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Jingdong book

李鸿章

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Jingdong book

李鸿章

Name: 李鸿章
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3107003261
Price: 19.82 USD
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本书为梁启超的名作，被誉为20世纪“四大名传”之一。一方面，作者概述李鸿章一生行事，分叙李之平太平天国、捻军，兴洋务运动，对日作战，对外交涉之大关节，评骘其得失；另一方面，将李鸿章置于时代历史之中，故此书又名“中国四十年来大事记”，而可见19世纪下半叶中国历史之发展。作者持“优胜劣败”之“文明进化”观，批评李鸿章及清政府之不能了解时代大势并采取相应对策，终致遭外国列强欺凌瓜分，今日读来，犹令人慨叹不已。
梁启超自言“笔端常带感情”，对于李鸿章又怀有尊敬、同情、惋惜等等之感情，所以此书读来引人入胜，颇能感动人心。欲了解近代中国，不可不了解李鸿章！
“国学大师”梁启超以“常带感情”之笔，描述晚清重臣李鸿章的功业与悲情！

Content Description

本书是梁启超为李鸿章撰写的人物传记，从李鸿章的早年落拓，写到他参加镇压太平军、甲午海战，创办洋务运动，周旋于世界外交舞台直至死去的一生，将他与古今中外要人霍光、诸葛亮、秦桧、曾国藩、张之洞、俾斯麦、伊藤博文等做了对比，深刻剖析了他的优点与不足。作者文字充满感情，对李鸿章有尊敬，有同情，有惋惜，哀其不幸而怒其不争。梁启超说，自李鸿章之名出现于世界以来，五洲万国人士，几于见有李鸿章，不见有中国。一言蔽之，则以李鸿章为中国之代表人也。故欲了解晚清中国历史，不可不读梁启超之《李鸿章》。

Author Description

梁启超（1873—1929），字卓如，号任公、饮冰室主人等，广东新会人。中国近代史上著名的政治活动家、思想家、学者。曾与其师康有为共同倡导变法维新，并称“康梁”；后则主共和，反对帝制；晚年专以著述讲学为务，是清华国学院四大导师之一。其著作合编为《饮冰室合集》。

Catalogue

序例
第一章绪论
第二章李鸿章之位置
中国历史与李鸿章之关系本期历史与李鸿章之关系

第三章李鸿章未达以前及其时中国之形态
李鸿章之家世欧力东渐之势中国内乱之发生李鸿章与曾国藩之关系

第四章兵家之李鸿章(上)
李鸿章之崛起与淮军之成立当时官军之弱及饷源之竭江浙两
省得失之关系常胜军之起李鸿章与李秀成之劲敌淮军平吴之
功江苏军与金陵军浙江军之关系金陵之克复

