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Jingdong book

管理行为（珍藏版）

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Jingdong book

管理行为（珍藏版）

Name: 管理行为（珍藏版）
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3102009691
Price: 32.01 USD
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Content Description

作为决策理论学派的代表人物，西蒙最重要的作品便是这部《管理行为》。决策制定的过程是组织和管理的核心内容，西蒙在此方面的研究具有开创性，并因此获得诺贝尔经济学奖。
《管理行为（珍藏版）》主要包含两方面的内容：“有限理性”和“满意解”——现实生活中的决策判断取决于有限理性，在这种条件下，人们寻求的是满意解，而非优解。
决策过程理论——组织内部的活动分为经常性（程序化决策）和非经常性（非程序化决策），而经常性活动具有共同的决策过程。

Author Description

赫伯特A.西蒙，是一位因管理方面的研究获得诺贝尔经济学奖的人。他在管理学、经济学、组织行为学、心理学、政治学、社会学、计算机科学等方面都有较深的造诣。
西蒙曾任美国伊利诺伊理工学院教授，自1949年开始，他在卡内基-梅隆大学担任计算机科学与心理学教授。1975年，他荣获图灵奖——计算机科学很高奖；1978年，他荣获诺贝尔经济学奖。
2001年，西蒙去世，享年85岁。
他的主要著作有：《管理行为》、《公共管理》（与史密斯伯格等人合写）、《组织》（与马奇合写）、《经济学和行为科学中的决策理论》、《管理决策的新科学》、《我生活中的方方面面》等。

Catalogue

第1章决策制定和管理型组织
评论与延伸

第2章管理理论的某些问题
评论与延伸

第3章决策的事实要素与价值要素
评论与延伸

第4章管理行为中的理性
评论与延伸

第5章管理决策心理学
评论与延伸

第6章组织的均衡
评论与延伸

第7章权威的角色
评论与延伸

第8章沟通
评论与延伸

第9章效率准则
评论与延伸

第10章忠诚与组织认同
评论与延伸

第11章组织的剖析
评论与延伸
附录什么是管理科学
译者后记

Book Abstract

人们通常将管理当成“完成任务”的艺术来讨论。这种管理思路强调的是保证行动深入开展的过程和方法。设定管理原则的目的是为了让团队成员采取协调一致的行动。但是，所有的相关讨论中，都不太关注采取行动之前的抉择问题，也就是在实际执行之前决定要做什么事情。本书主要是围绕导致行动的抉择过程这个研究课题展开的。在本章，我们先提出这个研究课题，并概述其余各章将深入探讨的主题。

虽然任何实践活动都包含“决策”和“执行”，但是“管理理论应该两者兼顾”的观点却没有得到大家的普遍认可。’这种忽视，可能源于决策行为仅限于明确制定总方针的观念。但是事实刚好相反，组织的总目标确定后，决策过程并没有结束。“决策”工作同“执行”工作一样渗透到整个管理型组织中，事实上这两者紧密相连，缺一不可。因此一般管理理论既要包括保证决策正确制定的组织原则，又要包括保证决策有效执行的组织原则。

决策制定和决策执行

显然，执行组织目标的实际任务总是落在最低管理层级的人身上。制造实体汽车的不是工程师或经理，而是装配工人；灭火的不是消防队大队长，而是那一队手持高压水龙头的消防员。

同样，高于最低管理层级（也称为操作层级）的人员也并非多余，他们在实现组织目标的过程中也发挥重要作用。说到具体的因果关系，纵然开枪打仗的是士兵而非军官，但是军官对战斗结果的影响可能比任何单个士兵都大。

那么，组织的管理和监督人员如何影响该组织的运作呢？一个管理型组织中的非操作人员通过影响最低管理层级的操作人员的决策，来参与实现组织目标。军官通过指挥士兵的行动来影响战斗的结果。他通过战场上的兵力部署和具体任务的指派，来决定士兵所处的方位和目标。在小型组织中，所有监督人员都可能对操作人员产生直接的影响，但是无论大小，任何组织都在高层监督人员和操作人员之间插入了几层中问监督人员，他们受到上层的影响，并且对这些影响进行传输、详细描述和修改，再下达给操作人员。

如果以上正确描述了管理过程，那么建设有效的管理型组织就是一个社会心理学范畴的问题。其任务就是组织起各个操作人员，并在操作人员之上添加监督人员，他们能够影响整个操作团队的行动，使之产生一种协调一致的有效行动模式。这里使用“影响”而不是“指导”，是因为指导，也就是管理权威的使用，只是管理人员影响操作人员决策的几种方式中的一种；所以管理型组织的建设不仅仅包括职能安排和职权分配。

在组织的研究中，操作人员必须是关注的焦点，因为组织机构成功与否是通过操作人员在组织中的表现来判断的。分析组织和组织内部其他因素如何影响这类职员的决策和行为，是我们洞察组织结构和组织职能的最佳途径。

选择与行为

所有行为都是从行动者及其可以施加影响和权威的人可能采取的所有行动方案中，有意无意地选择特定行动的过程。这里的“选择”没有任何有意识或特意挑选的意思，只是指出一个事实，如果个人采取某种特定的行动方案，必定要放弃其他的行动方案。在很多情况下，选择过程只是一种既定的反射行为，比方说，打字员用某个手指敲击特定键，只是因为在打印字母和特定键之间已经建立了一种反射关系。所以这种动作至少从某种意义上来说是理性的，也就是以目标为导向的，但是不包括任何有意识或刻意的成分。

在其他一些情形下，选择本身就是称为“规划”或“设计”的一系列复杂行为的产物。比方说，一个工程师可能在广泛分析的基础上断定，某座桥应该采用悬臂式设计。他的设计方案通过对该桥结构的详细计划得以进一步实施，最终导致该桥梁建造者的一整套行为。

本书将举出各类选择过程的多个例子。所有例子都具备以下的共同特征：任何时刻都存在大量可能的备选行动方案，特定个人都会采取其中某一种行动；通过某种过程逐渐缩小备选方案的范围，最终剩下一个实际采纳的方案。在本书中，“选择”和“决策”可以相互替换使用，都表示上述的过程。由于这两个词一般有自觉的、刻意的和理性选择的含义，所以我们强调指出，任何选择过程无论自觉、刻意和理性的成分达到何种程度，这里都用这两个词表示。

……

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