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Jingdong book

二元经济论：过去与现在

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Books Economy World of Economy

Jingdong book

二元经济论：过去与现在

Name: 二元经济论：过去与现在
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110030781
Price: 23.91 USD
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《二元经济论：过去与现在》“二元经济论”，在国内学术界是一个众人皆知、但几乎无人真正理解的理论概念。同样受到忽视的是战后以来发展经济学思想观念与研究方法的演变过程。本书选此为题，希望通过厘清这一概念，来讨论发展经济学家是如何来思考的，发展现象与发展理论之间的关系如何。

Content Description

《二元经济论：过去与现在》以时间先后为顺序，分析了多位经济学家对“二元经济”问题的理论阐述。首先，伯克将殖民时代的印尼爪哇经济划分为“资本主义”与“前资本主义”两个部门，希金斯对此提出批评。其次，刘易斯提出了“传统”经济向“现代”经济的转型。接着，拉尼斯和费景汉建立经济演化论，并据此考察了欧洲、日本、(中国)台湾与韩国的经济发展历程。再接着，本书讨论了20世纪70年代以来，在热带非洲城市化、人口迁移与经济发展问题上的大量争议。以此为背景，本书最后介绍了劳动迁移理论的发展，以及法肯姆普斯等人对城市化发展、市场体系和农业制度的研究。

Catalogue

第一章殖民统治与“二元经济”：伯克与希金斯的论述
第一节伯克眼中的“二元社会
第二节 “二元经济”、农业发展与人口增长——伯克的解释
第三节 “二元经济”的终结？——希金斯的技术决定论

第二章 “传统”社会的“现代化”：刘易斯的经济发展理论
第一节 “传统社会”与“现代社会”：刘易斯的解读
第二节资本家的出现、剩余劳动力、农业生产与“资本主义”部门的成长
第三节刘易斯的二元经济模型
第四节不平衡发展、失业与工资差异：刘易斯的一点修正

第三章从抽象模型到历史比较：拉尼斯与费景汉的经济演化论
第一节拉一费模型
第二节经济发展的自发演化
第三节经济发展的历史模式（欧洲经验）
第四节传统农业社会的经济发展：日本与印度
第五节开放型二元经济的转型增长
第六节工农业的平衡增长与工业部门拉动的增长：中国台湾与韩国的发展经验
第七节平衡增长与经济演化

第四章热带非洲和南亚国家的城市发展与人口迁移
第一节热带非洲的经济发展、城市扩张与劳动迁移
第二节有关印度的经验研究

第五章发展经济学中的劳动迁移模型
第一节托达罗模型
第二节菲尔兹模型
第三节科尔一桑德斯模型
第四节斯塔克等人的“新劳动迁移经济学
第五节内生的迁移成本

第六章不发达地区的市场制度与劳动分工
第一节不发达地区的工业与城市发展前景
第二节 “市场失灵”下的农户选择
第三节不发达地区农村市场的边界与层级
第四节 “合作网络”与“跳蚤市场”：热带非洲的经济制度

第七章结论
参考文献

Book Abstract

第二次世界大战后的发展中国家，大都是以推动“进口替代”的工业化为起点，进入“二元经济”发展的①。在这个转型增长的最初阶段，一方面，必须依赖传统的、以土地资源为基础的农产品出口，来获取国外机器设备；另一方面，受到保护、市场有限、且倾向于使用资本的进口替代工业，并不能提供充足的就业机会②。当国内市场对工业消费品的需求达到饱和，或者初级产品的出口能力达到极限，并使经济遭遇外汇短缺时，就出现了第一个转折点——出口替代点。此时，劳动力过剩的小国，会较快的由农产品的出口，转向劳动密集型制成品的出口。
在劳动密集的出口替代阶段，过剩劳动力可以不断为出口部门所吸纳。这个过程一直持续到“逆转点”和“商业化点”。其中，逆转点标志着农业劳动力的绝对下降。或者说，在农业生产中出现了采用劳动节约型技术的压力；商业化点则标志着劳动力剩余状态的结束。当劳动者的工资收入完全由市场力量来决定时，一方面，外向型工业生产已经不能够建立在廉价劳动力的基础上，它需要依靠技术和资本品的结合；另一方面，由于收入分配朝着有利于劳动力的方向发展，储蓄倾向减少的同时消费需求增加。工业部门的目标，也转向了满足国内市场上持续增长的对工业消费品的需求。
开放型二元经济经历的最后一个转折点是转型点。它实际上标志着在成为农产品净进口国之前（包括进口替代工业化阶段），土地短缺的国家在农业发展上能够取得的全部成就。这段农业发展的经历包括了：农产品出口推动农业生产率提高；生产率的进一步提高，是为了满足国内市场上（非农业部门扩张所引起的）日益增长的农产品需求；农业人口的锐减，使得依靠生产技术的继续改良，也无法满足国内粮食需求。对这些国家的转型增长来说，上述的整个进程是具有特殊意义的：
从农业出口向农业进口的转变何时发生，以及它是在怎样的农业生产基础上发生的，仍然是至关重要的问题。对于欠发达国家而言，在实现平衡的转型式增长的过程中，现有的农业生产力潜力是否得到了充分发挥是非常关键的。如若不然，就会导致全部发展努力的失败——这的确是当代许多欠发达国家身处的现实，或者是陷入了对外资的过分依赖。（Fei和Ranis，1997年）
拉尼斯和费景汉所持的这种态度，来自于他们的一个基本观点：农业和农村的充分发展，以及它所带来的国内经济联系的增强，是经济发展过程中一个必不可少的阶段。落后国家于此取得的进步，既取决于它所继承的殖民时代的遗产（比较图3-5（a）和图3-5（b）），也取决于后殖民时期的工业发展是否保持了与农业和农村的联系，尤其是它是否促进了与农业生产形成互动关系的农村非农业活动。
……

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