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Jingdong book

国民财富的性质和原因的研究（上卷）

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Jingdong book

国民财富的性质和原因的研究（上卷）

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郭大力、王亚南1965年对上海三联1931年译本重新修订成此版本。王亚南写的《改订译本序言》摘录如下：

“……到1931年，我和郭大力同志，又把该书重译成中文出版，改题为《国富论》……

全国解放以后，人民出版事业要从社会主义当前利益与长远利益来进行全面安排了。商务印书馆为了有计划地翻译介绍世界各国哲学社会科学名著，曾多次向我们提出《国富论》译本的重新校订问题。这个译本已经出版三十五年了。其中有些地方没有把作者的原意明确表达出来，有个别地方还有错误，此外还有不少的语法词汇需要斟酌统一。经陈福生、陈振骅同志校改，译本颇有改进。但其中仍不免有错误的地方，应由我们，特别是应由我来负责。

英国著名资产阶级经济学者亚当·斯密的代表著作《国民财富的性质和原因的研究（上卷）》，出版于1776年。那时，正是英国资本主义的成长时期，英国手工制造业正在开始向大工业过渡，英国产业的发展，还在很大的程度上受着残余的封建制度和流行一时的重商主义的限制政策的束缚。处在青年时期的英国资产阶级，为了清除它前进道路上的障碍，正迫切要求一个自由的经济学说体系，为它鸣锣开道。《国民财富的性质和原因的研究（上卷）》，就是在这个历史时期，负有这样的阶级历史任务而问世的。

Content Description

《国民财富的性质和原因的研究（上卷）》总结了近代初期各国资本主义发展的经验，并在批判吸收了当时有关重要经济理论的基础上，就整个国民经济运动过程作了较系统、较明白的描述。《国民财富的性质和原因的研究（上卷）》出版以后，不但对于英国资本主义的发展，直接产生了重大的促进作用，而且对世界资本主义的发展来说，恐怕也没有过任何其他一部资产阶级的经济学著作，曾产生那么广泛的影响。无怪当时有些资产阶级学者把它奉为至宝。可是，历史很快就把它的局限性和缺点错误显示出来了。

Catalogue

序论及全书设计
第一篇 论劳动生产力增进的原因，并论劳动生产物自然而然地分配给各阶级人民的顺序
第一章 论分工
第二章 论分工的原由
第三章 论分工受市场范围的限制
第四章 论货币的起源及其效用
第五章 论商品的真实价格与名义价格或其劳动价格与货币价格
第六章 论商品价格的组成部分
第七章 论商品的自然价格与市场价格
第八章 论劳动工资
第九章 论资本利润
第十章 论工资与利润随劳动与资本用途的不同而不同
第一节 起因于职业本身性质的不均等
第二节 起因于欧洲政策的不均等

第十一章 论地租
第一节 论总能提供地租的土地生产物
第二节 论有时提供有时不提供地租的土地生产物
第三节 论总能提供地租的生产物与有时提供有时不提供地租的生产物这二者价值比例的变动
顺便谈谈前四世纪银价的变动
第一期
第二期
第三期
金银价值比例的变动
怀疑银价仍在继续跌落的根据
社会进步对三种原生产物的不同影响
第一类
第二类
第三类
关于银价变动的结论
改良的进展对于制造品真实价格的影响
本章的结论

第二篇 论资财的性质及其蓄积和用途
序论
第一章 论资财的划分
第二章 论作为社会总资财的一部门或作为维持国民资本的费用的货币
第三章 论资本积累并论生产性和非生产性劳动
第四章 论贷出取息的资财
第五章 论资本的各种用途

第三篇 论不同国家中财富的不同发展
第一章 论财富的自然的发展
第二章 论罗马帝国崩溃后农业在欧洲旧状态下所受到的阻抑
第三章 论罗马帝国崩溃后都市的勃兴与进步
第四章 都市商业对农村改良的贡献
Book Abstract

第一节 起因于职业本身性质的不均等
就我所能观察到的说，有以下五种主要情况，一方面对某些职业的微薄金钱报酬给予补偿，另一方面又对另一些职业的优厚金钱报酬加以抵消：第一，职业本身有愉快的有不愉快的；第二，职业学习有难有易，学费有多有少；第三，工作有安定的有不安定的；第四，职业所须担负的责任有重有轻；第五，成功的可能性有大有小。
第一，劳动工资因业务有难易、有污洁、有尊卑而不相同。例如，大多数地方，就整年计算，缝工的所得较织工为少，这是因为缝工的工作较为容易。织工的所得较铁匠为少，这是因为织工的工作清洁得多。铁匠虽是一种技工，但十二小时工作所得，往往不及一个普通煤矿工八小时工作所得，这是因为铁匠的工作，不像煤矿工那么污秽危险，而且他是在地面上日光下工作。对于一切尊贵职业，荣誉可以说是报酬的大部分。如本节后面所述，就金钱得利说，考虑到各方面，从事此等职业的报酬一般都很有限。反之，在卑贱的职业上，情形正相反。屠户的职业既粗蛮又讨厌，但在许多地方，他们的得利比大部分其他普通职业多。刽子手的职业，是最可嫌恶的职业，可是，与其工作量相比，他的报酬比任何普通职业都多。
未开化社会视为最重要的渔猎，在进步社会，却成为最愉快的娱乐。古时为必要而渔猎，今日却为消遣而渔猎。
……

Introduction

英国著名资产阶级经济学者亚当·斯密的代表著作《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》，出版于1776年。那时，正是英国资本主义的成长时期，英国手工制造业正在开始向大工业过渡，英国产业的发展，还在很大的程度上受着残余的封建制度和流行一时的重商主义的限制政策的束缚。处在青年时期的英国资产阶级，为了清除它前进道路上的障碍，正迫切要求一个自由的经济学说体系，为它鸣锣开道。亚当·斯密的《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》，就是在这个历史时期，负有这样的阶级历史任务而问世的。这部书总结了近代初期各国资本主义发展的经验，并在批判吸收了当时有关重要经济理论的基础上，就整个国民经济运动过程作了较系统、较明白的描述。此书出版以后，不但对于英国资本主义的发展，直接产生了重大的促进作用，而且对世界资本主义的发展来说，恐怕也没有过任何其他一部资产阶级的经济学著作，曾产生那么广泛的影响。无怪当时有些资产阶级学者把它奉为至宝。可是，历史很快就把它的局限性和缺点错误显示出来了。

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