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Jingdong book

中国的掌纹:大地栖居

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中国的掌纹:大地栖居

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“华夏大地的每一处褶皱,都堆叠着厚厚的文化层,

像是掌纹,讲述我们民族生存的故事。

我奔赴各地,细致查看,努力破解那些紧攥在掌心的秘密。

与手相学家的不同在于,他们预测未来,

我阐释什么样的过去造就了今天。”


Content Description

天地生人,但人类并非植物,注定效忠哪一方水土,他们可以漫游;人类亦非动物,终日匍匐在大地上觅食,他们还有信仰。

Author Description

萧春雷,

男,作家,曾用笔名司空小月、郭又惊、十步等,福建泰宁人,从事文学、艺评和人文地理写作。《中国国家地理》《华夏地理》等人文地理杂志特约撰稿人。著有《时光之砂》、《文化生灵》、《我们住在皮肤里》、《人类如果卵生:萧春雷艺术随笔》、《阳光下的雕花门楼》、《嫁给大海的女人》、《风水林》、《世族春秋:宁化姓氏宗祠》等十余种。现居厦门。


Comments

萧春雷的人文地理写作与当下泛滥的旅游文字不同,这是一位有思想的作者在行走中对存在之意义的追问。

——于坚(著名诗人、作家)

当代中国有文化散文、历史散文、乡土散文,但很少有写得好的地理散文。萧春雷的人文地理写作,极大地丰富了当代文学中的空间意识。这种独具深度的写作,有着驳杂的知识记忆和精神亮色,而比知识更吸引我们的,是萧春雷飞扬的才情、感受和思索,以及优雅、考究的汉语之美。

——谢有顺(中山大学中文系教授、博导 广东省作家协会副主席)

本书有专业的文献基础,敏锐的观察视角,优美的文字叙述,是近年文化历史散文写作的重要收获。

——谢泳(厦门大学人文学院教授)

这是一本奇异的书:是地理书,是历史书,也是旅行书。该书不仅把地理、历史、人文、时政、精神收于一体,也把作家的文采、记者的角度、学者的严谨、行者的孤寂熔为一炉。在我的编辑工作中,从未见过还有谁拥有如此广博的知识和深邃的思想。

——易水(资深编辑 先后任职于《中国国家地理》、《华夏地理》杂志)

一个旅行者,如果看到不同的城市、民族,看到一切有差异的人文现象,而想知道其中的原因时;如果看到季节轮换,晨昏更替,看到不同的地表空间也有自己相应的时间序列,而想推想其中的规律时,萧春雷的文章会是你极好的旅行手册,虽然他的初衷并非如此,但他集作家、专家和行者于一体的身份,的确为我们提供了一份独特的旅行文本。

——黄菊(前《中国国家地理》杂志总编助理、微信公众号“行李”主编)



Catalogue

前言怀抱星图的大地过客 001

苗族大迁徙 011

客家的诞生 027

走廊上的民族 045

闽南人及其红砖大厝 063

广西的海洋之梦 077

浙中南古村镇的文脉 103

上党之水浊漳河 137

宁夏长城人家 163

宁夏黄河人家 179

神佑台南府城 195

世界围绕着冈仁波齐 227

后记我的人文地理写作 257


Book Abstract

我生活在厦门,这个百余平方公里的岛屿尽数化为街市,没有农田,没有河流。上个月,我去附近的金门岛待了一个星期,看见田野金黄,麦浪翻滚,像是三四十年前的厦门。在烈日下骑了一天电动车,双臂黝黑,开始脱皮。我夸张地对妻子说,我在厦门住了十几年都没事,在金门一天就脱皮,金门的太阳好毒。其实这两个岛相距不过10公里。

福建是濒海山地,年均降雨量高达1670毫米,水资源丰沛,农民总是把土地改造成水田,种植耗水量大的水稻。沿海岛屿降雨量略少,蒸发量大,加上河流短小,往往饱受风沙干旱之苦。金门种植小麦、番薯等旱地作物,实属无奈,现在也计划从大陆引水了。而在城市化的厦门,身边都是人工环境,我已经失去了对自然的感受力。

福建也有旱灾,但与北方相比,简直不好意思说出来,所以报道的主要是洪灾。在我的想象中,中国最干旱的地区非新疆莫属,结果去了吐鲁番,才发现灌溉系统非常发达,天山的冰川融水通过地下源源不断地补充到绿洲,瓜果满园,青翠欲滴。倒是一位维吾尔族老果农听说福建的农民靠雨水种田,觉得不可思议,同情地说:“靠天种地?那不行!老天不下雨怎么办?”

