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Jingdong book

改革红利:十八大后转型与改革的五大趋势

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改革红利:十八大后转型与改革的五大趋势

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《改革红利:十八大后转型与改革的五大趋势》按照十八大精神对我国改革的重大问题和关键领域进行了深入研究和重点阐释,有许多有价值的观点。一是着眼全局,立足长远,鲜明而系统的对改革红利进行了重点研究,这是国内第一本论述改革红利的著作,是迟福林院长领军的中改院这个改革智库20多年来研究改革问题集体智慧的结晶;二是对改革的重要性和紧迫性有了更清晰的研判,显现了以更大的政治勇气和智慧深化改革的重大现实意义。三是该书既有战略规划,又有政策重点,既有行动方向,又有操作办法,体现了深化改革的系统性和协同性要求。
Catalogue

绪论 十八大后的转型与改革

第一章 走向消费大国的转型与改革
第一节 扩大内需、拉动消费是我国最大的机遇
一、世界经济进人深度调整转型期
二、投资消费失衡成为突出矛盾
三、消费释放处在历史拐点
第二节 以释放消费支撑未来10年的中速增长
一、是消费还是投资支持经济增长?
二、未来10年的消费潜力究竟有多大?
三、消费需求的释放在很大程度上决定公平可持续发展
第三节 确立消费主导的战略目标
一、2020年实现消费主导的基本目标
二、将消费主导作为扩大内需的战略重点
第四节 实现投资与消费的动态平衡
一、消费需求能够带来巨大的投资
二、改变投资结构
三、优化投资来源
第五节 以公益性为重点的国有资本战略性调整
一、全社会公共需求变化对国有资本配置的公益性需求
二、确立国有资本在提高普遍福利水平上的目标
三、国有资本重点逐步转移到公共产品领域
四、提高国有资本收租分红比例

第二章 人口城镇化的转型与改革
第一节 城镇化是一个大战略
一、城镇化的历史性作用
二、我国城镇化仍处于快速发展通道
三、城镇化是释放内需的最大潜力
第二节 规模城镇化向人口城镇化的转型
一、新型城镇化:本质是人的城镇化
二、以规模扩张为主要特征的传统城镇化模式难以为继
三、人口城镇化重在解开“城乡二元方程”
第三节 尽快实现农民工市民化
一、农民工市民化到了下大决心解决的时候
二、“让农民工成为历史”要有时间表
三、以农民工市民化为重点的制度创新
第四节 人口城镇化的政策与体制创新
一、让农民带着“土地财产权”进城
二、改变“土地财政”的城镇化模式
三、打破行政等级化的城镇管理体制
四、推进城乡一体的社区管理体制改革
五、逐步实现城乡统一的人口政策

第三章 形成6亿中等收入群体的转型与改革
第一节 扩大中等收入群体是个大战略
一、我国中等收入群体的发展严重滞后
二、中等收入群体比重过低制约经济社会发展
三、扩大中等收入群体牵动经济社会转型的全局
第二节 2020年实现中等收入群体倍增是一个大目标
一、由中等收入群体倍增走向公平可持续
二、确立中等收入群体倍增的基本目标
三、2020年有条件形成6亿中等收入群体
四、明确中等收入群体倍增的行动路线
第三节 民富优先是一个大趋势
一、由国富优先走向民富优先
二、藏富于民:尽快实现城乡居民收入倍增
三、改善民生:基本公共服务均等化总体实现
第四节 形成中等收入群体身份认同的大环境
一、身份认同感缺失妨碍中等收入群体释放“正能量”
二、中等收入者身份认同的缺失根源在于收入分配不公
三、强化身份认同重在建立公开、透明的收人分配基础制度

第四章 市场导向的转型与改革
第一节 改变政府主导的经济增长方式
一、改变政府主导型的经济增长方式
二、尽快改变增长主义政府倾向
三、把政府的有效作用建立在市场主导的基础上
第二节 破题资源要素市场化改革
一、尽快破题资源要素价格改革
二、基本形成资源要素的市场均衡价格
三、加快能源价格形成机制改革
四、尽快启动环境价格形成机制改革
第三节 破题垄断行业改革
一、打破利益关系,推动垄断行业改革
二、拓宽社会资本制度空间,让民营企业成为真正的市场主体
三、全面推进产权制度改革
第四节 破题以财税改革为重点的结构性改革
一、启动以结构性减税为重点的新一轮财政体制改革
二、抓住有利时机全面深化金融体制改革
第五节 以公共服务为中心推进政府转型
一、尽快实现政府理念从经济建设向公共服务的转变
二、强化制度性公共产品供给
三、强化经济性公共产品供给
四、强化社会性公共产品供给

