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中国农户小额信贷影响研究

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中国农户小额信贷影响研究

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《中国农户小额信贷影响研究》在归纳总结国际小额信贷成功的发展模式和经验的基础上,从理论、实证和政策三个层面系统地对中国小额信贷进行了影响评价。以金融经济学、宏观经济学、信息经济学和创新理论的基本原理为指导,综合运用多种研究方法,按照我国小额信贷发展的阶段,着重对现存的主要小额信贷机构的农户小额信贷的影响进行了评价,并对提高和改进影响的操作和政策进行了深入的探讨。理论上对小额信贷的相关概念进行了界定,对小额信贷的扶贫效应、国际小额信贷的主要发展模式及小额信贷影响评价体系与方法进行了理论回顾与探讨;实证研究方面在实地考察和调研的基础上分别对农业银行、农信社和村镇银行农户小额信贷的影响评价进行了研究;政策上分析了当前其他商业性小额信贷机构和非政府组织小额信贷机构的发展前景和发展对策,并提出了中国小额信贷的有效监管框架和可持续发展的整体政策建议。三个层面的分析具体采用了归纳和演绎、实证和规范、定性和定量相结合的研究方法,并注重方法和指标上的创新,使得整个研究层次分明,重难点突出,自成系统。
Catalogue

第一章 引言
第一节 研究的目的和意义
第二节 小额信贷及其相关概念界定
第三节 本书的研究框架和研究方法

理论篇
第二章 小额信贷扶贫效应的理论回顾
第一节 贫困的测定和分布
第二节 反贫困的国际经验与中国反贫困的主要实践
第三节 反贫困战略中小额信贷的金融制度创新

第三章 小额信贷发展模式的国际比较和成功经验
第一节 小额信贷发展的洲际分布和区域特点
第二节 国际小额信贷典型的发展模式及其比较
第三节 国际小额信贷的发展趋势和成功经验

第四章 小额信贷影响评价体系与方法
第一节 小额信贷的影响评价体系
第二节 小额信贷影响评价的方法
第三节 国际小额信贷影响评价的实践
理论篇小结

实证篇
第五章 小额信贷在中国的实践
第一节 小额信贷在中国的发展历程及其运行特征
第二节 小额信贷与中国农村金融市场的非均衡
第三节 小额信贷在中国的影响研究

第六章 农业银行农户小额信贷影响评价的实证研究
第一节 中国农业银行农户小额信贷扶贫的发展历程和现状
第二节 农业银行小额信贷扶贫影响评价的实证分析——以广西壮族自治区为例
第三节 农业银行惠农卡农户小额信贷影响评价的实证分析

第七章 农村信用社农户小额信贷影响评价的实证研究
第一节 中国农村信用社开展农户小额信贷业务的现状
第二节 农信社农户小额信贷影响评价的实证分析——以湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州为例
第三节 农信社农户小额信贷面临的问题分析
第四节 农信社小额信贷影响改进的政策建议

第八章 村镇银行农户小额信贷影响评价的实证研究
第一节 新型农村金融机构的设立及影响
第二节 四川仪陇惠民村镇银行农户小额信贷影响评价的实证分析
第三节 湖北省村镇银行农户小额信贷影响评价的实证分析
第四节 促进村镇银行发展的政策建议
实证篇小结

政策篇
第九章 其他商业性小额信贷机构的发展前景和政策建议
第一节 邮政储蓄银行小额信贷的发展前景与政策建议
第二节 农村资金互助社小额信贷的发展前景和政策建议
第三节 小额贷款公司小额信贷的发展前景及政策建议

第十章 非政府组织小额信贷的发展前景和政策建议
第一节 非政府组织小额信贷的实践
第二节 中国非政府组织小额信贷的主要问题
第三节 中国非政府组织小额信贷机构的前景展望和政策建议

第十一章 中国小额信贷的有效监管和可持续发展
第一节 国际小额信贷机构监管的原则和经验
第二节 中国小额信贷机构的有效监管框架
第三节 政府在小额信贷可持续发展中的作用
政策篇小结
参考文献
后记
Book Abstract

