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Jingdong book

写给孩子的小故事/听雅诺什讲趣味故事

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Jingdong book

写给孩子的小故事/听雅诺什讲趣味故事

Name: 写给孩子的小故事/听雅诺什讲趣味故事
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3109004291
Price: 23.60 USD
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★享誉欧洲、德国青少年文学奖、德国联邦十字勋章、班夫世界电视节评委特别奖、博洛尼亚儿童舒展荣誉奖等多项国际大奖获得者雅诺什儿童文学代表作！★幽默的故事，富有创意的内容结构，让读者充分感受阅读的愉悦和成长的快乐！★《毛毛》《永远讲不完的故事》等经典童书译者、德语童书翻译大奖得主李士勋领衔，山东师范大学、山东大学、德国慕尼黑大学院校老师倾力翻译！

Content Description

这是一本雅诺什创绘的诙谐叙事诗集，作者从孩子的心理出发，通过孩童般的视角，游戏的精神和天马行空的想象，塑造了一个个妙趣横生的形象和故事。

Author Description

雅诺什（1931-），德国儿童文学大师，享誉欧洲，影响了一代代的读者。曾获得的荣誉：1975年慕尼黑市文学奖，1979年德国青少年文学奖，1983年德国银笔奖，1984年荷兰银画笔奖，1984年班夫世界电视节评委特别奖，1987年博洛尼亚儿童舒展荣誉奖，1987年德国银笔奖，1992年安德烈亚斯·格吕菲乌斯奖，1993年德国联邦十字勋章。

Introduction

横空出世的雅诺什？

刘绪源

关于雅诺什的资料，现在已很容易找到：1931年出生于波兰边界一个小村庄，父母离异，由爷爷奶奶养育成人；从13岁开始先后在炼铁铺和服装工厂工作，同时自学作画，一心向往慕尼黑艺术学院，却没能通过考试；但他仍专心于绘画和创作，终于在29岁时出版了处女作，从此一发而不可收；他出版了近二百种作品，被翻译成几十种文字，它们多是自创自绘的儿童小说和图画书，儿童和成人都爱看，他已风靡世界……

他的作品的确非常奇特：信手而写，信笔而画，仿佛漫不经心，却又趣味横生，让你暗生欢喜，看着看着就迷上了；孩子更是易于被他的画面吸引，由画面而故事，从此认准了他那明丽、洒脱、夸张的色彩和笔法，一看到就要买，渐渐成了他们的最爱。

雅诺什与众不同，这同他不由正规的学校培养，而靠自学成才，有很大关系；同他不是经由文学或教育走入童书界，而是通过他自创一格的绘画挤入这一圈子，也大有关系。

曾看到有人给他打分：叙事能力9分，画面和谐10分，风格特征10分。颇觉有趣。要是由我打分，那也许是：趣味第一，绘画第二，故事第三。

他的成功首先在于他与众不同的趣味：他是个老顽童，到老还充满童心童趣，所以在很多作品中，简直就是以顽童的视角、心理和语言在叨叨地诉说；他又是个充满慈爱的人，对孩子有无穷的兴趣，可又老不正经，有话不好好说，所以老在那儿半真半假地调侃，他的很多作品就是这种独特的却又充满爱意的表白。

说了那么多“独特”，现在回到本题：他是横空出世的吗？他的那么多独特的或奇特的作品，是不是也有某种隐秘的传承？

我以为，有。即上述的那些与众不同的趣味，也并非横空而来，他的前辈——那些分布在其他国度，也有着独特的童心童趣的怪人们——已经有过近两百年的探索了。下文拟试作探讨。如能把这种隐秘的师承理清楚，那么，对雅诺什艺术风格的把握，也就水到渠成了。

在拙著《儿童文学的三大母题》中，将儿童文学大致分为三个母题：爱的母题（内分“母爱型”与“父爱型”），顽童的母题，自然的母题。雅诺什所传承的，正是第一个母题中的“母爱型”和第二个母题即“顽童型”，他的趣味在这二者间游移并发扬，我们能从中获得与之相似的美感，他的成功也源于此。

先说“母爱型”。拙著中有这样的概括：“早期民间童话的主题几乎都是母爱。通达主题的途径不是故事，而是“语境”。它们的共同特点是：一、创作时大多没有教育目的，随意性、即兴性较强；二、故事离现实遥远，所涉及的却都是母亲们感兴趣的话题；三、情节曲折但不过于刺激，最后多以“大团圆”作结；四、结构上采取反复回旋的方式，一般篇幅不大；五、叙述语言体现母性的慈祥与安详，也有适度的幽默与夸张，这是由发自内心的喜爱激发起的玩笑心态，合乎儿童渴求游戏的心理。”这里说的“早期童话”，包括《小红帽》《睡美人》《白雪公主》等等，就故事来说它们大多并不完整，也不讲究严格的逻辑，它们最突出的恰是讲述故事的“语境”，也就是家庭、母亲、壁炉边那种温暖的氛围。

