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Jingdong book

匿名的风景「豆瓣评分9.8」从摄影到艺术[知乎出品]

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匿名的风景「豆瓣评分9.8」从摄影到艺术[知乎出品]

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1、作者是知乎30万关注者追看的“艺术与摄影话题优秀回答者”王天羲。 个人摄影作品收录于世界主流摄影杂志、媒体,曾在知乎出版电子书《什么才是好照片》,超过40000人购买阅读。


2、当代摄影大师作品全解析,一本书理解当代顶级摄影大师作品。 大师作品为何可以成为流行经典,又为何屡屡在拍卖市场拍出天价!古斯基的作品《莱茵河2号》为何拍出433万美元的天价?当红摄影师杉本博司、深濑昌久、山本昌男如何在当代艺术品收藏领域人人追捧风光无限?


3、现代摄影理论,深度剖析当下网红审美,观点辛辣,直击摄影本质,为你的审美体验和摄影创作赋能。 审美实际上是指一种能力,是把艺术当作艺术的能力,也是欣赏和感受的能力,是我们观看一件作品时察觉问题和分析问题的能力。

Content Description

这是一本关于摄影思考的杂记,也是一本烧脑的沉思录。这本书中试图讨论三件事:一是摄影的意义与目的;二是从“糖水片”这个现象出发去观察当下摄影的发展;三是摄影当下的状态与正在发生的变化。


这本书没有谈论任何关于软件或者硬件的技术方面的内容,因为还有一些远比技术更加有趣和复杂的问题值得去探讨。因为摄影最重要的和爱好者们最缺乏的恰恰不是技术,而是对摄影的理 解。书中内容会引导读者去无限逼近摄影艺术的本质问题,让摄影爱好者们重新开始思考:我为什么要摄影?进而向前走一步:探讨一幅“好看”的照片和一幅“好”照片之间的区别究竟是什么。

Author Description

王天羲是一名以摄影为主要媒介的艺术工作者。

他以“Timothy Wang”和“Tianxi”为昵称在知乎写作,并获得“知乎艺术与摄影话题优秀回答 者”、“第五届盐Club荣誉会员”称号,在知乎拥有 30 w +关注者。

在知乎著有电子书《什么才是好照片》,超过 40000人阅读。

他工作、学习和生活于中国和美国,作品聚焦于富含隐喻的小型景观,或是探索边缘环境的生活方式。曾获Voies off、PDNedu等奖项。作品散见于 Aint-bad, Fotoroom,Paper Journal等 国际摄影杂志,亦可见于《数码摄影》、《摄影之友》等国内摄 影杂志。

Catalogue

序 page · 1

为什么拍照page · 1

糖水片与当代的媚俗文化page · 11

光的容器page · 45

从海景出发page · 57

彩色与黑白page · 67

反对构图page · 95

新风景与新地形page · 111

资本与摄影page · 119

技术还是艺术page · 127

美术与艺术page · 137

纪实的终结page · 143

真实、真相与真理page · 153

照片的流与符号page · 163

什么才是好照片page · 169

模仿、临摹和抄袭page · 199

反对概念page · 203

Book Abstract

如果把摄影比喻为烹饪,那么糖水片就像是快餐厅重油、盐、大把味精的食物。对于餐饮来说,过多的调料与味精是行业内的恶性竞争,最终坚持保持食材原味的餐厅就会因为味道清淡,不能带来冲击和刺激而失去顾客。于是演变出一种劣币驱逐良币式绑架——如果不放味精,那么就只能亏本。对于摄影,糖水片可能还算不上灾难,但也许我们可以将它看作一种文化污染,同样会造成劣币驱逐良币的后果。对于很多爱好者,在短期内拒绝拍摄糖水片意味着可能在相当长的一段时间里难以获得关注和认同,也意味着获得创作上的自信会变得更难,如果能做到毫不在意社交网络上的赞数,只是享受创作的过程和自己的作品,就会进入一种非常好的创作状态。不过,这样不忘初心的人如今真是越来越少了。

对观众来说,这种文化污染会掠夺思考和感受能力。盲目追求视觉暴力的结果是对周围事物的感知能力慢慢变得迟钝——沉浸在不真实的快感中慢慢失去知觉,麻木无比。就像偶像剧和肥皂剧带给人们的不真实感,就像那些看多了韩剧的人,趾高气扬地对于平凡的爱情不屑一顾。

另外,糖水片拥有商品的特质。“商品的拜物教原理,即通过‘可感觉而又超感觉的物’而进行的社会统治。这种统治绝对只能在景观中实现,在景观中,感性世界已经被人们选择的凌驾于世界之上的图像所代替,与此同时,这些图像又迫使人们承认它们是极佳的感性。”“景观让人们看到的是一个既在场又不在场的世界,这是一个商品的世界,它统治着所有被经历的东西。”