我仔细一想,对于沙漠生态来说,干旱是正常的自然现象,亘古如斯。我们说的缺水或旱灾,通常是对于人类而言的。但人类都生活在绿洲——航行在浩瀚沙漠里的一只方舟,只要生活和生产用水无忧,就感觉不到干旱。冰川融水的确比雨水可靠,气温越高,水量越充沛。只要冰川永在,绿洲就是一块适宜人类生活的沃土。

但是冰川可能消融,绿洲也会漂移或消失。如果说东部土地金贵,西部则水价高昂,河西走廊自古有“论水不论地”的说法。无边无际的大漠里,只要有水,就形成一小片绿洲,支撑起一个微型生态系统。而一条黑河那样宽阔的内陆河,则哺育出无数大大小小的绿洲,足以供养一个张掖市,最后还在内蒙古形成一个尾闾湖——居延海。绿洲非常脆弱,河西到处是古绿洲的遗址,风沙掩埋了无数座汉唐古城。20世纪末,张掖拦截中游河水,扩大耕地,导致下游居延海枯涸,后来中央在黑河流域实行分水制,才挽救了下游绿洲。高台县历史上曾经种植水稻,后来为了节水,只好改种小麦。事实上,祁连山流出多少水,就会在河西走廊形成多大的绿洲,此处扩张,必有某处缩小。绿洲承载的人口有一个极限。

我在宁夏盐池县兴武营村住了几天,隆冬时节,积雪覆盖着辽阔的大漠和长城。这里既不下雨,也无冰川雪水,用水唯有打井。然而这些年地下水位下降,村里的20多口水井大多枯竭。以现在的技术,打口一两百米深的机井并不困难,只是成本太高,用于灌溉相当奢侈。当地早已形成了适应干旱的生活方式,例如生产以畜牧业为主,农业为辅,家家都养着几十头滩羊;日食两餐,分别是上午10点和下午5点;房屋平顶,在苇席上压沙柳条、麦秸,再抹一层黄泥;没有浴室,洗澡就用水擦擦身子;厕所里垫着两块砖头,连粪坑都不挖,反正排泄物很快就会蒸发或风干。

旱灾最严重的地方,的确是靠天种田,例如黄土高原。定西、西海固、陕北、晋西等地,河流与树木稀少,到处童山濯濯,人一走过,脚下就飘起一股烟尘。这里很多地方都被开辟为层层叠叠的梯田,但是没有水渠灌溉。在陕北米脂县,农人一大早就爬上山坡耕地、播种,土块在手心一捏,都碎成粉尘。他们种的是谷子,又称粟、小米,是秦汉以前中国人首屈一指的主食,已经种了数千年。我问村民:“种子不会晒死吗?没水怎么发芽呢?”一位村民说:“就指望一个月内下场雨了。”“如果不下雨呢?”“那就改种别的。”他淡淡地说。

米脂是年降雨量只有450毫米的干旱区,靠一场雨救命,就好比掷骰子,天下没有比这更不靠谱的事了!我抬头凝望,湛蓝的天空没有一丝白云,烈日镶嵌在天空,像永恒那样坚定。土地贫瘠,人民坚韧,是我对陕北最基本的感受。

如果说雨量稀少是北方干旱的主因,那为什么南方也闹旱灾呢?2010年我国西南五省大旱,赤地千里,让许多人震惊,因为那里可是降雨量非常丰富的地区。但我不惊奇,因为我已经从湖北五峰土家族自治县采访回来,认识了喀斯特地貌,知道什么叫喀斯特干旱。简单地说,如果地漏,那么年降雨量再大,土地仍然可能缺水。

