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Jingdong book

跟大师学国学：词学通论

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Jingdong book

跟大师学国学：词学通论

Name: 跟大师学国学：词学通论
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3105011681
Price: 23.15 USD
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《跟大师学国学：词学通论》是一代词曲大师吴梅先生介绍词学基本知识及词学发展史的经典作品。吴梅先生系统地介绍了词与音乐的关系、词的作法以及历代代表性词人词作，并对唐五代至清季词学的源流传承和诸大家词作的利病得失做了精当的点评。此次出版，除核改部分知识性错误外，亦对标点符号做了认真校订，希望能为读者朋友提供一册较佳的词学知识读本。

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吴梅专究南北曲，制谱、填词、按拍，一身兼擅，晚近无第二人也。
——词学名家龙榆生

近代治曲学的，有两大家，一王国维，一吴梅。一般人大都以词与曲并举，吴梅论词与曲的演变，非常精细……讲得头头是道。
——掌故名家郑逸梅

吴梅不但会评词，而且会填词，对词的外部规律与内部机制，皆着力探讨，而且又很熟悉。不仅对词，对诗、对曲，他也无所不窥，无不精通。因此，他研究起词来，便能左右逢源，触类旁通，能发前人所未发，成一家之言。
——当代学者徐培均

Catalogue

第一章绪论
第二章论平仄四声
第三章论韵
第四章论音律
第五章作法
第六章概论一唐五代
第七章概论二两宋
第八章概论三金元
第九章概论四明清

Book Abstract

词之为学，意内言外。发始于唐，滋衍于五代，而造极于两宋。调有定格，字有定音，实为乐府之遗，故日诗余。惟齐梁以来，乐府之音节已亡，而一时君臣，尤喜别翻新调。如梁武帝之《江南弄》、陈后主之《玉树后庭花》、沈约之《六忆诗》，已为此事之滥觞。唐人以诗为乐，七言律绝，皆付乐章。至玄肃之间，词体始定。李白《忆秦娥》、张志和《渔歌子》，其最著也。或谓词破五七言绝句为之，如《菩萨蛮》是。又谓词之《瑞鹧鸪》即七律体，《玉楼春》即七古体，《杨柳枝》即七绝体，欲实诗余之名，殊非确论。盖开元全盛之时，即词学权舆之日。“旗亭”“ 画壁”，本属歌诗；“陵阙”“西风”，亦承乐府。强分后先，终归臆断。自是以后，香山、梦得、仲初、幼公之伦，竞相藻饰，《调笑》转应之曲，《江南》春去之词，上拟清商，亦无多让。及飞卿出而词格始成，《握兰》、《金荃》，远接《骚》、《辨》，变南朝之宫体，扬北部之新声。于是皇甫松、郑梦复、司空图、韩偓、张曙之徒，一时云起。“杨柳大堤”之句、“芙蓉曲渚”之篇，自出机杼，彬彬称盛矣。作词之难，在上不似诗，下不类曲，不淄不磷，立于二者之间，要须辨其气韵。大抵空疏者作词，易近于曲；博雅者填词，不离乎诗。浅者深之，高者下之，处于才不才之间，斯词之三昧得矣。惟词中各牌，有与诗无异者。如《生查子》，何殊于五绝；《小秦王》、《八拍蛮》、《阿那曲》，何殊于七绝。此等词颇难着笔，又须多读古人旧作，得其气味，去诗中习见辞语，便可避去。至于南北曲，与词格不甚相远，而欲求别于曲，亦较诗为难。但曲之长处，在雅俗互陈，又熟谙元人方言，不必以藻缋为能也。词则曲中俗字，如“你我”、“这厢”、“那厢”之类，固不可用，即衬贴字，如“虽则是”、“却原来”等，亦当舍去。而最难之处，在上三下四对旬。如史邦卿“春雨”词云：“惊粉重、蝶宿西园，喜泥润、燕归南浦。”又：“临断岸、新绿生时，是落红、带愁流处。”此词中妙语也。汤临川《还魂》云：“他还有念老夫诗句男儿，俺则有学母氏画眉娇女。”又：“没乱里春情难遣，蓦忽地怀人幽怨。”亦曲中佳处，然不可入词。由是类推，可以隅反，不仅在词藻之雅俗而已。宋词中尽有俚鄙者，亟宜力避。小令、申调、长调之目，始自《草堂诗余》，后人因之，顾亦略云尔。《词综》所云“以臆见分之，后遂相沿，殊属牵强”者也。钱塘毛氏云：“五十八字以内为小令，五十九字至九十宝为申调，九十一字以外为长调，古人定例也。”此亦就《草堂》所分而拘执之。所谓定例，有何所据？若以少一字为短，多一字为长，必无是理。如《七娘子》有五十八字者，有六十字者，将为小令乎？抑中调乎？如《雪狮儿》有八十九字者，有九十二字者，将为中调乎？抑长调乎？此皆妄为分析，无当于词学也。况《草堂》旧刻，止有分类，并无小令、中调、长调之名。至嘉靖间，上海顾从敬刻《类编草堂诗余》四卷，始有小令、中调、长调之目，是为别本之始。何良俊序称“从敬家藏宋刻，较世所行本多七十余调”，明系依托。自此本行而旧本遂微，于是小令、中调、长调之分，至牢不可破矣。词中调同名异，如《木兰花》与《玉楼春》，唐人已有之，至宋人则多取词中辞语名篇，强标新目。如《贺新郎》为《乳燕飞》、《念奴娇》为《酹江月》，《水龙吟》为《小楼连苑》之类。此由文人好奇，争相巧饰，而于词之美恶无与焉。又有调异名同者，如《长相思》、《浣溪沙》、《浪淘沙》，皆有长调。此或清真提举大晟时所改易者，故周集中皆有之。此等词牌，作时须依四声，不可自改声韵。缘舍此以外别无他词可证也。又如《江月晃重山》、《江城梅花引》、《四犯剪梅花》类，盖割裂牌名为之，此法南曲中最多。凡作此等曲，皆一时名手游戏及之，或取声律之美，或取节拍之和，如《巫山十二峰》、《九回肠》之目，歌时最为耐听故也。词则万不能造新名，仅可墨守成格。何也？曲之板式，今尚完备，苟能遍歌旧曲，不难自集新声。词则节拍既亡，字谱零落，强分高下，等诸面墙，间释工尺，亦同向壁。集曲之法，首严腔格，亡佚若斯，万难整理。此其一也。六宫十一调，所隶诸曲，管色既明，部署亦审，各宫互犯，确有成法。词则分配宫调，颇有出入，管色高低，万难悬揣。而欲汇集美名，别创新格，即非惑世，亦类欺人。此其二也。至于明清作者，辄喜自度腔，几欲上追白石、梦窗，真是不知妄作。又如许宝善、谢淮辈，取古今名调，一一被诸管弦，以南北曲之音拍，强诬古人，更不可为典要。学者慎勿惑之。P1-4

