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Jingdong book

经济中国：探索与思考

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Jingdong book

经济中国：探索与思考

Name: 经济中国：探索与思考
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110011741
Price: 45.73 USD
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Content Description

《经济中国：探索与思考》收录27篇论文，如《商品研发资本与超额价值》《论中国农村土地制度的改革》《中国服务业出口与生产率的关系》《我国少数民族地区城镇居民收入差异性分析》等，从理论研究、应用研究、民族经济、文献综述四个部分对中国当前的经济问题进行了讨论。

Author Description

刘永佶，中央民族大学经济学院教授，博士生导师。提倡经济民主、关注民生的新马克思主义经济学家。代表作有《政治经济学方法论纲要》《主义、方法、主题－－社会主义政治经济学之基本》等。

Catalogue

理论研究
商品研发资本与超额价值
是否存在超越国度主体性的资本主义
——对《全球垄断集团和跨国资本家阶级》一文的质疑
危机的解困与重临
——凯恩斯货币经济学与危机的历史境遇
演化经济学视角下国家在经济增长中的作用
财政共治：一个基本框架的分析
论中国农村土地制度的改革

应用研究
全面建成小康社会下的沿边经济发展条件研究
小规模农业背景下加快农业和农村经济发展的金融支持问题研究
重视农村妇女在农业转型与农村发展中的重要作用
——读托达罗《发展经济学》农业转型与农村发展中妇女重要作用的思考
中国粮食安全问题与对策的研究
影响人民币汇率变动的因素探究
证券公司投资银行业务转型发展浅析
小药丸的革命
——浅析美国避孕药解禁对女性劳动力市场影响之文献
我国收入分配制度下的平等与效率问题探究
——读阿瑟·奥肯的《平等与效率》引发的思考
我国钢铁行业规模经济问题研究
中国服务业出口与生产率的关系
——基于新一新贸易理论的实证研究
从“两缺口”角度分析福建省外资利用问题
比特币的货币特征与风险性分析
计划生育政策调整对人口数量、结构及其影响的研究

民族经济
加快推进拉萨智慧城市建设研究
民族地区农村基础教育公共产品供给现状及差异因素分析
西部民族地区农村公共服务供给现状和差异性分析
我国少数民族地区城镇居民收入差异性分析
城乡统筹视域下东西部乡村现代化发展路径对比分析
——以苏州市江村与拉萨市吞达村为例
论民族地区新型城镇化建设的特殊性及发展方向

文献述评
关于演化经济学增长理论的概述
关于农业专业化生产的文献综述

Book Abstract

(二)关于经济增长福利分配的假设

经济增长的收益如何在经济中被分配，有两种可供选择的机制：技术变迁收益的共谋方式和技术变迁收益的古典方式。共谋方式是指通过劳动力市场上货币工资的提高将经济增长的收益分配给生产者。古典方式是指通过降价导致购买力增加的形式将经济增长的收益分配给消费者。在完全竞争的古典收入分配模型中，人们变得更加富有并不是通过货币工资的提高实现的，而是降价所导致的购买力增加的结果。而在演化经济学收入分配模型中，报酬递增活动中来自技术变迁的大部分收益都以共谋的方式被分配，即通过局部(一国之内)劳动力市场上更高的工资而非国际性的低价格被分配到了社会各阶层。这种经济增长福利在国家内部进行分配，这也正是导致意大利的公共汽车司机的实际工资5倍于生产率相同的玻利维亚公共司机工资的原因所在。

三、演化视角下国家的作用：历史中经济增长的推动者

既然对导致经济增长原因的分析不同，那么对国家在经济增长中的作用得出的结论也不同。正如前面所述，古典和新古典经济学的经济增长理论是建立在均衡分析的框架之上的，国家的作用被排斥在经济理论核心之外，只是以“守夜人”的身份存在；马克思主义和新制度经济学考虑了制度因素对经济增长的影响，分别从生产力一生产关系原理、制度变迁和产权保护等角度考察国家在经济增长中的双重作用；演化经济学从新知识和创新的角度出发，以一种动态的、历史的视角重新审视了国家在经济增长中的积极作用。

(一)马克思主义和制度经济学关于国家在经济增长中作用的阐释

马克思根据国家代表哪个阶级的经济利益、为哪种经济基础服务、是什么阶级的统治机关，把历史上出现的国家类型依次分为奴隶制国家、封建国家、资产阶级国家三种类型。如果国家按照合乎经济发展规律的方向起作用，就会促进经济的发展；如果国家违背经济发展规律而起作用，就会阻碍经济的发展，并引起大量的人力、物力、财力的浪费。马克思认为国家对经济发展起双重作用的原因在于国家阶级性和社会性的冲突，其根源是国家的双重起源，而且国家这种双重作用也是生产力与生产关系之间的矛盾在上层建筑方面的反映。

新制度经济学从四个方面阐述了国家的职能：制度的最大供给者、产权的界定和保护者、制度的第三方实施者和不同利益集团利益关系的协调者。“诺斯悖论”描述了国家与社会经济之间的相互关系，即“国家的存在是经济增长的关键，然而国家又是人为经济衰退的根源”①。国家能否对经济增长起到促进作用关键在于国家所提供的制度是否有效，以及国家是否能够提供有效的产权保护。事实证明，虽然国家是最大的制度供给者，但国家并不了解什么是最好的经济制度，国家将会制定使统治者及其集团收入最大化的规则，所选择的制度也并不是最有效率的。在产权的界定与保护上，国家同样会根据掌权的统治集团的利益界定产权并实施保护，而使统治者租金最大化的所有权结构与降低交易费用、促进经济增长的有效产权并不完全一致，所以国家在大多数情况下提供的是低效率的产权。正如诺思指出，“政府的财政要求可能导致对某些不是促进增长而是阻碍增长的所有权的保护，因此我们不能担保一定会出现生产性的制度安排”②。

……

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