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万世师表:孔子

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“己所不欲,勿施于人”“不义二富且贵,于我如浮云”“贫而不谄,富而不骄”说出这样话的孔子究竟是怎样的人,有着怎样的人生经历,是什么促使他成为一代先师,创办儒家思想?让我们来跟随本书来看一看万世师表孔子的人生吧!

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孔子,名丘,字仲尼,春秋时期鲁国人。孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家,也是儒家学派的创始人,被公认为世界文化名人之一,后人都尊称他为“孔夫子”、“夫子”。他生活在一个礼崩乐坏的年代,旧秩序被破坏,新秩序未建立,各国攻伐不断,崇尚功利。他周游列国,苦口婆心推行他的理想,教育人们讲修养、讲伦理道德,讲社会秩序,不走极端,最终追求人与自然、人际关系、治国之道等各个方面的和谐。本书沿着孔子的人生轨迹,记录了他的出生、讲学、入仕、周游列国、整理文献的故事,内容翔实,通俗易懂。让我们走进孔子,品读孔子,学习圣贤君子的品德修养,体会传统文化的丰厚底蕴。

Author Description

姜正成,江苏人,1957年5月出生,1982年毕业于华东理工大学。有过非凡的人生经历,长期从事科技、公安及文化事业工作。曾成功策划出版了“青春有约”系列、 “青少年读史尝鲜”系列,著有长篇侦破小说:《红颜》、《红眉》、《红乳》。现为中国散文学会会员、中国报告文学学会会员、中华诗词学会会员、中国爱心企业家俱乐部副会长、北京526图书联盟副会长,北京图强文化出版有限公司总经理。

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孔子从小就深深体会了生活的艰辛。他看到了母亲为抚育自己成长而付出的汗水和泪水,后来,孔子特别注重孝道,这与他个人的生活经历也有密切的关系。为了减轻母亲的负担,抚慰母亲孤苦的心灵,孔子很小就帮着母亲干活,挑水、打柴、种菜、放牧,凡是他能干的活儿都抢着干。后来,他多次对自己的学生说:“少也贱,故多能鄙事”,意思是说,因为我少年时代家境贫寒,所以许多达官贵人认为鄙贱的事我都会干。


第一章在贫贱中成长

孔门先辈…………………………………………………………………002

定居陬邑…………………………………………………………………005

孔子出世…………………………………………………………………008

孔子童年…………………………………………………………………011

鲁国风尚…………………………………………………………………014


孔子能成为大学者,成为一代伟人,一方面和他自己的刻苦学习是分不开的,另一方面还得益于当时的官学下移。原来,春秋以前,所有的史籍都由官府掌管,一般的平民百姓,是没有书可以看的。到了春秋时期,周王室已基本上名存实亡,而各地诸侯为了争夺霸权,相互间经常开战。一些原本专职的宫廷知识分子因为战争失了业,散落到了民间,这些人所拥有的知识和所保管的书籍也随之慢慢流传到了民间。


第二章学而不厌

在孔子快30岁的时候,他正式创办了私立学校。孔子说自己“三十而立”,意思就是说他自己经过长期的学习和思索,到了30岁的时候,对任何事情都有了基本判断,渊博的知识加上独立思考,使自己对事情的看法不再受到别人的左右,他以西周礼乐文明为典范的立身处世的思想法则已经形成。


第三章诲人不倦

少年求学…………………………………………………………………020

为父母合葬………………………………………………………………023

士宴受辱…………………………………………………………………026

少年初仕…………………………………………………………………030

拜师襄学琴………………………………………………………………032

问礼于老子………………………………………………………………034

拜于苌弘…………………………………………………………………037



青年时代的孔子,思想里是以礼的成分居多,就是他所从事的社会活动,也是多与礼有关;孔子从40岁左右开始,他的思想的核心逐步转移到了仁的方面。当然,礼与仁二者不是割裂的,而是相互影响的。孔子在当时的鲁国,声望是极高的,被誉为圣人、上天降到人间的警钟,所以他坐上大司寇的位置,是很得民心的。孔子执政对很多普通劳动者来说,是欢欣鼓舞的;对作奸犯科的人来说,是很大的威慑。听说孔子上任的消息后,一些奸商都老老实实地合法经营了。


第四章仁礼治国


第五章孔子仕鲁

创办私学…………………………………………………………………042

教育先驱…………………………………………………………………045

孔子适齐…………………………………………………………………048

晏婴与孔子………………………………………………………………054

四十不惑…………………………………………………………………058

从礼到仁…………………………………………………………………061

五十而知天命……………………………………………………………064

孔子与阳虎………………………………………………………………067


孔子留在鲁国的最后一点希望破灭了,于是决定离开鲁国。鲁定公十三年(公元前497年)春天,孔子55岁时,在把家事托付给伯鱼后,孔子带领他的一小部分弟子开始了他长达14年之久的周游列国之旅。临行之际,孔子以独特方式表达了对鲁国的留恋与热爱:“迟迟吾行也,去父母国之道也。”一步三回头,迟迟不肯离去。