小额信贷和农村金融
农村金融是指为农村地区提供的、由所有收入水平的人使用的金融服务。农业金融是农村金融的一个分支,即专门为与农业相关的活动提供的金融服务,如农业生产资料的供应、生产、销售和批发、市场营销活动等。
第二次世界大战以后,许多获得政治独立的发展中国家,为了摆脱对西方国家的经济依赖,促进本国经济迅速增长并有效削减贫困,实行了“赶超式”经济发展战略。这一战略对农村经济的关注,表现为大量的补贴性信贷资金被源源不断地通过各种政策性金融机构投放到农业部门和农村地区。这种传统农村金融政策的基本特征:一是单方面强调优惠贷款的作用,通常以低于市场水平的补贴性利率发放贷款,或附有其他优惠条款;二是以国有政策性金融机构为信贷投放主体。然而,这种强调贷款供给的传统农村金融政策,在以后几十年的国际经济发展实践中并没有获得成功。其造成的不利后果一是低利率政策抑制储蓄,并对民营金融机构具有排挤效果;二是当政府性信贷资金被更多地视为一种补贴或者拨款而不是贷款的时候,必将导致较低的还贷率,并会进一步破坏信用环境;三是低利率信贷资金并没有使普通农户真正受惠,而是常常被那些乡镇社区中的有权阶层获得。
在这样的历史背景下,各国开始实行以开放市场为基本特征的农村金融改革,农村经济发展政策的“新方法”逐渐兴起。为顺应这种潮流,自20世纪70年代以来,规模不一的小额信贷已经在非洲、亚洲、拉丁美洲、加拿大乃至美国等广大区域内迅速发展起来。在有些国家,小额信贷已经具备能够为农村人口提供系统性金融服务的可持续的制度体系,因此,小额信贷实际上是农村金融服务的一种制度创新。
小额信贷与一般农村金融的服务目标有相当的重合,基本目标都是促进增长、增加收入和减缓贫困。在图1.1 中,为农村贫困人口提供的金融服务由小额信贷领域和农村金融及农业金融的重叠阴影部分表示,它包括根据农村地区贫困人口的需要所设计的各种用途和来源的金融服务,服务的提供者既包括金融机构,如银行和信贷联盟,也包括非金融机构。
Introduction

朱乾宇同志目前正在北京大学做博士后研究工作,我是她的指导老师。她作为我的研究助理协助我从事研究教育部社科重大课题攻关项目“金融市场全球化下的中国金融监管体系研究”(07JZD0010),她主要研究中国农村金融监管问题。她的研究方向是金融学,近些年来,她对农村金融中的农户小额信贷问题进行了大量研究,尤其对少数民族贫困地区的农户小额信贷问题进行了深入研究,取得了丰硕成果,受到好评。在深入研究的基础上写出了《中国农户小额信贷影响研究》一书。
长期以来,金融服务尤其是信贷服务的缺乏已经成为制约中国农村经济发展的瓶颈,广大的低收入贫困农户长期得不到正规金融机构的金融服务和支持,仍然在贫困和低收入的边缘徘徊。在当前全球金融危机影响逐渐加深的宏观经济背景下,大量的农民工失业返乡,他们对于创业资金的需求更加凸显了农村金融供给不足的矛盾。要提高农民收入、解决“三农”问题、建设社会主义新农村,中国的农村金融急需提供新的供给主体并在组织和制度上进行创新。
小额信贷,这种为贫困和低收入群体提供的额度较小的无抵押、无担保的信贷服务方式,已在众多的发展中国家得到了广泛的推广,并被国际社会视为减缓贫困的一种有效金融制度创新。与此同时,国际社会上越来越多的目光也开始关注小额信贷的具体影响及如何进一步提高其经济和社会影响。中国作为小额信贷推广较晚的国家,小额信贷在发展过程中遇到了许多困难,各种类型的小额信贷和不同的小额信贷机构在发展的过程中都面临着一些亟待解决的问题。要想充分地发挥小额信贷的经济和社会绩效,对这些问题进行研究是十分必要的。

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