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Jingdong book

艺术:让人成为人(人文学通识)(第8版)

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Content Description

《艺术:让人成为人》旨在介绍人文学带给我们的喜悦。一直以来,我们的目标就是交流我们对于作为心智与情感体验的人文学所怀有的热情。藉由了解各种创造性艺术并学习对它们进行批判性思考,你会更好地了解自身以及你生活于其中的世界。
《艺术:让人成为人》讲述的是历史上以及世界许多文化中的人文学所取得的杰出成就。我们感激过去所取得的成就,这是因为与我们非常相近的人过去存在过,他们说过的话和做过的事可以帮助我们理解今天。我们会继续发现新的原因去体验喜悦,并在过去的、现在的、西方的、非西方的、男人的、女人的,以及在不同种族文化的作品中所体现出的感受力中得到新的激励。
这《艺术:让人成为人(人文学通识)(第8版)》从第1版面世至今一直广受欢迎,因为人文学是活着的,并将永远活着,而且作为我们日常生活的一部分,它必定会成长和变化。现在的这一版包括一些重要的修订,这对于我们保持以一种特殊的方式走进入文学是至为重要的。

Author Description

理查德·加纳罗曾受教于哈佛大学等著名学府,攻戏剧、文学和教育心理学。在综合性教育发展的早期历史中,加纳罗非常活跃。他曾帮助过迈阿密大学和迈阿密-戴德社区学院两所学校发展了人文学项目,并教授人文学和戏剧等科目长达21年之久。加纳罗还为纪录片《艺术:让人成为人》写过30集剧本。

特尔玛·阿特休勒教授曾修过英语、历史、文学、戏剧和电影传播等专业方向。她的主要兴趣集中在采用综合性、交叉学科以及个性化的方法给荣誉班级和普通班级的学生讲授人文学。在教学时,阿特休勒教授强调使用具体事例来讨论伦理问题。阿特休勒教授是首位荣获迈阿密—戴德社区学院资助的人文学教授。

Catalogue

艺术:是个问题(朱青生)
前言
第一部分 人文学和你
第一章 人文学和你
第二章 神话与人文学的起源
第三章 人文学的斗争
第二部分 人文学科
第四章 文学
第五章 美术
第六章 音乐
第七章 戏剧
第八章 歌曲和舞蹈
第九章 电影
第三部分 人文学主题
第十章 宗教
第十一章 道德
第十二章 幸福
第十三章 爱
第十四章 生死观
第十五章 自由
章末注释
人文学:告慰良知的乡愁
第8版译后记
Book Abstract

第二章神话与人文学的起源
神话学对于人文学各门学科的学习而言乃是一个恰当的先导。对于我们大部分人来说,童话故事中讲述的神话是我们与想象世界的第一次邂逅。大多数“儿童”文学,比如哈利·波特作品系列以及《指环王》三部曲都包含神话特征。神话(有时又称寓言)不只是为了娱乐和消遣的简单故事。它们还是世界各地的人最基本的艺术表达方式。神话包含民间智慧以及人类所领悟到的真理。它们揭示着人类的希望和恐惧。假如人类及其珍贵的艺术及哲学财富突然一并消失而只留下神话,那么,未来的人类在探寻先祖足迹的过程中如果发现到我们的神话,他们就可以从中找到线索,对我们的形象构筑出相当精准的描述。
我们每个人都有自己的神话,这也许是因为随着我们的成长和成熟,随着我们的老去,我们从来都不曾丢掉自己的那颗赤子童心。当一个神秘的声音把我们从睡梦中惊醒时,我们需要一束夜光的抚慰,需要身边爱人的温暖。我们是否成熟得不再需要被人拥抱、被人爱护?许多世界神话故事都是关于爱的找寻。有时,它们讲述失去的爱,因为在我们生活中这样的事情经常发生。神话是从人们心底里、从人的灵魂中自然地涌流出来的故事和诗,它从我们的孩提时代开始就一直陪伴着我们,并会在深度和广度上有所发展。神话里常常充满暴力,有时还会讲到使生存变得痛苦的激烈冲突:光荣的战争、争权夺势的斗争和权力导致的腐败。它们表现的是弱者在极为不利的情势下取得的胜利。查尔斯·狄更斯笔下的奥利佛·特维斯特和大卫·科波菲尔都是弱者的神话英雄,而洛基·巴博则是这种英雄的成人代表。甚至连哈利·波特,这个最初被冷漠的婶婶和叔叔关在地下室的孤儿,都会由一个弱者变成一个魔法师。
诗人、讲故事的人、艺术家、作曲家和剧作家——所有那些在他们的成熟期为我们提供优美的语言、形象和声音的人,在他们内心中的某个地方都会潜藏那颗赤子童心,这可以解释为什么有那么多文学、视觉艺术、音乐和戏剧作品或以神话为素材,或包含神话成分:反复在神话中出现人类持续关注的主题、象征和人物。这些成分有时是刻意的,有时不是;有时它们会从潜意识中找到自己的出路,进入到一部小说或戏剧作品的情节之中,进入到一幅绘画作品的主题之中,甚或是进入到作曲家储存起来、但从来都不曾真正遗忘的那些旋律之中,那些表达爱、平安或寂寞或愤怒的旋律之中。
在本章中,我们将探讨一些与我们所有人相伴的重要神话,人文学中无疑有许多这样的神话。不过,首先我们要澄清一些常见的对于神话的误解。正如人们通常用“悲剧性”一词误指任何不幸的故事,人们常将神话定义为任何不真实的故事。可是,神话并非谎言。事实上,它可以是一个深刻的心理——即便不是历史的——真理。它可以不必拘限于过去,尽管神话学家约瑟夫·坎贝尔把一些神话的历史上溯了到尼安德特人时代(至少5万年以前)。新神话总在不断出现:有时在文学中,有时则在电影或电视中。
神话同样也是日常生活的一部分,它把光荣赠给某些我们愿意予以认同的人:一个变成了公主的“灰姑娘”;一个创下本垒打记录的棒球运动员;一个舍身于危难之中、成功营救被保护人的保镖。
每一种文化都有它自己的神话,并对我们产生影响。各种文化背景下的神话间有惊人的相似处,虽然它们之间即便有联系,但也不大可能有太多关联。
希腊神话强烈地影响了西方人的心灵。荷马史诗《伊利昂纪》和《奥德赛》中的英雄、神以及半神半人正如在《布尔芬奇神话》一书中所讲述的那样,对希腊文化产生了巨大影响,而这种影响又继而影响了我们对勇敢、爱、善恶之争、管理社会的方式、人的傲慢所带来的致命后果等问题的看法。