第五章兵家之李鸿章(下)
捻乱之猖獗李鸿章以前平捻诸将之失机曾李平捻方略东捻之
役西捻之役

第六章洋务时代之李鸿章
洋务之治绩北洋海陆兵力李鸿章办理洋务失败之由

第七章中日战争时代之李鸿章
中日战事祸胎李鸿章先事之失机大东沟之战平壤之战甲午
九十月以后大概情形致败之由李鸿章之地位及责任

第八章外交家之李鸿章(上)
天津教案法越之役中日天津条约议和日本停战条约及遇刺
中日和约及其功罪

第九章外交家之李鸿章(下)
三国代索辽东中俄密约李鸿章历聘欧洲任外交官时代胶州
之役旅顺大连威海广州湾九龙之役李鸿章出总署

第十章投闲时代之李鸿章
日本议和后入阁办事巡察河工两广总督

第十一章李鸿章之末路
义和团之起李鸿章之位置联军和约中俄满洲条约李鸿章
薨逝身后恤典

第十二章结论
李鸿章与古今东西人物比较李鸿章之轶事李鸿章之人物

Book Abstract

《李鸿章》：
第二章李鸿章之位置
中国历史与李鸿章之关系／本期历史与李鸿章之关系欲评骘李鸿章之人物，则于李鸿章所居之国，与其所生之时代，有不可不熟察者两事：一日，李鸿章所居者，乃数千年君权专制之国，而又当专制政体进化完满达于极点之时代也。
二日，李鸿章所居者，乃满洲人人主中夏之国，而又当混一已久，汉人权利渐初恢复之时代也。
论者动日：李鸿章近世中国之权臣也。吾未知论者所谓权臣，其界说若何。虽然，若以李鸿章比诸汉之霍光、曹操，明之张居正，与夫近世欧、美、日本所谓立宪君主国之大臣，则其权固有迥不相侔者。使鸿章而果为权臣也，以视古代中国权臣，专擅威福，挟持人主，天下侧目，危及社稷，而鸿章乃匪躬蹇蹇，无所觊觎，斯亦可谓纯臣也矣。使鸿章而果为权臣也，以视近代各国权臣，风行雷厉，改革庶政，操纵如意，不避怨嫌，而鸿章乃委靡因循，畏首畏尾，无所成就，斯亦可谓庸臣也矣。虽然，李鸿章之所处，固有与彼等绝异者，试与读者然犀列炬，上下古今，而一论之。
中国为专制政体之国，天下所闻知也。虽然，其专制政体，亦循进化之公理，以渐发达，至今代而始完满，故权臣之权，迄今而剥蚀几尽。溯夫春秋战国之间，鲁之三桓、晋之六卿、齐之陈田，为千古权臣之巨魁。其时纯然贵族政体，大臣之于国也，万取千焉，千取百焉，枝强伤干，势所必然矣。洎夫两汉，天下为一，中央集权之政体，既渐发生，而其基未固，故外戚之祸特甚。霍、邓、窦、梁之属，接踵而起，炙手可热，王氏因之以移汉祚，是犹带贵族政治之馀波焉。苟非有阀阅者，则不敢觊觎大权。范晔《后汉书》论张奂、皇甫规之徒，功定天下之半，声驰四海之表，俯仰顾盼，则天命可移，而犹鞠躬狼狈，无有悔心，以是归功儒术之效，斯固然矣，然亦贵族柄权之风未衰，故非贵族者不敢有异志也。斯为权臣之第一种类。及董卓以后，豪杰蜂起，曹操乘之以窃大位，以武功而为权臣者自操始。此后司马懿、桓温、刘裕、萧衍、陈霸先、高欢、宇文泰之徒，皆循斯轨。斯为权臣之第二种类。又如秦之商鞅，汉之霍光、诸葛亮，宋之王安石，明之张居正等，皆起于布衣，无所凭借，而以才学结主知，委政受成，得行其志，举国听命，权倾一时，庶几有近世立宪国大臣之位置焉。此为权臣之第三种类。其下者则巧言令色，献媚人主，窃弄国柄，荼毒生民，如秦之赵高，汉之十常侍，唐之卢杞、李林甫，宋之蔡京、秦桧、韩侘胄，明之刘瑾、魏忠贤，穿窬斗筲，无足比数。此为权臣之第四种类。以上四者，中国数千年所称权臣，略尽于是矣。
要而论之，愈古代则权臣愈多，愈近代则权臣愈少，此其故何也?盖权臣之消长，与专制政体之进化成比例，而中国专制政治之发达，其大原力有二端：一由于教义之浸淫，二由于雄主之布画。孔子鉴周末贵族之极敝，思定一尊以安天下，故于权门疾之滋甚，立言垂教，三致意焉。汉兴，叔孙通、公孙弘之徒，缘饰儒术，以立主威。汉武帝表六艺黜百家，专弘此术以化天下，天泽之辨益严，而世始知以权臣为诟病。尔后二千年来，以此义为国民教育之中心点，宋贤大扬其波，基础益定，凡缙绅上流，束身自好者，莫不兢兢焉。义理既人于人心，自能消其枭雄跋扈之气，束缚于名教以就围范。若汉之诸葛，唐之汾阳，及近世之曾、左以至李鸿章，皆受其赐者也。又历代君主，鉴兴亡之由，讲补救之术，其法日密一日，故贵族柄权之迹，至汉末而殆绝。汉光武、宋艺祖之待功臣，优之厚秩，解其兵柄。汉高祖、明太祖之待功臣，摭其疑似，夷其家族。虽用法宽忍不同，而削权自固之道则一也。洎乎近世，天下一于郡县，采地断于世袭，内外彼此，互相牵制，而天子执长鞭以笞畜之。虽复侍中十年，开府千里，而一诏朝下，印绶夕解，束手受吏，无异匹夫，故居要津者无所几幸，惟以持盈保泰守身全名相劝勉，岂必其性善于古人哉?亦势使然也。以此两因，故桀黠者有所顾忌，不敢肆其志，天下藉以少安焉。而束身自爱之徒，常有深渊薄冰之戒，不欲居嫌疑之地，虽有国家大事，明知其利当以身任者，亦不敢排群议逆上旨以当其冲。谚所谓做一日和尚撞一日钟者，满廷人士，皆守此主义焉，非一朝一夕之故，所由来渐矣。
……

Introduction

序例

一此书全仿西人传记之体，载述李鸿章一生行事，而加以论断，使后之读者，知其为人。

一中国旧文体，凡记载一人事迹者，或以传，或以年谱，或以行状，类皆记事，不下论赞，其有之则附于篇末耳。然夹叙夹论，其例实创自太史公，《史记·伯夷列传》、《屈原列传》、《货殖列传》等篇皆是也。后人短于史识，不敢学之耳。著者不敏，窃附斯义。

一四十年来，中国大事，几无一不与李鸿章有关系。故为李鸿章作传，不可不以作近世史之笔力行之。著者于时局稍有所见，不敢隐讳，意不在古人，在来者也。恨时日太促，行箧中无一书可供考证，其中记述谬误之处，知所不免。补而正之，愿以异日。

一平吴之役，载湘军事迹颇多，似涉支蔓，但淮军与湘军，其关系极繁杂，不如此不足以见当时之形势，读者谅之。

一《中东和约》、《中俄密约》、《义和团和约》，皆载其全文。因李鸿章事迹之原因结果与此等公文关系者甚多，故不辞拖沓，尽录入之。

一合肥之负谤于中国甚矣。著者与彼，于政治上为公敌，其私交亦泛泛不深，必非有心为之作冤词也。顾书中多为解免之言，颇有与俗论异同者，盖作史必当以公平之心行之，不然，何取乎祸梨枣也！英名相格林威尔尝呵某画工曰“PaintmeasIam”，言勿失吾真相也。吾著此书，自信不至为格林威尔所呵。合肥有知，必当微笑于地下曰：孺子知我。

光绪二十七年十一月既望著者自记

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Jingdong book

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China

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