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Jingdong book

西方心理学名著译丛：记忆

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Books Psychology Psychological processes and mental state

Jingdong book

西方心理学名著译丛：记忆

Name: 西方心理学名著译丛：记忆
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3116003731
Price: 19.22 USD
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“西方心理学名著译丛”收入世界的心理学家的代表作，这些心理学史上浓墨重彩的人物，在20世纪具有惊人的号召力，他们的代表作大多是一出版就成为书。其所代表的种种流派，曾留下不可磨灭的痕迹，他们向旧的传统挑战，亦给整个社会以推动和促进。

海报：

Content Description

怎样提高记忆知识的可能？学习内容与学习速度之间有哪些微妙的关系？朗读次数越多，记忆就能保持得越久么？著名的记忆曲线和遗忘曲线是如何得来的？本书是历史上对于记忆的第一份实验研究报告，是记忆心理学的经典著作。作者对于材料数量和记忆次数的关系、时间间隔和保持数量的关系，重复和分配识记的影响、直接联想、间接联想、顺序联想、反向联想等问题都进行了实验研究。他的研究成果大都为后来的实验研究所证实。

Author Description

赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯（Ebbinghaus ，1850－1909），德国实验心理学家，实验学习心理学的创始人，也是最早采用实验方法研究人类高级心理过程的心理学家。对人类学习和记忆进行实验研究的第一人。

曹日昌（1911—1969），中国著名心理学家。清华大学心理学系毕业，1948年获英国剑桥大学博士学位。历任中国科学院心理研究所副所长、研究员，《心理学报》主编，中国心理学会副理事长。主要从事实验心理学研究，尤在学习、记忆及劳动工程心理学方面研究较深。

Catalogue

中译本序（1）
著者序言（1）
第一章我们的关于记忆的知识
第一节记忆的效果
第二节记忆的条件
第三节关于记忆的知识的缺欠
第二章扩大我们关于记忆的知识的可能性
第四节自然科学的方法
第五节对于记忆内容的数量测量的引用
第六节保持研究中需要的条件固定的可能性
第七节恒常平均数
第八节误差律
第九节小结
第十节机误
第三章研究方法
第十一节无意义音节组
第十二节实验材料的优越性
第十三节可能的最恒定的实验情境的布置
第十四节误差的来源
第十五节需要的工作量的测量
第十六节试验的时期
第四章所得平均数的应用
第十七节试验结果的分配
第十八节各音节组结果的分配
第五章音节组的长度和学习速度的关系
第十九节晚期的试验
第二十节早期的试验
第廿一节学习有意义的材料时学习速度的增加
第六章记忆保持诵读次数的关系
第廿二节问题说明
第廿三节试验与结果
第廿四节回忆的影响
第廿五显著增加诵读次数的效果
第七章保持与遗忘和时间的关系
第廿六对保持和遗忘的解释
第廿七节对实际情况的研究方法
第廿八节结果
第廿九节结果讨论
第三十节对照试验
第八章复习的影响和记忆保持
第卅一节问题说明与实验研究
第卅二节音节组长度的影响
第卅三节复习的影响
第卅四节间隔诵读的影响
第九章音节组内各项的顺序和记忆保持的关系
第卅五节由时间顺序形成的联想及其解释
第卅六节研究实际行为的方法
第卅七节结果——间接顺序的联系
第卅八节排除知悉结果的实验
第卅九节结果讨论
第四十节反向联想
第四十一节间接顺序的联想对复习次数的依存性
第四十二节联结的间接强化

Book Abstract

第1节记忆的效果
在日常生活和科学中论述心有记忆时，总是试图举出下述的事实和解释。
一时在意识中出现的又从意识中消失的各种心理状态——感觉、情感、观念等——并不随着它们的消失而绝对地停止存在了。虽然由內部也观察不到它们了，但它们并没有全然地破坏了或消散了，而以一定方式继续存在，或者这样说，储存于记忆中。我们自然不能直接观察它们当时存在的情况，但由它们的效果可以显示出来，在我们的知识中它们的存在就好像我们能推知在地平线下有星体存在那样确切。记忆的这些效果是多种多样的。
第一类的情况是我们经过指向这个目的的意志的努力可以把似乎已经消失的心理状态唤回到意识中来（或者，如果是直接的感知觉可以唤回真实的记忆表象），也就是说，我们可以随意地使它们复现。在这样的回忆的努力中，各种各样的表象（我们的目的并不在唤起它们），也会伴随着我们需要的表象回到意识中来。时常确实需要的表象，回忆倒没有找到，但一般说来，在复现的一般事物中有我们所需要的；并且立刻认出来它是从前经验过的事物。如果设想无中生有，它是我们的意志，如它原来那样，重新创造的，那将是荒谬的；它一定是以某种方式或在某一处所存在着的；意志，可以这样说，只是发现了它，把它再带回给我们。
在第二类的情况中，这种留存就更显著了。时常，甚至经过许多年以后，显然是自然地、没有经过任何意志活动，曾在意识中一度存在的心理状态，又回到意识中来；就是说，它们是不随意地复现的。在多数情况下，这里我们也立刻会认识到这重现的心理状态是从前经验过的古就是说，我们记得它。在有些情況下，并没有这种伴随的意识，我们只是间接地知道现在的经验一定是和从前的相同的；这样我们也是一样有可靠的证据，说明它在间隔的时间内是存在着的。更严密的观察告诉我们：这种不随意的复现的发生并不是完全无规律的和偶然的。恰巧相反，它们是由当时直接存在的心理的表象为中介而引出来的。而且它们的发生是有一定的规律的，概括说来，把这种规律归之于所谓“联想规律”。
……

Introduction

在心理现象领域里，迄今为止，实验和测量主要只限用于感知觉和心理过程的时间关系。由下述的研究，我们试图对心理活动深入一步，把记忆的表现进行实验的与数量化的处理。记忆一词在这里作广义用，包括学习、保持、联想和复现。
对这种处理的可能性，自然会发生的各种主要的反对理由，将在书中详细讨论，这也成为部分的研究目的。所以我希望，凡是没有预先已经相信这种意图是不可能的人，对于它的现实性暂缓做出判决。
由于研究对象的困难和试验的耗费时曰的特点，对于发表初步的结果，作者希望取得谅解。希望不要拿由于工作不完全而产生的缺点用作反对这些结果的理由。试验都是由我个人做的，原本只有个人的意义。它们自然不只是反映我的心理结构的个人特点；如果绝对的数值只是彻底的个人的结果，这些数字之间的彼此关系和各种关系的相互关系还是可以反映许多具有普遍意义的关系的。但哪里是这种情況和哪里不是这种情况，我希望只在我现在从事的进一步的和比较的实验完成以后能够断定。

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Jingdong book

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