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Jingdong book

中国经济可持续增长机制研究

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Books Economy China Economy

Jingdong book

中国经济可持续增长机制研究

Name: 中国经济可持续增长机制研究
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110193941
Price: 50.38 USD
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《中国经济可持续增长机制研究》是中国社会科学院重大课题《中国经济可持续增长机制研究》的最终成果。为了探索中国长期经济增长规律，中国社会科学院经济研究所“中国经济增长”课题组，在国内外相关研究基础上，对近年来经济发展的事实和理论进行了梳理。课题组认为中国经济仍处于赶超阶段，结构失衡性资源配置方式能促进经济高速增长，提出了外部冲击对政府配置资源的约束，“干中学”技术进步的边际递减及转变目标等。
《中国经济可持续增长机制研究》章节安排主要是依据本课题组提出的相对价格调整理论与S型增长曲线模型展开的，其中以下几点值得关注：
一是可持续发展评价体系的构建。工业化先行国家经验表明，人均GDP3000～10000美元是一个充斥了各种矛盾的加速增长阶段，而我国已步入该阶段。在这个S型曲线加速上升阶段，经济与资源、环境及社会发展矛盾将被激化。由此，单一的增长评价方式不可能充分理解这一阶段的动态图景，经济发展评价需要把资源约束、增长福利和增长代价这样的指标纳入进来，进行多角度考察。
二是体制改革深化与可持续增长。立足于中国国情的本土化制度创新模式，通过创造性的制
度选择与制度安排，有效动员了社会经济资源，取得了良好发展绩效。们认为，下一步中国体制改革的目标和方式应把重心放在有利于促进科技进步和可持续增长方。为此，应深入研究三大问题：第一，经济增长方式由政府主导向市场主导转变，更大程度发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，重新认识可持续增长要求下的国家经济职能。第二，对现行财政体制、投融资体制进行结构性变革，为微观主体创新营造宽松环境。第三，加快建立以公共服务均等化为目标的公共服务体制，包括社会保障体系的完善、城乡公共服务差别的消除等。
三是城市化与可持续增长。新增长模型主要探讨经济增长的可持续性问题，但对于知识外溢性导致的经济活动空间聚集以及空间聚集对于加速人力资本积累的作用很少论述，即城市化如何促进经济增长的问题。工业化先行国家经济增长经验显示，经济高速增长时期伴随着城市化快速发展，报酬递增的实现是工业化和城市化相互促进的结果。

Catalogue

引言
一、国内外文献综述
二、理论构建及其突破
三、本书安排与研究重点
第一篇中国经济增长的路径
第一章中国奇迹与经济可持续增长
一、中国奇迹的见证——纵横双向比较
二、中国经济增长的主线与阶段
三、中国经济增长特征及可持续增长机制选择
四、中国经济实现可持续增长的政策选择
第二章结构变迁与经济增长
一、结构变迁历程及特征
二、农村经济改革与农业发展
三、工业化、城市化与结构调整
四、区域经济发展分化
五、结构优化与增长方式转变
第三章福利改进与社会发展
一、经济增长方式转变与福利改进
二、社会事业发展及其差异性
三、居民收入增长与消费需求提振
四、经济增长与社会发展协调平衡

第二篇中国经济可持续增长的动力
第四章经济体制改革
一、制度变革打开了中国高增长之门
二、渐进式改革的历程、成因与成效
三、制度变革下增长潜力的释放
四、深化改革与经济可持续发展
第五章对外开放
一、对外开放与经济增长
二、对外开放的路径选择与制度供给
三、开放条件下的增长、稳定与政策挑战
四、开放质量的提升与可持续性增长
第六章劳动力资源开发
一、劳动力开发模式与经济增长
二、中国劳动力资源的开发机制
三、劳动力资源的二次开发与可持续增长
第七章技术进步
一、技术进步状况与经济增长
二、技术进步路径转换：从“干中学”转向自主创新
三、自主研发和技术引进对经济可持续增长的影响
四、技术进步的促进政策
第八章资本形成
一、资本积累与经济增长的理论和经验分析
二、中国资本形成路径分析
三、投资与消费变动规律
四、投资效率的改进
第九章财政支持
一、财政支持对经济增长的作用
二、财政体制改革与宏观调控
三、公共财政建立与可持续增长
第十章金融发展
一、经济增长中的货币作用分析
二、中国金融发展不平衡的结构根源
三、中国政府主导型金融结构的形成
四、金融结构调整和经济可持续增长
五、可持续发展的金融体制保障
……
第三篇中国经济潜在增长水平与可持续增长
第四篇中国经济可持续发展评价体系与展望

