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Jingdong book

中国产业发展论丛:产业转移、空间聚集与区域协调

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中国产业发展论丛:产业转移、空间聚集与区域协调

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《中国产业发展论丛:产业转移、空间聚集与区域协调》由十章组成,可以分为区域经济理论与区域协调发展路径思考和实现区域协调发展的基本途径两个部分。从区域经济学理论的新思考以及区域协调发展的战略选项出发,主要讨论了实现区域协调发展的主要途径问题。区域经济学主要研究要素转移以及经济活动空间布局,而以区际非均衡力为主要特征的块状经济,必然导致不断积累聚集力较大区域区位优势的循环累积因果关系。因此,实现区域协调发展的核心就是要打破这种循环累积关系,而其关键是区域间存在各种政策上的“梯度”。
Catalogue

总序 全球经济格局演化与中国发展转型:1970~2020年
前言
第一章 区域经济学基本理论的新思考
1.1 块状经济的形成
1.2 块状经济的主要特征
1.3 区域经济学的基础理论
1.4 小结
参考文献

第二章 实现区域协调发展的战略选项
2.1 引言
2.2 区际差距的形成机理
2.3 实现区域协调发展的基本思路
2.4 小结
参考文献

第三章 欠发达地区工业化所需最小市场规模
3.1 区域产业份额的确定
3.2 欠发达地区工业化所需最小市场规模
3.3 小结
参考文献

第四章 区际产业分布不平衡与政府的有效调控
4.1 厂商自由选择区位时的区际人际收入变动
4.2 政府有效干预时的总体福利提高和最优产业分布
4.3 政府干预无效时的总体福利下降和次优的产业分布
4.4 小结
参考文献

第五章 增长极形成机制及增长极与外围区的关系
5.1 引言
5.2 局部溢出模型概述
5.3 循环累积因果关系
5.4 增长极与外围区的关系
5.5 小结
参考文献

第六章 转移支付与区际收入差距收敛
6.1 引言
6.2 基准模型
6.3 税收补贴模型1——对企业提供补贴
6.4 税收补贴模型2——对劳动者提供补贴
6.5 小结
附录
参考文献

第七章 税收政策与区际收入差距收敛
7.1 引言
7.2 模型构建
7.3 政策分析
7.4 小结
参考文献

第八章 户籍制度、高房价与城乡收入差距收敛
8.1 引言
8.2 基本模型:弗卢格模型
8.3 模型拓展:城市高房价与户籍制度
8.4 福利分析:城乡收入差距与城市不同群体收入差距
8.5 小结
参考文献

第九章 区际生态补偿主体与补偿模式
9.1 引言
9.2 基准模型
9.3 长期均衡与污染外部性分析
9.4 生态补偿模型
9.5 小结
附录
参考文献

第十章 环境标准与产业区位选择
10.1 引言
10.2 基本假设和模型框架
10.3 模型的主要变量
10.4 均衡的稳定性分析
10.5 小结
参考文献
Book Abstract

3.由国家向地方主动转变,进而形成中央和地方的良性互动。无论是20世纪80年代的深圳特区开发开放,还是90年代的浦东新区开发开放,都是国家自上而下的战略思考。自上而下的发展战略,主要是国家根据国家总体发展战略,以及当地所处的位置和发展阶段而提出的发展战略,因此可以用世界上最好的规划师用世界上最先进的技术,制定出最大胆的规划,甚至可以超越过某些阶段,实现跨越式发展。为了更快、更好地实现国家的战略意图,实行自上而下的发展战略时,中央政府会利用手中的一切资源和手段来提供支持,这种支持通常是一些独享性的大项目和优惠政策。因此,无论是深圳特区还是浦东新区,国家及相关部委给予了大量资金和项目的“真金白银”支持。例如,对于浦东新区,除了1990年中央宣布开发开放浦东时给予浦东享有我国经济技术开发区的全部优惠政策和特区的基本优惠政策的“10条政策”外,1992年,国务院又给予浦东扩大了五类项目的审批权限,增加了五个方面的资金筹措渠道。当时,国家的优惠政策对于一个地区的发展几乎是具有决定性影响的。但在后金融危机时期,所有获批的地方发展战略都是地方政府主动申请,国家根据国家总体发展战略和地方发展实际进行批复,而且批复后几乎都不给予传统的财税和资金方面的支持,通常只是允许在某些方面“先行先试”。正是由于新时期国家批复区域发展战略游戏规则的改变,使得各个省份竞相根据其具有的比较优势和发展状况,试图寻找适合于自身发展的区域发展战略,并尽可能把它上升到国家发展战略层面。在中央政府不会给予资金和项目上的支持的情况下,地方政府仍一再坚持报批规划的主要原因在于,报批获得的“国家级开发区”名号是一顶很有用的“帽子”。地方政府利用头上的这项帽子,可以名正言顺地向国家相关部委寻求政策上的支持、向央企寻求项目合作、向银行寻求贷款支持、向外展开招商引资等。这显然是一个中央和地方共赢的博弈结果,也正是近期几乎所有省份都在积极向中央报批区域发展规划(一般相对容易得到批复)的原因。这种中央和地方的互动既有利于实施国家发展战略,又有利于调动地方发展经济的积极性。
上述这些我国区域经济总体格局上的调整,为实现区域经济协调发展创造了机遇和条件,也反映了我国对区域协调发展的重视程度和所倾注的力度。然而,对如何实现区域协调发展,尤其何为实现区域协调发展的战略性选项并不是所有人都很清晰的。本章①将重点讨论实现区域协调发展的战略性选项问题。
2.2 区际差距的形成机理
两个多世纪以来,空间问题一直不能进入主流经济学的研究领域,其主要原因是缺乏处理规模收益递增和不完全竞争的技术工具,或者说无法突破“空间不可能定理”的屏障。我们常把空间不可能定理作为研究空间(区域)问题时的一种参照系。根据空间不可能定理,当研究空间经济问题时,如果认为不存在规模收益递增现象,且把经济活动区位的不同状况归结为空间的非均质特性,则可以在新古典的一般均衡框架下讨论空间问题,如杜能的农业区位理论、李嘉图的比较优势理论以及赫克歇尔一俄林的要素禀赋理论等,都强调了这种空间的非均质性特征,且在新古典的一般均衡框架下都有解。如果认为存在规模收益递增,则此时的市场结构为不完全竞争,无法在新古典一般均衡框架下进行研究,因为此时不存在空间竞争的解或只存在零解。然而现实中的许多经济现象都具有规模收益递增的特征,经济活动区位更是如此,因此许多区域问题无法在新古典框架下进行讨论。
如果规模收益递增,那么每个企业都专注于具有规模收益递增特征的产品的生产,因而也就成为该产品生产领域的垄断厂商,并成为该产品的专业化厂商。因此,规模经济必然促使专业化大规模生产方式的出现。此时,如果贸易成本很高,那么在专业化生产基地集中生产某种产品并运到其他市场区消费时的成本大于其他市场区自产自销该产品时的成本,则此时就不能形成统一的大市场,可能出现相互分割的两个或多个市场。
……

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