Introduction

吴梅(1884—1939），戏曲理论家和教育家，诗词曲作家。字瞿安，号霜臣，江苏长洲(今苏州）人。父母早亡，由嗣叔祖养大成人。吴梅先生终生执教，自1905年至1916年，先后在苏州东吴大学堂、存古学堂、南京第四师范、上海民立中学任教。1917年至1937年间，在北京大学、东南大学、中央大学、中山大学、金陵大学等任教，主讲词曲。1939年3月17日逝世。吴梅以曲家名世，创作有《风洞山》、《西台恸哭记》、《血花飞传奇》等传奇、杂剧十余种。他一生致力于戏曲及其他声律的研究和教学，主要著作有《曲学通论》、《中国戏曲概论》、《元剧研究》、《南北词谱》等。吴梅先生桃李满天下，他的弟子中，既有知名作家、学者、教授，如朱自清、郑振铎、唐圭璋、王焕镳、赵万里、常任侠、游寿、胡士莹等，也有著名的表演艺术家，如梅兰芳、俞振飞等。同时，吴梅也是著名的词家，不仅自己作词，也悉心研究词和词学理论，《词学通论》是其词学研究的代表作。《词学通论》是吴梅先生介绍词学基本知识及词学发展史的专著。作者系统地介绍了词与音乐的关系、词的作法以及历代代表性词人词作，并对唐五代以至清季词学的源流传承和诸大家词作的利病得失做了精当的点评。吴梅在《词学通论·论韵》一章中说：“余故严别町畦，为学者导。 ”这句话也可以用来评价整本书的价值；无论是就入门者而言，还是就研究者而言，《词学通论》都能带来极大的启发，是一本极具价值的词学指导读物。《词学通论》最早由东南大学1912年铅印，1932年由商务印书馆正式出版，后来商务印书馆、华东师范大学出版社、复旦大学出版社和上海古籍出版社等多家出版社都曾再版。我局此次再版《词学通论》，除核改部分知识性错误外，亦对标点符号做了认真校订，希望能为读者提供一本较好的词学读本。

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