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Jingdong book

国富国穷

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国富国穷

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世界上邦国林立,为什么富的这么富,穷的这么穷?五六百年前,地球上只有欧洲和中国两个最发达的经济文化中心,为什么在随后的历史发展过程中,这二者之间却拉开了越来越大的差距?在欧洲,为什么葡萄牙、西班牙和英国能先后称霸全球,尔后又逐一衰落?为什么美国、日本能后来居上?

20世纪后期,为什么又有一批国家能够急起直追,迎头赶上,而另一些却陷于穷者愈穷的境地?

《国富国穷》批判和发展了亚当·斯密《国富论》的基本观点,将地理、历史、科技、哲学、宗教、国际政治和传统文化等因素糅合在一起,多层次地分析了财富创造、国家兴衰更替的根本原因,提出了人类应该吸取历史教训,创造性地走出一条“人——自然——社会”协调发展的新路。

《国富国穷》因其主旨宏大,思想精深,而被誉为《新国富论》。
Author Description

戴维·S·兰德斯,美国哈佛大学历史学和经济学教授,著有《时间的革命》(Revolution in Time)和《摆脱束缚的普罗米修斯》(Unbound Prometheus)等书。
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戴维·兰德斯针对世界经济史上成功和失败的重大事例写出了一部精湛的通鉴。他饱含激情、视野开阔、坦陈己见、笔锋犀利。有人以为一个社会的经济兴衰与精神和文化因素无关,读此书后显然会再思一番。

——美国麻省理工学院前经济学教授,1987年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者罗伯特·索罗(Robert Solow)



戴维·兰德斯对现今世界各国贫富分布的由来,作出了新的历史性的研究,展示出一幅辽阔画卷,(该书)充满真知灼见。历史事件固然有其偶然性,但此书会让读者通过各国种种际遇反复体会到一个主题思想,看出欧洲为何在经济上领先。难以置信的渊博学问体现在一种轻快有力的散文式叙述中,它将使读者手不释卷。

——美国著名经济学家,1972年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者,美国斯坦福大学经

济学荣誉教授肯尼思·阿罗(Kenneth Arrow)



真精彩。此书无疑将证明戴维·S·兰德斯在他的领域和时代是杰出的。

——美国著名经济学家约翰·肯尼思·加尔布雷斯(John Kenneth Galbraith)
Catalogue

再版说明

引言

第1章 大自然的不平等

第2章 对地理的回应:欧洲与中国

第3章 欧洲例外论:独特的发展道路

第4章 发明的发明

第5章 地理大发现

第6章 东进喽!

第7章 从地理大发现到帝国的建立

第8章 又苦又甜的岛屿

第9章 东方的帝国

第10章 为了爱财之心

第11章 大财源

第12章 胜利者与失败者:帝国之资产负债表

第13章 工业革命的性质

第14章 为什么是欧洲?为什么在那时?

第15章 英国和别的国家

第26章 失去领先地位

第27章 赢家和……

第28章 输家

第29章 我们是怎样来到这里?我们正走向何方?

译后记
Book Abstract

第1章大自然的不平等

大自然的不平衡,致使热带的不幸图景和温带远为宜人的自然条件形成了鲜明的对比。而温带地区以欧洲的自然条件为最佳;在欧洲内部,西欧则独占鳌头。

以气候为例。欧洲确实有冬季,冷得足以阻止病菌和害虫的大量繁殖。欧洲东部属大陆性气候,越向东走,冬季越寒冷。即使较为温和的冬季也抵御了恼人的疾病发生。这里也有地方病,但不像热带的疾病一样致命或致人残疾。寄生虫引起的疾病是一个例外。有人因此认为,这表明,欧洲人易受流行性疾病的侵袭:他们经受病原菌感染的危险不多,因而未能增强抵抗力。

即使在冬天,西欧的气温也是宜人的。如果在地球上就同一温度划线(等温线),就会发现欧洲大西洋海岸的等温线最弯向北部。挪威海岸位于北纬58°到北纬71°,其冬季的平均气温高于相比低20纬度的佛蒙特州和俄亥俄州。结果,欧洲一年四季都可以种植农作物。

这里的降水相对四季均匀,极少暴雨,“就像来自天堂的毛毛细雨,润物细无声”。这是全球最为奇特的降水样式。整个欧亚大陆夏季的降水较为充足,而冬雨却非如此。冬季,来自大西洋的雨水到达欧洲中部和东部的平原时就减弱了,而亚洲的大草原为陆地所包围,缺少降水,因而有了“戈壁滩”。中国的东部和南部为来自印度支那近海的雨水所救,美国的东南部为墨西哥湾的雨水所救。

……

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