的确,我们可能看了太多的糖水片,以至于真实的自然和风景已经对我们毫无触动了。我们可能因为看到一张照片而去了它的拍摄地,最终发现真实的风景居然如此平淡,发现这种旅行只不过是对一些照片的证伪。如果无法逃离这种圈套,那么我们终将对所有的天然景观感到麻木。而这种麻木只是现代社会的各种麻木中的一种。

但这种问题不仅出现在摄影爱好者当中,艺术家如果松懈下来,也会变得媚俗。一个懒惰的艺术家容易走进重复已有形式的陷阱当中去,从而让自己变成同质化的一个牺牲品。

糖水片也具有掠夺、诱拐的特质。正如苏珊·桑塔格在《论摄影》中所说:“人们终于学会了更多地使用照相机,少用枪支来演示其侵犯行为,代价则是有了一个充斥着更多形象的世界。人们玩味的内容由子弹转向了胶卷,其中的情景之一就是正在取代东非打猎的东非野生动物摄影旅行。猎人们用哈苏照相机取代了温切斯特来复枪。他们不再通过枪上的瞄准镜来观察对象,而是通过取景框来构思照片。”在工具的进化与文明的前行中,猎人们放下了枪支,转而使用镜头进行捕猎。镜头对准的对象,折射了他们的诉求与欲望。除了拍摄野生动物,风景、植物、面容姣好的女性也是爱好者们常常拍摄的内容。在最初的动机上,这些拍摄似乎没什么毛病,你可以认为这是对美的一种简单的追求。拍摄一朵花,大多数人也许单纯是觉得鲜花具有美感。这一点看起来没什么问题,但当这些照片被以各种动机展示,潜在的问题就被放大了。

社交媒体充当了作品展示的主要渠道和催化剂。社交媒体的一个独特行为就是“赞”。对于摄影来说,这是观众和摄影师共同制造的一个民主现象,因为它建立在投票的基础上。但双方都对“赞”本身产生了误会,这种误会是:把意见当作了真理。“赞”是一种来自观众(或者说网民)的意见,赞的数量是由观众投票产生的,但是,这种投票的结果并不能等同于真理。而当下互联网非常畸形的一个现象是,总是会把意见当作真理,即把赞数奉为圭臬。这从根本上解释了为什么野蛮的互联网环境中会出现媚俗文化横行的现象。

另一方面,“赞”又可以等同于一种无形的网络资产,它意味着流量,而流量则对应着潜在的话语权和利益。为了获得这种资产,一些人不择手段地去刺激观众。对观众来说,长期遭受这种刺激是一种精神损失,也就是感官能力和思考能力的损失。

已经有一些社交媒体开始意识到这种畸形现象的存在。比如,Instagram在2019年取消了显示“赞”的数量,因为运营者开始发现“唯赞是图”的错误——引人注目的点赞数和关注者数量教唆人们将社交平台作为竞技场。

不仅仅是摄影,几乎所有形式的文化传播都存在这种问题。我们不断地注意到现在的观众越来越难以接受慢节奏的法国电影,难以接受严肃的古典音乐,或者难以接受严肃的文学。相反,大家对于爽片、肥皂剧,对于网络音乐和网络小说表现得喜闻乐见,这种现象的原因是对快速强烈刺激的成瘾。在生活中,这种刺激也不断地弥漫,就像我们已经习惯了快递,习惯了叫外卖。我们没有耐心等待,也没有耐心思考,仿佛凡事最好都能即刻完成。

因此,对观众来说,的确应该反对各种形式的糖水片,以抵抗这些内容在精神层面造成的侵蚀。同样也是在反对它背后对即刻快感的成瘾。

而对于摄影师,有人期望通过自己的照片获得回报,这种回报包括正面的评价、掌声甚至是名望和利益,因此他们需要拿出比同行的作品更吸引眼球的照片。先进的工具,譬如更好的相机和镜头已经越来越不能满足这种需求,于是越来越多为了吸引眼球而存在的场景或形象通过后期的方式——即技术处理的方式被捏造出来,之所以说是捏造,是因为这类作品唯一的目的就是吸引眼球,而不是表达。

罗兰·巴特在《明室》中谈到:“业余爱好者通常被说成是不成熟的艺术家:一个不能或者不愿上升到专业水平的人。但是在摄影活动的领域里却恰恰相反,达到专业顶峰的往往是业余爱好者,离摄影本质最近的却是没有上升到专业水平的人。” 这听起来有点别扭,简单地说,真正善于摄影的人并不在意摄影工具本身,而是更关注表达是否有效。业余爱好者则更容易成为工具的专家,而实际情况却可能是,大多数人沦为了工具和技术的奴隶。许多爱好者在技术上通过各种方式做出努力,最终达到了顶峰:使用最先进的相机系统,花费重金从一些职业摄影师那里学习让人眼花缭乱的后期技术。众多爱好者奉行这样的道路,但只有其中一小部分在技术上做到了顶尖。然而,他们留下的作品供人观赏之后,却只能留下“好看”这样简短而乏味的评论,除此之外,别无他物。这种对于技术的执念颇有一种走火入魔的感觉——他们在追求技术的过程中,丢失了初衷。

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About the brand

Jingdong book