我们再看雅诺什。在《写给孩子的小故事》一书中，有一首《睡吧，可爱的小玩偶》：“我认识一个玩偶，/他住在一座房屋里，/屋子旁边有一棵结了果的苹果树，/还有一只肥老鼠。/然后，我认识了鳄鱼、/白猫穆尔和/一条曾经在尼罗河里游过泳的鱼，/还有鸽子古尔蒂乌尔。/一条狭窄小铁路从房屋后面经过，/睡吧，亲爱的小玩偶。”这后面还有一段：“两个老小孩，/坐在板凳上。/胖子森林熊，/小的瘦又长。/这时兔子说：‘熊先生，/他们到底从哪儿来？’/‘加拿大、波兰、新加坡，/乌拉尔、内罗毕、培鲁齐斯坦。’/瞧，那儿一个正在看！”这里分明有母亲的口吻，而且是累得快要入睡的母亲。她一边把孩子感兴趣的东西罗织在一起，编出故事场面哄孩子，一边自己的思路已开始模糊，那句“培鲁齐斯坦”据译者说，就是个拼错的地名。那本《史努德上学记》，写孩子一次一次迟到，循环往复，既好笑，又没有多大危害，也透露着母亲编织故事的语境特色。它们和那些早期童话，是有异曲同工之妙的。而雅诺什的很多故事，几乎就从早期童话中搬来，如《我亲爱的狐狸》一书中，《银河小红帽》是《小红帽》的现代版，只在故事中加了很多现代科技外衣而已；《卖火柴的小姑娘》则是在安徒生原作上删削了一些冷酷的色泽（另一本《奶奶讲的小故事》中的《皇帝的新装》也是大致保持了安徒生的原貌）——可能他约稿太多，难于应付，就干脆拿现成作品改写并配画了。那篇《我亲爱的狐狸》也可说是格林童话的续写，那氛围格调与早期童话如出一辙。当然，他的书中也有不少知识性的内容，并常常会出现哲理性的词句，这些千万不能当真，这只是他信手拈来的调侃而已，那是大人内心的慈爱和兴趣满溢时的临场发挥，并非为了传递知识和思想。如《青蛙与老虎鸭》中的这些话：“我的鸭子是纯天然无污染的，就像一颗衬衫上的纽扣。她的木头里不含化学物质，也没有疯牛病，更不是热带森林的木头。她不会排放污染空气的有害气体，也不会随手乱丢塑料袋。总而言之，她是百分之百的无公害，并且得到联邦德国技术监督联合会的认证。你们中间有谁可以这样担保，请站出来！”这是成人的用词，却又是儿童的逻辑和语气，这分明是大人面对儿童的一种压抑不住的表演。这种讲述激情，也就是母爱的演化。

再简说一下“顽童型”的特征。我们知道，很小的小孩，大约两岁不到，就能自觉顺应那种循环往复的“无厘头”游戏，乐此不疲。所以，在儿童文学最为发达的英国，很早就有这类作品。周作人评赵元任译《阿丽思漫游奇境记》时，曾勾勒过这一文学史的线索：“英国儿歌中《赫巴特老母和伊的奇怪的狗》与《黎的威更斯太太和伊的七只奇怪的猫》，都是这派的代表著作，专以天真而奇妙的‘没有意思’娱乐儿童的。这《威更斯太太》是夏普夫人原作，经了拉斯金的增订，所以可以说是文学的滑稽儿歌的代表，后来利亚(Lear)作有‘没有意思的诗’的专集，于是更其完成了。散文的一面，始于高尔斯密的《二鞋老婆子的历史》，到了加乐尔(按即《阿丽思漫游奇境记》的作者卡洛尔)而完成，于是文学的滑稽童话也侵入英国文学史里了。”这里的“利亚”今译李尔，这本“没有意思的诗”近年有陆谷孙先生的新译本，书名为《胡诌诗集》(海豚出版社2011年版)。“没有意思”即“Nonsense”，按儿童文学家任溶溶先生的译法，就是“无厘头”。任溶溶说：“无厘头”可以看作儿童文学最早的源头。

雅诺什《写给孩子的小故事》中的许多诗，与李尔的《胡诌诗集》其实是很像的，如第一首《动物与农夫》：“农夫和山羊，/坐在葡萄架下面。/他们吃着香肠，喝着葡萄酒。/是呀，生活就该是这个样儿。/农夫和山羊，穿着最厚的衣服，还冻得发僵。”到这儿为止，几乎都是“李尔趣味”，李尔的诗里总要写某人倒霉，这是儿童的“恶作剧”心理，也正是“顽童型”作品吸引儿童的一个重要的方面。但雅诺什还比较温馨，最后又加了一句：“冬天终于过去了！他们在美丽的五月里翩翩起舞。”所以我们说，他的趣味常在“母爱型”与“顽童型”之间游移。德国早期“顽童型”的代表作是拉斯伯的《吹牛大王历险记》，而雅诺什的《老鼠警长》等与之十分相像，尤其是那位警长说自己穿着肥大的衣服，身子在里边躲来躲去，枪弹怎么也打不死自己时，与十八世纪敏希豪森伯爵的故事就既神似又形似了。“母爱型”体现的是成人对儿童的视角，“顽童型”体现的则是儿童自己的视角，雅诺什两种视角兼具，但更多的时候，他用的还是儿童视角吧。所以，他的作品常常像是孩子在独自呢呢喃喃讲个不停，要在这里找出完整的故事也许是困难的，但从中透露的儿童趣味，已足够我们咀嚼与玩味了。

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