Book Abstract

（一）适合国情的资源动员方式
中国在改革初期面临着工业化所需生产要素严重匮乏的问题，这些生产要素包括货
币资本、有一定素质与技能的职工、工业原料和土地、机器设备、科学技术，以及能源
和交通等基础设施。因此，生产要素的形成就成为中国工业化和经济发展的关键所在。
在单一公有制下，利用计划经济体制强大的组织动员能力，国家能最大限度地将人、
财、物集中于工业部门，在较短的时期内形成大量的生产要素，从而尽快摆脱“贫困
的恶性循环”困境和解决发展性短缺问题。但由此带来的问题是欲速则不达，因为价格机制失效，分配过于平均，微观主体的生产积极性受挫，使得经济增长粗放，且政府组织的资源利用效率低下，增长失去了可持续性。
改革以来，为了保证生产要素的有效供给，同时消除传统计划体制下政府过度集中和使用资源的弊端，中国采取的战略是先适当放开部分最终产品价格，形成局部较高收益的市场，吸引各类资源投入来扩大供给，同时以低劳动力成本、低土地价格以及实际低税收来降低成本，创造竞争力。这些措施包括改革早期农民工工资仅仅按维持其基本生存的“剩余劳动力”定价，并且不供给住房、社会保障等城市居民所需要的工资外成本，农民工的这一切都在乡村土地上得到解决；政府发展工业对乡镇土地征用是低价的。通过农村的廉价土地和剩余劳动力把工业化的成本节约下来，不仅在早期“离土不离乡”的乡镇工业上达到了低成本，而后的农村劳动力转移则使中国城市工业产业继续保持了这一低成本优势。对企业紧缺的金融资源则采取国家银行垄断的形式来分配，为此，政府设计了一套动员社会金融资源的特殊机制，即通过国家隐性担保银行不破产的全民储蓄动员，最大限度地集中全社会的金融资源；同时，利用国家控的金融机构信用扩张手段将金融资源大量输入企业。自20世纪80年代以来，为解决经济增长所需要的资金，通过财政资金向银行信贷的转移，建立了以国家银行为主的金融体系，银行提供企业的固定资产投资信贷：一是银行体系发放中短期设备贷款，中短期设备贷款是银行向企业发放的用于固定资产更新改造的贷款（称技术改造贷款）。
二是银行体系实际参与基本建设投资贷款发放，成为固定资产投资资金供给主体。
以上策略集中了中国的优势资源，从工业化人手，使中国的竞争力显现，其后通过对外开放使竞争力成为开拓市场的利器，促进了经济快速增长。这种集中国家资源、短期内实现赶超的战略，在中国的成功实施，有赖于渐进调整的相对价格体系.也就是政府对生产要素价格的合理控制，这也是中国渐进式改革的重要组成部分。这种通过控制生产要素来调节经济增长的策略，使经济增长的潜力得到了有效释放，同时在不同时期能形成特定的优势经济体，如改革初期价格双轨制促进农村乡镇企业兴起、其后东部地带对外开放形成的高增长、然后是住房市场化后城市化的快速推进等，都与国家局部放松控制，调整相对价格体系，形成特定竞争优势相关。这些政策的实施，保证了经济改革的有序性，也使国民经济发展相对平稳。现在，中国政府仍然掌控着大量生产要素资源，如对金融资源定价，现在利率仍由政府掌控；对重要原材料价格仍未完全放开；政府对矿山、土地等资源拥有所有权等，未来需视经济发展和市场状态来逐步调整与改革。
……

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