第六章周游列国

从中都宰开始……………………………………………………………072

大司寇……………………………………………………………………075

夹谷会盟…………………………………………………………………078

堕三都……………………………………………………………………081

不忍离鲁…………………………………………………………………085

初入卫境…………………………………………………………………090

话不投机…………………………………………………………………093

匡蒲受阻…………………………………………………………………096

子见南子…………………………………………………………………100

离卫前后…………………………………………………………………103

司马桓魋伐树……………………………………………………………106

陈蔡绝粮七日……………………………………………………………110

楚地拜访叶公……………………………………………………………114

孔子与隐士………………………………………………………………117



孔子回国后,在他生命最后的日子里,政治上的事情他只是偶尔过问,而把精力更多地放在整理六经上。在六经的编辑过程中,从选题策划、选文标准,到编辑加工无处不贯穿着他“救世化民”的政治思想。可以说,整理六经,是孔子以另一种方式实现自己的理想。在孔子看来,这些因为出身微贱而没有受过系统文化教育的普通青年,他不仅应当欢迎,而且还有责任引导他们走上正确的学习道路。要帮助他们改正身上的毛病和缺点,通过教育使他们成为对社会真正有用的人。这样的结果不就是自己办学的目的吗?后来随着办学规模的扩大,孔子不仅招收了很多平民子弟,还收了不少鲁国以外的青年。


第七章孔子晚年


第八章孔子授徒施教

重返卫国…………………………………………………………………121

重返故园…………………………………………………………………126

整理“六经”……………………………………………………………129

中庸之道…………………………………………………………………135

与闻国政…………………………………………………………………138

鸣鼓而攻…………………………………………………………………142

有教无类…………………………………………………………………148

做得好与做得对…………………………………………………………150

己所不欲,勿施于人……………………………………………………152

清贫颜回不易志…………………………………………………………154

与颜回的谈话……………………………………………………………157

颜回好学…………………………………………………………………160

大道之行,天下为公……………………………………………………161

曾子与孝…………………………………………………………………165

杀猪教妻…………………………………………………………………168

子路受教…………………………………………………………………171

大孝闵损…………………………………………………………………174

“朽木”宰予……………………………………………………………178

孔子去世,鲁哀公亲自前来祭奠并作悼词:“上天没有怜悯之心,不肯暂时留下这位国老,以保障我的君位,这使我一个人孤零零地悲痛。呜呼哀哉!尼父,您的辞世使我失去了效法的榜样!”鲁哀公知道孔子一生都为帮他夺回本应属于他的权力而奋斗,所以他对孔子的感情也是很真挚的。


第九章巨星的陨落

不知老之将至……………………………………………………………182

丧子之痛…………………………………………………………………185

不祥之兆…………………………………………………………………188

孔子一生中绝大部分的时间,是从事传道、授业、解惑的教育工作。他有着当时最先进的教学方法,最完整的教学内容体系,提出了一系列有深远影响的教育思想。他的弟子来自天南海北,来自不同阶层、不同年龄。他们聚集在孔子门下接受熏陶,再走出去,到社会上从事各种活动,把孔子的思想传遍四面八方。孔子的精神对后世产生了深远的影响,尤其是他的思想,经过儒家传人改造后适应了社会的需要,被确立为统治思想。孔子的社会政治思想和伦理观念则成为构建中华民族心理的重要内容之一,融汇到民族的血液中。孔子的思想是普世的。1988年,75位诺贝尔奖获得者在法国巴黎发表宣言:“如果人类要在21世纪生存下去,必须回到2500年前去汲取孔子的智慧。”


