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Jingdong book

正义的成本：当法律遇上经济学

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Jingdong book

正义的成本：当法律遇上经济学

Name: 正义的成本：当法律遇上经济学
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110204441
Price: 31.35 USD
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熊秉元以优雅的散文形式，将经济分析的方法带进法律学，阐释经济学上的“效率”和法律上的“正义”。一般读者读了本书有助于判断事务，分析问题。经济学者可扩展视野，找到新的研究方向。法律学者读了本书，也可扩展视野，并学习到一种新的思考方法。

Content Description

当经济学与法学相遇，会衍生出什么样的学问呢？熊秉元教授在说明法律经济学旨趣的同时，回顾了法律经济学的发展史，介绍了法律经济学的奠基人物的基本思想。

作者以平实、精确、有趣、深入浅出的文字，阐释经济行为、成本、效率等概念，建构一套严谨的经济分析架构，并用于讨论契约、正义等法律问题。这些问题的提出和处理方式，显示经济学上的效率和司法学上的正义确有密切的关联，及互相启发之处。

Author Description

熊秉元，台湾地区家喻户晓的经济学家，曾在国际知名学术期刊发表论文推翻著名的“科斯定理”。在华人经济学界，与张五常、黄有光、林行止并称为“四侠”，现为浙江大学教授，并担任多所国内外高校兼职教授。

著名法律经济学家。台大经济系毕业，美国布朗大学取得硕博士学位后，返回母校，在台大经济系暨研究所任教二十余年，主要研究领域为法律经济学和经济学方法论。目前为浙江大学永谦讲座教授，浙江大学法律与经济研究中心主任，并在澳门大学法学院任教。近年来在两岸推展“法律经济学”，渐有成果。
熊秉元还是一位颇具影响力的散文家。1993年，推出一本经济学散文集《寻找心中那把尺》，即获选为“金鼎奖”推荐著作。新著作《优雅的理性：用经济学眼光看世界》、《正义的成本：当法律遇上经济学》备受好评。

Comments

今天，在不少法律经济学的大部头著作已经被翻译为中文出版的时候，熊秉元先生这本篇幅不大的著作能够在大陆问世具有别样的意义。作者用他在经济学和法学深厚的双边造诣、充满慧见的叙述、俯拾皆是的生动例证以及清雅简约、款款道来的文笔，让我们在愉快的阅读中得以对法律经济学一窥堂奥。尤其是对于法学院的师生和法律实务家来说，更是不可多得的引人入门且引人入胜之作。
——贺卫方