五峰号称湖北的暴雨中心,我想象它应该与福建一样,是山清水秀的鱼米之乡,没想到闯进了一个森林茂密,但河床干涸、缺乏水田池塘的山区。干旱的山坡地上,种植着玉米和马铃薯。原来,五峰大部分属于喀斯特地貌(岩溶地貌),被水溶解后,地层像筛子一样千疮百孔,那么多雨水全漏到地下了。五峰地下河发育极好,水量丰沛,只是地表土壤缺水,这种“水土分离”的现象就叫喀斯特干旱。我国西南地区数十万平方公里的喀斯特地貌区,都受到“水土分离”的困扰,田地缺水,地下水丰富却难以利用。

……

Introduction

前言怀抱星图的大地过客

毛坯房不是家,直到接通水电、安装好门窗、搬进家具之后,一套房屋才变成人性空间。我们在荒野定居,首先要解决饮水、食物、住房、交通等基本问题,创造出一方适合人类身体活动的天地。那些化洪荒为家园的事物,就是文化。自然环境千差万别,文化的样式也多姿多彩。

本集收录的文章都涉及人地关系,包括族群变迁、生活方式和民间信仰。有人问我为什么喜欢旅行,我这样回答:因为我希望了解另外一些人的生活,了解人类应对草原、沙漠、海岛、冻土、雨林等自然环境挑战的智慧。走得越远,见识越多,我们越明了生命的可能性有多么宽广。纯净的自然让我们愉悦、敬畏,甚至感动,但人类的命运才真正让我们感同身受、悲喜交集,或潸然落泪。人生百年,只是一世,但我们见识了其他更多的世界,便超越百年,像是活了许多世代。

“鱼在水中,鸟在空中,苗在山中。”苗族的歌谣这样唱道。在云贵高原,我走访过不少苗寨,它们都散落在大山深处,村子坐落在陡峭的斜坡上,只好建造吊脚楼;因为缺水,贫瘠的梯田里只能种植苞谷或旱稻。云南文山州流行一句俗语:汉族住街头,壮族住水头,苗族住山头。这样一种民族地理分布,并非因为苗族喜欢山林,而是因为他们来得太迟。

苗族的祖先蚩尤住在黄河下游,没见过几座大山。五千多年前,涿鹿之战爆发,蚩尤部落被炎黄联军击败,从肥沃的黄河下游平原、长江中游平原一路退往烟瘴弥漫的西南山区,走得最远的一支于清朝时期进入越南、老挝山区,1950年后抵达欧美。有史以来,苗族就在不停地迁徙,抛下家园之后,他们成为所有地区的迟到者,只好钻进无人的山区。一个北方低地平原部族,变成了南方山地居民,甚至变成了一个跨境跨洋的民族。

所有的族群都在迁徙,南下北上,东进西出,道路相互交织。他们相遇、掠夺、杀戮、奴役、互市、交流、通婚……构成了厚厚的历史编年。背井离乡、流离失所总是被迫的,悲痛,颠簸,然而怀抱希望。迁徙让许多民族脱胎换骨。

公元840年,黠戛斯部落击败蒙古高原上的回鹘汗国,回鹘人西迁,最远的一支流落到葱岭(帕米尔高原)以西的中亚地区,再进入新疆塔里木盆地,征服了当地居民,演变为今日的维吾尔族。在喀什的郊野,看着那些戴着花帽、赶着驴车的老农,我的脑子一时转不过弯来。想一想,该有多少奇遇,才会让一个游牧于北方大草原的强悍不羁的部族,甘心在南疆星星点点的绿洲定居耕作,每天五次礼拜?

汉族也在迁徙。他们最初只是一小群。定居于黄河中游的黄帝和炎帝部族,因为发明了文字,获得文明优势,迅速扩张。两千年前,西汉王朝的政治军事势力漫过长江流域、珠江流域,南抵越南北部,西面则囊括天山,跨越葱岭,奠定了日后中国版图的大体轮廓。剩下的时间基本属于填充式开发,许多族群在这片土地上穿插移动,找寻最合适的栖身之地,创建家园。挟带政治、经济和文化优势,汉族最终成为中国的主体民族。在闽粤边陲,尽管汉族曾经同原住民族大规模通婚,但几乎所有的宗族都声称自己来自中原,每部族谱的序言里,都有自北而南辗转迁徙的一长串地名。



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Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

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Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book