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Jingdong book

美国贸易研究：美国对外贸易的结构及影响因素

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Jingdong book

美国贸易研究：美国对外贸易的结构及影响因素

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贸易分为行业内贸易和行业间贸易，行业内贸易又可分为水平行业内贸易和垂直行业内贸易蠢一国贸易结构中行业内贸易、水平行业内贸易，垂直行业内贸易的相对重要性对一国福利非常重要，有必要对一国贸易结构的现状、贸易结构的变化以及不同种类的行业内贸易的决定要素进行深入的研究。
本书首先构建了一个理论模型，证明了外国直接投资和产品质量升级可以起到促进南北间行业内贸易的作用。然后从美国的行业内贸易结构入手，详细分析了美国的静态和动态行业内贸易的结构，比较了它们的相对重要性；并用较先进的实证研究方法考察了决定美国动态和静态贸易结构的要素，得出了在理论上和实际应用中都具有重要意义的结论。
美国的贸易伙伴除了墨西哥和中国之外，主要是西方七国组织成员，其双边贸易额与汇率的变化关系密切。理论上汇率的波动性被认为是不确定性风险。对贸易有负面影响，但实证结果却很混杂，本书通过对模型设定的改进，就汇率波动对美国与西方发达国家的双边贸易量的影响进行了深入研究，得出了更使人信服的实证证据。
Author Description

章艳红，女，汉族，云南省陇川县人。美国田纳西大学经济学博士和统计学硕士。现在中国人民大学经济学院从事教学和科研工作。
Catalogue

引言
第一章 南北行业内贸易的理论分析
第一节 导论
第二节 理论综述
第三节 基于质量的产品周期模型
第四节 FDI和产品质量升级对南北行业内贸易的影响
第五节 要素禀赋差距拉大对南北行业内贸易的影响
第六节 小结
第二章 有关美国行业内贸易研究的文献综述
第一节 理论研究综述
第二节 实证研究综述
第三节 有待补充之处
第三章 美国行业内贸易的实证研究——美国行业内贸易的结构与形态
第一节 划分水平行业内贸易和垂直行业内贸易的方法
第二节 美国静态行业内贸易的结构和形态
第三节 美国动态行业内贸易的结构和形态
第四节 小结
第四章 美国行业内贸易的实证研究——美国静态行业内贸易比例的决定要素
第一节 美国静态行业内贸易比例的决定要素
第二节 数据的收集
第三节 模型的设定和估算方法
第四节 实证结果的报告和解释
第五节 小结
第五章 美国行业内贸易的实证研究——美国动态行业内贸易比例的决定要素
第一节 美国动态行业内贸易比例的决定要素
第二节 数据的收集、模型的设定和估算
第三节 实证结果的报告和解释
第四节 小结
第六章 汇率波动对美国双边贸易量的影响
第一节 导论
第二节 模型的设定
第三节 实证结果
第四节 小结
结论
参考文献
Book Abstract

第二节 理论综述
南北IIT模型中的水平差异化模型根源自新贸易理论，其特点是以规模经济、不完全竞争和水平产品差异化来解释liT的发生。新贸易理论主要由克鲁格曼(Krugman，1979，1980)、兰开斯特(Lancaster，1980)和赫普曼(Helpman，1981)发展得来。尽管以上诸位经济学家在各自的研究中对个人偏好的假设有所差别，并且模型的构建各有不同，但他们得出的结论却都是相似的。①通常，公司被假定具有内部的规模经济，并且，各公司可自由进入市场，不存在限制。由于允许各公司自由地进入市场，那么根据垄断|生竞争的原理，多余的公司进入市场会将利润压低为零，所以在均衡状态下每个公司只能生产一种差异化产品，并且利润为零。消费者偏好产品的多样性，因此从产品差异化种类的增加中获益。因此当贸易发生时，规模经济、不完全竞争与水平产品差异化导致了IIT的发生。这类模型突破了传统的比较优势理论中固定规模经济和产品无差异的假设，较合理地解释了现实生活中存在的大量北北贸易和行业内贸易，因此被称为新贸易理论。

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