak. Young babies respond to the sound of the human voice differently to other sounds. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell. Very soon, the differences in adults' voices can influence babies' emotions. Long before they can understand language, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry. By twelve months old, babies can produce single words such as mommy or daddy. Then, they may copy short phrases. They also learn to use the same words or phrases for different purposes. For instance, "Mommy drink" might mean "Mommy is drinking" or "Mommy, I want your drink". At around age three, many toddlers can speak complete sentences. Adults also exaggerate their speech so that babies can pick up a language easily. This is often called "baby talk". Baby talk is different from the way adults speak to each other. For example, when mothers talk to babies, they speak louder and slower. Mothers also use short, simple words or sentences with a highpitched soft tone of voice. Baby talk is more effective than normal speech to get a baby's attention. Studies have shown that babies prefer to listen to baby talk.
Target TOEFL iBT Questions
1 The word influence in the passage is closest in meaning to
A affect B encourage C touch
2 The word sense in the passage is closest in meaning to
A observe B feel C remember
3 The word purposes in the passage is closest in meaning to
A ideas B reasons C conditions
4 The word they in the passage refers to
A adults B mothers C babies
TOEFL iBT Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.
1. v. to react, to reply
2. v. to imitate, to do something the way others do
3. adj. full, including all details
4. v. to overstate, to make something greater than it really is
5. n. a young child
?respond ? complete ? toddler ? exaggerate ?copy
Wrap Up
A. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words.
?copying ? exaggerate ? toddler ?responded ? complete
1 The campaign tends to the negative effects of secondhand smoke.
2 A is a young child between the ages of one to three years old.
3 The company quickly to the customer's complaints.
4 Children learn by adults' behavior.
5 The story was finally presented in its form.
B. Paragraph 1: Number the sentences in the correct order.
Paragraph 2: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.
Paragraph 1: How do babies learn to speak?
1.Babies pay attention to the speech they hear around them.
Babies copy short phrases.
Babies can speak complete sentences.
The differences in adults' voices influence babies' emotions.
Babies can produce single words.
Paragraph 2: Baby talk
Adults their speech: They speak and slower using short, simple words or sentences with a soft tone of voice. Baby talk may help a child pick up a language quickly.
……

Introduction to TOEFL iBT
TOEFL iBT (internet-based TOEFL) is designed to measure how well non-native speakers of English read, listen, speak, and write in English. The test has four sections: reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Each section of the test is worth 30 points and the highest possible score on the iBT is 120 points (30 points x 4 sections). Most questions are worth 1 point each, but some of the questions in each section are worth more than 2 points.
For more information, visit the ETS website (www.ets.org).
Reading Section
(1) About the passages
In the reading section, test takers will be asked to read 3 or 5 passages. Each passage consists of 600~700 words. The test time differs according to the number of the passages given.
The passage types are:
Exposition: a type of writing that gives information about a topic
Argumentation: a type of writing that develops a topic in a persuasive or logical way
Narrative: a type of writing that describes a historical or biographical event
(2) About the questions
Each passage includes 12~14 questions. The questions test a student's ability in the following areas:
Basic comprehension: understanding vocabulary or sentence, analysing pronoun usage, identifying true or false information
Reading to Learn: categorizing, summarizing
Inferring: realizing what the writer implys, recognizing the writer's purpose
To test these areas, 10 question types are used in the TOEFL iBT reading section.
Winning TOEFL Reading
It has eight units and each unit includes four passages. This book is for students who are at the beginner level, so the passages are shorter (200 words on average) and easier than the original passages seen on the actual TOEFL.
Each unit consists of:
Introduction Practice 1, 2 Test 1, 2
Each section has the following subsections.
Introduction
(1) Search! Search!
Students are encouraged to find some information about the topics on the cover page of each unit using the Internet. This part will give students the opportunity to become familiar with the topics before they actually read the passages in the Practice and Test section of each unit.
(2) Target TOEFL iBT questions
This part introduces one or two of the TOEFL iBT question types. Each unit focuses on the following TOEFL iBT question types:
The question types introduced in this part will be practiced repetitively in the following subsections of each unit.
Practice 1, 2
(1) Warm Up
This part functions as a pre-reading activity. Students are required to reflect on their prior knowledge of the topic by answering the questions. They are also asked to guess what the passage is about using the words on the list. This section will help students practice essential pre-reading skills such as skimming and scanning.
(2) Read the passage
This section provides a passage (about 200 words) for reading. Students are encouraged to reduce their reading time by keeping track of it.
(3) Target TOEFL iBT Questions
In this part, students can practice the target question types that they were introduced to at the beginning of each unit.
(4) TOEFL iBT Vocabulary
This section lists essential expressions that appear in the passage. Students are asked to match the target words with their correct meanings.
(5) Wrap Up
In this section, students can review the expressions introduced in the TOEFL iBT Vocabulary section. This section also provides a summary of the passage. Students can check their overall understanding of the passage by figuring out the main ideas and the organization of the passage.
Test 1, 2
This section introduces two passages that include various kinds of TOEFL iBT questions. Students can check their comprehension with these questions. Following Unit 8, an actual test is provided.
Actual Test
Five passages are provided as an actual test. Students will be able to check their overall understanding of many TOEFL iBT questions that they were introduced to in the previous units. The five passages contain more expressions and are slightly more difficult than the passages in each unit.