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Jingdong book

生物心理学：认知神经科学的视角

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Books Cartoon Physiological Psychology

Jingdong book

生物心理学：认知神经科学的视角

Name: 生物心理学：认知神经科学的视角
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3115004101
Price: 48.89 USD
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生物心理学是心理学与生物学相交叉形成的一门重要的心理学基础理论学科，它试图探究和解释行为与各种心理现象产生的生物学基础。蔡厚德所著的《生物心理学（认知神经科学的视角）》比较全面地反映生物心理学的学科知识体系和近期的前沿研究，特别是有机地融入认知神经科学的研究成果，具有体系完整、内容科学、资料新颖、图文并茂和易教易学等特点。全书十一章，依次为“绪论”、“视觉”、“听觉、化学感觉和痛觉”、“注意的神经生物学基础”、“学习与记忆的神经生物学”、“语言与音乐的脑机制”、“情绪的生物心理学”、“饮水、进食和性行为的生物学基础”、“睡眠与昼夜节律”、“动作控制的认知神经机制”、“精神病的神经生物学基础”。
《生物心理学（认知神经科学的视角）》可以供综合性大学和师范院校心理学专业的本科生或研究生选用，也可为教育学、医学和运动等相关专业的教师和学生作参考之用。

Catalogue

第一章绪论
第一节生物心理学的学科性质、任务与意义
一、生物心理学的性质与任务
二、生物心理学的相关学科
三、生物心理学与认知神经科学
四、生物心理学研究的主要问题
五、研究生物心理学的意义
第二节生物心理学的研究方法与技术
一、脑损伤法
知识窗1-1 脑损伤研究中的单分离与双分离
二、脑刺激法
三、脑电记录技术
知识窗1-2 动作电位的发现
四、脑磁技术
五、神经成像技术
六、遗传技术
知识窗1-3 心理神经免疫学
七、神经组织学方法
第三节脑功能的理论与学说
一、脑功能定位论与整体论
二、神经元学说
三、人脑功能系统理论
四、大脑功能一侧化（偏侧化）理论
五、模块论
本章小结
复习与思考
参考文献与建议阅读
第一节可见光、眼和视觉传导通路
一、可见光与视觉
二、眼的结构
三、视网膜的结构与功能
四、视觉的神经传导通路
知识窗2—1反向眼跳与错误监控
第二节视觉信息的编码与加工
一、感受野的编码与加工
知识窗2—2视觉经验影响视皮层神经元感受野的形成
二、颜色信息的编码与加工
三、视皮层上的模块组织
知识窗2-3道尔顿与色盲
第三节视知觉的脑机制
一、视知觉的平行加工通路
知识窗2—4空间频率假设
二、物体知觉与空间知觉的分离通路
三、视觉失认症
四、视错觉和视幻觉
知识窗2—5 双侧初级视皮层损伤后的导航能力
本章小结
复习与思考
参考文献与建议阅读
……
第三章听觉、化学感觉和痛觉
第四章注意的神经生物学基础
第五章学习与记忆的神经生物学
第六章语言与音乐活动的脑机制
第七章情绪的生物心理学
第八章饮水、进食和性行为的生物学基础
第九章睡眠与昼夜节律
第十章动作控制的认知神经机制
第十一章精神病的神经生物学基础

Book Abstract

三、调节摄食行为的其他脑结构
下丘脑传来的食欲信号汇聚到脑干的孤束核（NST）。孤束核还接受和整合其他各种感觉传来的饥饿信号，如通过脊神经和脑神经传递的有关饥饿的外周感觉信号。肝脏可以检测血液循环中葡萄糖和脂肪酸的低利用率（糖或脂肪缺乏）水平，并把这两种信号通过迷走神经传至孤束核。切断迷走神经会干扰血液循环中葡萄糖和脂肪酸水平变化对摄食反应的影响。可见，孤束核是摄食行为调节的一般通路（见图8-7）。
另外，还有一些其他脑区也直接或间接地调节摄食行为。脑的奖赏中枢与摄食的关系密切，如调节奖赏的伏隔核（nucleus accumbens）多巴胺系统可能决定摄食的愉快体验。损毁杏仁核、额叶皮层和中脑黑质等一些脑区也会削弱摄食活动。
四、人类的肥胖问题与摄食障碍
（一）肥胖问题
人和动物每天都要通过摄取食物来获得维持生存的能量，又通过劳动或活动消耗能量。正常情况下，能量的摄取和消耗在中枢神经系统和环境因素的调节下保持着动态平衡。但是，当机体摄入的能量超过活动消耗的能量时，就会引起肥胖。
影响摄食行为的因素是复杂的，调节系统也有多种途径。食物的可口程度、激素水平的变化与失调、神经递质和遗传因素等都会对人的肥胖产生影响。在美国，差不多有65%的成年人超重，有31%左右的人出现肥胖。伴随肥胖，其他一些疾病，如心血管疾病、糖尿病的发生率也在增加，这将给未来的医疗服务带来沉重的负担。人类的肥胖很难治疗，外科手术或药理干预很少能取得长期减肥的效果。人们正试图采用多种途径来控制和治疗肥胖。
1.控制食欲
用药物改变下丘脑食欲系统的活动，对治疗肥胖可能是安全有效的。但是，改变瘦素信号的效果并不十分明显，因为只有少数肥胖者瘦素的含量不正常，大多数肥胖者血液循环中的瘦素水平比瘦的人高得多。研究（DiMarzo et al.，2001）发现，瘦素似乎会调节下丘脑的内源性大麻（cannabinoids）水平，而这类物质会有效引起饥饿感。用药物阻断大麻受体，也能有效抑制食欲。通过抑制食欲治疗肥胖的药物——芬氟拉明（fenfluramine）也是靠激发脑内的黑皮素通路起作用的。
用肠肽YY3-36治疗肥胖充满前景，因为它可以作用于弓状核的神经元来降低食欲。肥胖者血液循环中的肠肽YY3-36-般都较低。有研究（Batterham et al.，2003）报道，用肠肽YY3-36作为食物添加剂治疗肥胖，减少了约三分之一的热量摄入，使体重快速减轻。
2.增加新陈代谢
治疗肥胖的另一种方法是增加有机体的新陈代谢速率，这样会释放多余的热量。新陈代谢速率由甲状腺激素控制，但用甲状腺素来治疗会带来不良的副作用，如心率增加。可以通过药物选择性激活与新陈代谢有关的甲状腺激素受体b（TRb），而避免作用于与心血管变化相关的甲状腺激素受体a（TRa）（Grover et al.，2003）。
……

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