……

Introduction

有问:人何时成其为人?
答日:无从考证,只凭自省。只要是一个人,沉思反省,可以上达千古之边界,那里,人成其为人。沉思和反省可以通达之处,则为人文。不能逾越的边界即是非人的暗昧分界,人不能体验存在,也不能形容生命,因为人的问题,不能分享于动物,更不能穿透物性。人文越过与物质和动物的本性的界限开始,因此,人非草木,人非禽兽。
同样的问题,在欧洲反复诘问,营造成人文主义的故乡,流溢西方,影响中国。反复诘问的后果,人的品质由于人性的分层而界定,即作为物质的存在(有如山石),作为生命之生物(有如鸟兽),作为生活之常人(有如众生)和作为精神之学者(真正的人之谓也,非指如今意义上的知识分子和专家)。山石鸟虫不能自言,任人评说借喻;而从常人到一个有教养的人,则是人与人的高下之别,被当作人可以成其为完人的愿望和指向,也是人生的幸福的最终归结。引人离开物性,脱出兽性,超越欲念而趋向高明的所有道路,就是所谓人文;修养和培育人文的方法和方式即是艺术;而对方法的分类和建造则是人文学科,而对人文学科的理性的研究和验证就是人文科学。
所以,在这本书中,艺术泛指人文,也可以写为复数(Arts)。人文学科与人文科学的全部范畴合称人文学(Humanities)。其中包括历史、哲学和艺术(含文学)。
但是这基于一个美好的愿望!在现代化过程中,人的问题非但无从改进,而是更为落拓。在一个传统的社会,体制和教条逼迫人们向某种人道的方向演进,无论以多少自由和平等丧失作为代价,不惜进行思想钳制和肉体惩戒。把人类的文明很长的历程变成一段世俗和精神君王们统治和争斗的历史。现代化使每个人具有自己的基本权利的同时,人是否有选择不受人文和反对艺术的自由?在日常生活中苦苦挣扎的众生和理想高远、素质超绝的精英是否可以要求并得到平等的尊严和权力?因此我就经历过学生家长不止一次的质问:“我的孩子如此优秀为什么你们不让他学经济和管理,却要他学文史哲?”
而现代化造成的分工和压力,使人更趋向于消费和娱乐。艺术作为人文的方法和方式既可以引人趋向高尚,也可以倒过来诱人坠人沉沦。一个文化产业管理教授坦承,从业者大都是从人性的弱点下手,来组织生产和营销对精神造成安慰和迷幻的产品以获取利润。看看每个得了网瘾的孩子父母无助而焦虑的眼神,映照的何止是“艺术”对少年的诱拐?也包括娱乐游戏对人间的玷染。一个沉湎于网吧娱乐的人,也正是顺着音乐、戏剧、电影、电视、艺术等的活动正脱开高明,趋向欲念,不离兽性,接近物性。文化不可能必然地趋向文明,在一片权术和利益的江湖,“文化”就会反过来造成铁石心肠(人性的最低一等——物性存在)和衣冠禽兽(人性的倒数第二等——生命存活)。
幸亏,还有这样的书。它的副标题明示Human(人)。不是作为活着的人,而是作为人文的人。中译为“让人成为人”。正在加强一种警示和呼唤,人本来不是“人”,只有透过修养和教育,经由艺术和人文,方能成其为真正的人。只是艺术到底使人往上,还是往下,这的确还是一个问题!
2007年9月9日
为本书重印序





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About the brand

Jingdong book