第十章思想长存

第十一章孔子的影响

爱徒之死…………………………………………………………………191

圣人长逝…………………………………………………………………194

桃李满天下………………………………………………………………200

孔门十哲…………………………………………………………………203

其他弟子…………………………………………………………………209

儒分为八…………………………………………………………………213

孔学的两种走向…………………………………………………………217


008

孔子为什么称“素王”…………………………………………………228

皇帝祭孔…………………………………………………………………229

历代封谥…………………………………………………………………231

各地的孔庙………………………………………………………………232

祭孔风俗…………………………………………………………………236

儒家文化圈………………………………………………………………238

孔子年谱…………………………………………………………………241

参考文献…………………………………………………………………248

后 记……………………………………………………………………249


Book Abstract

孔子的先辈原是宋国贵族,在历史上曾享有很好的名声。再往上追溯,我们还可以知道,宋又是殷商贵族的后裔。从这点上看,孔子也是有显赫的身世背景的,只是距离孔子这一代有些遥远罢了。严格说起来,孔子并不姓孔,而是姓子,这是殷商贵族的姓。我们常说“姓氏”,现在就是指某人姓什么,其实在先秦,姓和氏并不是一回事儿。孔子应该姓子,以孔为氏。现在姓、氏不分,所以说孔子姓孔,也并不为错。上古之时,华夏仅有22个姓,有姓的都是贵族,普通劳动者或下层人民,都是有名无姓,但是可能有氏,以地望、职业、特点等皆可以当成氏。例如:“弈秋”,就是那个叫“秋”的棋手;“巫方”,就是那个叫“方”的巫师。也有的“名”外还有“字”,如“公输般”,就是一位名叫“般”,字是“公输”的木匠。他没有姓,但因为是鲁国人,所以又称为“鲁般”或“鲁班”。话说周武王伐纣后,殷商灭亡了,微子启投降了周,周武王就把微子启封到宋这个地方,微子启就成为了宋的始祖。微子启死后,他的弟弟微仲衍就接替了他的位置,这个微仲衍就是孔子的远祖。从微仲衍到孔子,历经十四代,中间出了几个有名的圣人、贤士,

所以我们常说,孔圣人是圣人的后代。首先值得一提的是孔子的十世祖,名叫弗父何,弗父何是宋湣公的长子,按照当时的继承传统,长子应该继承宋湣公的事业的,但是宋湣公死后没有把君位传给儿子,而是传给了弟弟炀公。


Introduction

孔子,名丘,字仲尼,春秋时期鲁国人。孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家,也是儒家学派的创始人,被公认为世界文化名人,后人都尊称他为“孔圣人”“至圣先师”“万世师表”。他生活在一个礼崩乐坏的年代。那时典章制度逐渐被废弃,井田制逐步解体,诸侯国则渐渐拥有超级军队,征战不已,各诸侯、卿大夫乱用礼乐的现象十分普遍,只有鲁国作为“礼仪之邦”,是以礼治国的样板,情况稍好。这也就是后来孔子游历诸侯各国治国之道的背景。他一生的经历与他思想的形成密不可分。他年轻时因办学而声名鹊起,后来在鲁国做官,主管过一国的司法工作,离鲁后周游列国,也因为他的巨大社会影响力,在各国基本上都受到礼遇。也正是在学习、游历、思考中,他形成了自己由“仁”“礼”“中庸”等要素组成的思想体系,即是后来的儒家思想的核心。他教育人们讲修养、伦理道德,讲政治、社会秩序,不走极端,最终追求人与自然、人际关系、治国之道等各个方面的和谐。孔子还是位大教育家,他创办过私学,这是极具里程碑意义的事情。他主张“有教无类”“因材施教”,这些教育思想闪耀着智慧的光辉,对后世的教育产生了极大的影响。


孔子提倡举一反三,因材施教。比如,对于性格鲁莽的人,他告之以“三思而行”;但对优柔寡断的人,他则鼓励“再思可也”。孔子虽然德高望重,却有不耻下问的态度,学而不厌。有书记载,他曾经向郯子请教官职名称、向苌弘和老子请教音乐方面的问题。孔子的优秀品质正是他取得巨大成就的重要因素,这些事迹很值得我们学习。孔子门下有三千弟子,很多弟子在当时的各国掌握大权,总之,可以说,无论是在思想上、教育上,还是政治上,孔子都是当时社会的风云人物。他的思想主要见于《论语》一书,这是关于孔子及其弟子言行的记录,被儒家奉为经典。儒家思想后来一直在中国居于正统主导地位。在后世,除了少数政治动乱的时代,孔子的思想都受到众人的崇拜,甚至有时候其人被奉为神,儒学被奉为神学。不仅是在中国,在东亚甚至全世界,都产生了深远的影响。在近代,由于西方强势文明的入侵,中国处于弱势,有些思想激进的人认为儒家思想是中国落后的总根源,提出“打倒孔家店”,孔子和

儒学受到责难。但今天,随着中国的崛起,国势重新强盛,中国人恢复了文化的自信,于是,孔子和儒学又重新受到人们的礼敬。本书沿着孔子的人生轨迹,记录了他的出生、讲学、入仕、周游列国、整理文献的故事,内容翔实,通俗易懂。让我们通过阅读本书,学习圣贤君子的品德修养,体会传统文化的丰厚底蕴。



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Yami-China FC

Yami has a consolidation warehouse in China which collects multiple sellers’ packages and combines to one order. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to your door. Cross-store free shipping over $69.

Return Policy

You may return products within 30 days upon receiving the products. Sellers take responsibilities for any wrong shipment or missing items. Packing needs to be unopened for any other than quality issues return. We promise to pack carefully, but because goods are taking long journey to destinations, simple damages to packaging may occur. Any damages not causing internal goods quality problems are not allowed to return. If you open the package and any quality problem is found, please contact customer service within three days after receipt of goods.

Shipping Information

Yami Consolidation Service Shipping Fee $9.99(Free shipping over $69)

Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

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About the brand

Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book