本书结合了散文之美，经济分析的谨严和法学上的想象力，充满智能结晶，是一本值得一读再读的好书。
——王泽鉴

Catalogue

“熊”出书，“鹤”作序慧见法律经济学贺卫方

第一章法学干卿底事?
当法律和一般民众的实际行为有落差时，压抑已久的积怨，就会像山洪般地宣泄而出。如克林顿绯闻案。

第二章你的房屋,我的房屋
追求公平正义时，不能只注意结果，而必须考虑所付出的资源。也就是说“对公平正义的追求，不能无视代价”。

第三章刻画经济人
面对人千奇百怪的行为，经济学家希望能找出源头，建立一个在相当程度上能放诸四海而皆准的分析架构。

第四章人生而自由平等?!
如果人类直接迈入科技社会，女性的表现可能会优于男性；各行各业的领导者可能都是女性。

第五章个体行为和总体现象
法律愈严，犯错的价格愈高；反之，亦然。因此，在设想法律时，就可以参考经济学中的需求法则所透漏出的信息。

第六章故事书里的故事
虽然平等和效率、政治和经济，都是天壤般的差别。但这种看似矛盾的组合，或许是巧妙无比的天作之合。

第七章经济分析的深层意义
经济学者所一直努力尝试的，是由不同的角度，把经济分析所隐含的平实简单的智慧结晶带给一般社会大众！

第八章仇人眼中长刺猬
在科斯的世界里, 污水、噪音、黑烟等, 是正常经济活动的一部分；在真实的世界里,经济活动像是一场多回合的球赛。

第九章无怨无悔的爱?
波斯纳法官曾说：“对于公平正义的追求，不能无视代价。”这句名言很巧妙地为经济分析和法学问题搭起了桥梁。

第十章谁的剑谱，谁的武功? /
五星级厕所和百年危楼共存的景象当然有点荒谬可笑，不过,这多少算是后见之明的智慧。

第十一章岂止是明察秋毫而已
即使最民主的社会里，某些方面也都残留着专制独裁。那么，我们对于自己周遭的不仁不义，是否也该有所因应呢？

第十二章法学和经济学的对话
正义和效率都是人们在演化过程里为了生存和繁衍所发展出来的概念。连接了它们，也就连接了法学和经济学。

Book Abstract

人神之间
前一段时间上课时，讨论到人的“自利心”，少不了又有一番争论；许多人质疑：人不完全是自利的，慈善家和宗教家都是一心为人、是利他的。我觉得多言无益，就福至心灵地出了个家庭作业：以三人一组为单位，去探究一下在宗教和慈善团体里，到底怎么处理“资源分配”和“奖惩升迁”的问题。
对我来说，观念很简单：在宗教和慈善团体里，也面对资源分配的问题。同样一笔钱，用到一种志业，就不能用到其他志业；负责不同志业的人，难道不会为自己的志业争取资源吗？同样的，宗教和慈善团体，既然是组织，就有各种职务和位阶。难道这些组织里的人，不会有竞争较劲的情怀和作为吗？
两个星期之后，我收到交来的作业；虽然写得都很用心，但是其中只有一组真正触及问题的核心——他们从台北搭飞机到东部花莲，实地访谈一个著名的宗教团体；他们发现，这个团体是以微妙的方式，处理资源分配和奖惩升迁的问题。
有趣的是，很多报告提到，当他们访谈一些宗教和慈善机构时，刚开始气氛都很好。但是，一旦他们问到实质的竞争和取舍问题时，受访者往往脸色大变，然后冷漠以对。
对于一般人来说，由“自利心”的角度来看慈善和宗教团体，似乎是以小人之心度君子之腹，是一种亵渎。不过，如果能保持着一点智识上的好奇，再心平气和一些，也许可以对宗教和慈善活动有更深刻的了解。
芝加哥大学法学院讲座米勒教授（GMiller），1993年在知名学术刊物《法律研究期刊》（JournalofLegalStudies）发表论文，对《圣经》的内容提出一种前所未有、但发人深省的解释。
论文的主旨，可以借着一个假设性的问题来反映：一个厂商会设法包装自己的产品，以吸引消费者、并追求自己的利益。同样的，古希伯来时代的祭司们，也可以看成是提供祈祷祭祀的厂商；他们既是决定宗教仪式的裁判，又是享受祭祀奉献的受益者。那么，他们会如何设定各种游戏规则，以符合自己的利益呢？
《圣经·创世记》里该隐（Cain）和亚伯（Abel）两兄弟的故事，提供了鲜活的说明。哥哥该隐是农夫，弟弟亚伯是牧羊人。亚伯把羊群里的头胎（firstborn）羔羊，带到祭坛作为奉献；该隐的奉献，则是他收成的一些农作物。耶和华（通过祭司）接受了亚伯的礼物，却拒绝了该隐的献礼。该隐既羞且怒，因此在旷野里谋害了亚伯。耶和华察觉了该隐的罪行，就在他额头上烙上印记（MarkofCain），罚他终生流浪、受人唾弃。
米勒认为，这个故事透露了几点讯息。首先，对祭司而言，羊肉不只比农产品味道鲜美，而且比较有价值；其次，以“最先得到的收获物（thefirstfruitsrule）”作为祭品，可以确保（祭司的）收入。还有，祭品不够丰盛的，会被拒绝；让该隐流浪示众，等于是四处宣扬祭礼的游戏规则。
此外，亚伯拉罕（Abraham）的故事，也同样耐人寻味。神告诉亚伯拉罕：“带着你挚爱的儿子以撒（Issac）到摩利亚（Moriah）高地的祭坛，把他焚烤作为祭礼。”虔诚的亚伯拉罕带着儿子，跋涉三天之后到达祭坛；当他把以撒绑在一堆木柴上，正准备下手时，耶和华的使者出现。
使者要亚伯拉罕放开自己的儿子，改以一头公羊作为祭品；然后，使者向他开示耶和华的旨意：“为了侍奉我，你愿意牺牲最钟爱的儿子；因此，我将降福到你身上。你的子孙，将如天上的星辰和海滩上的沙一般的繁茂；你的子孙将所向无敌——因为你遵从我的指示！”
在常人眼里，把亲生儿子献为祭品，当然不可思议。但是，抽象地来看，这个故事隐含了一些对祭司有利的游戏规则。
如果自己最怜爱的孩子都可以奉献给神，献出其他的牛马牲畜、金钱财物，当然更顺理成章。还有，在三天的旅程里，亚伯拉罕不但要耗费时间、人力物力，也一定经过心理上的煎熬试炼，而终能坚持到底；因此，侍奉神，自然要有所付出。而且，亚伯拉罕要长途跋涉，到指定的祭坛才能献上祭礼。因为，如果亚伯拉罕就地行礼如仪，固然不能测试他的决心；更重要的，是祭司将分享不到祭礼。另外，三天的旅途，也许反映了市场区隔的基本原则；在三天行程所能到达的地方，只有一个祭坛。如果同时有好几个祭坛，祭司们彼此竞争，很可能同蒙其害。
在论文里，米勒多次强调：以厂商的角度来认知祭司，再由厂商自利的角度解读有关祈福奉献的做法，确实可以有效地阐释《圣经》的某些内容。不过，这当然只是“一种”而不是“唯一”的阐释。米勒的论文，解释了祭司的自利心，也提供了了解《圣经》新的视野；不过，更根本的问题是，到底有没有“神”呢？
对于这个问题，米勒没有处理；也许是基于自利心，不要太得罪神——或是不要太得罪人？
……

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