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农林复合系统可持续经营研究

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Jingdong book

农林复合系统可持续经营研究

Name: 农林复合系统可持续经营研究
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110048361
Price: 26.81 USD
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《农林复合系统可持续经营研究》通过收集有关资料、专家咨询、农户调查、实地考察和试验等手段，采用定性与定量研究方法，系统研究了乌兰布和沙漠东北部农林复合系统的土地利用状况、水资源合理利用、生态环境及其对农作物产量的影响、能量流动、物质循环规律；运用多元统计分析方法进行综合效益评价，建立了综合效益评价指标体系；深入探讨了乌兰布和沙漠东北部地区农林复合系统的经营管理问题，提出了乌兰布和沙漠东北部地区农林复合系统可持续发展的对策。该研究不仅丰富了森林可持续经营的理论，同时也为该地区农林复合系统的经营提供了技术指导。

Author Description

马利强，1971年11月生，内蒙古托克托县人，内蒙古工业大学副教授，高级经济师，内蒙古工业大学校办产业管理处处长。1993年毕业于内蒙古林学院森林保护专业；2007年获内蒙古工业大学项目管理工程硕士学位；2009年获内蒙古农业大学森林经理学博士学位。2010年至2012年，在中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所进行生态学科博士后研究工作。参与“十一五”国家科技支撑计划资助和国家、自治区自然科学基金等多个项目的研究，在核心学术期刊发表论文10余篇。多年来一直从事森林经理、森林生态学基础和应用基础理论研究，主要研究方向：农林复合生态系统可持续经营管理。

Catalogue

序
前言
1 绪论
1.1 问题的提出及其背景
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.2.1 农林复合系统研究总体概况
1.2.2 农林复合系统水资源利用研究
1.2.3 农林复合系统土地利用率研究
1.2.4 农林复合系统综合效益研究
1.2.5 农林复合系统能流和物流研究
1.2.6 农林复合系统可持续经营研究
1.2.7 乌兰布和沙漠东北部农林复合系统研究
1.3 研究目的和意义
1.4 研究内容与技术路线
1.4.1 研究内容
1.4.2 技术路线

2 研究区概况与研究方法
2.1 研究区自然条件
2.1.1 地理位置
2.1.2 气候条件
2.1.3 地质地貌
2.1.4 土壤条件
2.1.5 植被状况
2.1.6 水文条件
2.2 研究区社会经济状况
2.3 研究方法
2.3.1 资料调研
2.3.2 野外测定
2.3.3 问卷调查
2.3.4 室内数据分析

3 研究的理论基础
3.1 生态学基础
3.1.1 生态系统原理
3.1.2 能量与能流原理
3.1.3 物质与物质流原理
3.1.4 物种相互作用规律
3.1.5 生物多样性原理
3.2 社会经济学基础
3.2.1 增产与增值原则
3.2.2 供求法则
3.2.3 利用自然资源与劳动力资源原则
3.2.4 其他原则
3.3 生态系统经营理论
3.4 系统工程理论
3.5 可持续经营理论

4 水资源合理利用与绿洲可持续发展关系研究
4.1 磴口绿洲的形成、兴衰与发展的历程
4.1.1 远古时期磴口绿洲的形成
4.1.2 汉代至元明清时期的磴口绿洲
4.1.3 新中国成立前的磴口绿洲
4.1.4 新中国成立后磴口绿洲社会经济复兴与发展
4.2 磴口绿洲水资源状况
4.2.1 水资源的构成
4.2.2现有水资源总量与用水总量
4.3 磴口绿洲水资源承载力
4.3.1 水资源承载力的概念
4.3.2 影响水资源承载力的因素
4.3.3 我国水资源承载力评价指标体系
4.4 磴口绿洲水资源供需平衡分析
4.4.1 水资源供给能力
4.4.2 水资源需求量
4.4.3 水资源供需平衡分析
4.5 磴口绿洲灌区水资源承载力分析
……

5 土地利用状况与农民人居生活关系研究
6 农林复合系统生态效应的研究
7 农林复合系统能流与物流研究
8 农林复合系统综合效益评价
9 农林复合系统可持续经营管理研究
10 结论与讨论
附录
参考文献

Book Abstract

（4）农林复合系统能流与物流研究。
能量流动和物质循环是生态系统的基本功能，是系统结构与功能的综合反映。生态系统的组分及量比关系不同，其能流和物流的路径、效率也不相同，进而决定整个系统生产力的高低。一个生态系统的稳定与否，关键在于该生态系统的物质是否能够高效循环、能量是否能够正常流动。因此，衡量或评价一个生态系统能否可持续发展，最重要的就是要研究和评价生态系统的能流、物流状况，并由此来调整生态系统各子系统的结构和物质的输入与输出，从而为整个生态系统的可持续发展奠定最为坚实的基础。本书结合1991-2008年的统计数据，运用输入一输出分析法，对磴口县农林复合系统的能流和物流特征进行了定性、定量分析，以探明生态系统的能流和物流规律，为系统结构优化提供参考。
（5）农林复合系统综合效益评价。
综合效益的大小是标志人工生态系统经营管理质量的重要指标。本书根据野外测定、室内计算和社会调查等所取得的数据，采用层次分析法（AHP），对区域内选取的8种农林复合系统模式（T1~T8），以纯农地（T01）和纯林地（T02）作为对照，本着简单、实效的原则，确定并建立了有关生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的14项指标组成的评价指标体系，从生态效益、经济效益、社会效益及综合效益方面进行了分析和评价，为实现当地农业和林业可持续发展及提高农村社会经济发展水平提供理论依据。
（6）农林复合系统可持续经营管理研究。
农田系统和防护林系统是不可分割的统一体。二者共同发挥着生态效益、经济效益和社会效益，组成了农林复合系统。因此，农田防护林体系的健康发展便成为农林复合系统可持续发展必不可少的一部分。本书从影响乌兰布和沙漠东北部农田防护林体系发展的“瓶颈”人手，就农田防护林体系经营管理的改进、对农田作物的经营管理措施、促进农田防护林发展的政策建议和充分调动农民的积极性四方面提出了农田防护林体系持续发展的建议。
……

Introduction

乌兰布和沙漠东北部位于内蒙古西部的东缘，属于后套平原西延部分，是河套灌区的主要产粮区之一。20世纪50年代至今，磴口县党和政府带领人民群众为了保证粮食的稳产、高产，遏制风沙危害等自然灾害，经过长期的艰苦努力，在乌兰布和沙漠东北部营造了大面积的人工防护林，构筑了结构不同的人工林防护林体系，对沙区农田的高产稳产及多种经营起到了有力的屏障作用。防护林和农田相互联系、相互作用，构成了众多规模大小不等、功能相对完善的农林复合系统，在乌兰布和沙漠东北部形成了人工绿洲景观。它作为干旱区独有的地理景观，支撑着该地区的社会经济持续发展。
在这种特殊生态环境特点建立的农林复合系统，其稳定性如何？现有的农田防护林体系是否健康？存在哪些主要问题？不同配置模式功能发挥如何？效益能否最大化？如何进一步合理布局、科学经营、有效利用自然资源？保证区域经济、社会、环境的协调发展，成为干旱区经济、社会和环境可持续发展研究和探讨的重要科学问题。
……

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