第五章 以优化权力结构为重点的政府转型与改革
第一节 以“放权、分权、限权”为重点的政府改革
一、政府转型面临的突出矛盾
二、权力结构不合理制约政府职能转变
三、以“放权、分权、限权”为重点的政府改革思路
第二节 以向市场放权为重点转变政府经济职能
一、减少微观审批与强化经济战略管理职能
二、宏观调控部门的权力结构优化
三、市场监管权力结构调整
第三节 以向社会放权为重点的社会管理创新
一、以政府职能社会化为路径走向公共治理
二、基层政府权力下放与社区自治
三、社会公益组织体制创新
四、官办社会组织的去行政化改革
第四节 以公共职责分工为重点的中央地方分权体制
一、以公共服务为导向的中央地方公共职责分工
二、以城镇化为重点的行政层级调整
三、中央地方财税体制改革
第五节 以“三权分设”为重点的大部门体制改革
一、大部门体制改革重在推行行政体系内的“三权分设”
二、强化行政决策系统
三、以提高独立性和专业性为路径强化行政执行系统
四、以提升权威性为重点强化行政监督系统
第六节 以权力运行公开化为重点的政府自身建设与改革
一、政务公开,建设阳光政府
二、全面推进财政预算公开
三、加快推行官员财产公开
四、加快推进司法公开
五、以权力规范行使为重点的司法体制改革
Book Abstract

(2)把释放消费作为宏观调控的重要目标。2011年12月,社会消费品零售总额增长18.1%,2012年5月增速回落到13.8%,增速回落了4.3个百分点。因此,当前宏观经济最大的风险,不是投资增速的下降,而是消费增速的明显下降。这个下降与我国潜在消费需求快速增长的趋势不相适应。从这个角度看,国家宏观调控的重点,既要兼顾短期的稳定投资,更要着眼于中长期的扩大消费,明确把扩大消费作为宏观调控的重要目标。为此,应把稳定社会消费品零售总额纳入宏观调控的目标导向中,调整短期需求管理政策,废除抑制消费的不合理政策因素;制定中长期需求管理政策,推进消费主导的相关改革。
(3)建立扩大消费需求的长效机制。国家“十二五”规划明确提出“建立扩大消费需求的长效机制,把扩大消费需求作为扩大内需的战略重点”。建立扩大消费需求的长效机制,对于加快转变经济发展方式,着力解决我国经济社会发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题,具有十分重要的意义。
——积极稳妥地推进城镇化,着力拓展内需增长的新空间。城镇化水平是一个国家工业化、现代化的重要标志。2011年我国城镇化率为51.3%,不仅远低于发达国家近80%的平均水平,也低于一些人均收入与我国接近的周边国家(60%)。因此,我国的城镇化发展还有很大空间和潜力。城镇化率的稳步提高,在带动城镇固定资产投资的同时,随着农村转移人口融入城市,也将带动消费需求,提高消费对经济增长的拉动力。
——合理调整国民收入分配格局,着力提高中低收入者收入水平,增强居民的消费能力。这既是建立扩大消费的长效机制和挖掘消费潜力的决定性因素,又是促进社会公平正义的重要体现。“十二五”时期,要深化收入分配制度改革,努力提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。
——确立公平与可持续的发展理念。实现改革发展由经济总量向国民收入导向的转变,由国富优先向民富优先导向的转变,以此为基础建立扩大国内消费需求的长效机制。
2.着眼于释放消费需求改善消费环境
(1)创新产品,培育消费需求。俗话说,“优秀的产品可以做到满足消费者的需求,但是卓越的产品却可以创造新的市场空间,并且引导消费者形成消费需求”。中国的内需市场再大,传统市场的消费需求总会饱和。如果企业能够开发出新的市场领域,不仅能有效避免和其他企业在传统或已有市场上形成竞争,更能形成和引导全新的消费时尚,形成新的市场增长点。为此,企业必须采取多种创新策略,走在消费者前面研发出各种新产品,并运用各种经营手段,使人们的潜在消费需求得到激发,创造新的市场空间。应建立健全有利于促进科技成果产业化和商品化的机制,使产品创新成为引领市场热点形成的重要动力。
(2)拓宽消费领域,培育新的消费热点。当前,家政市场成为新兴的消费领域,却出现“月嫂荒”、“保姆荒”现象,表明当前我国在这一新兴市场领域仍有广阔的市场空间,如果精心培育,家政市场不仅能在带动就业中发挥积极作用,更能成为扩大内需的重要力量。“十二五”期间,在扩大内需市场方面必须转变思路、拓展路径,积极培育新的消费热点。
——大力引导和促进旅游、教育培训、体育健身、文化创意、出版、影视、网络动漫等精神消费需求的增长和相关产业的发展。
——加快发展老年服务、病人看护、家庭医生、家政服务及其他关系到人民群众生活品质的生活性服务业。
——鼓励居民增加在科技、文化娱乐、信息、旅游等方面的消费。
——加强农村和中小城市商贸流通、文化体育、旅游、宽带网络等基础设施建设,大力促进文化消费、旅游消费和养老消费。
……

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