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读懂小学生 心理特级教师的咨询手记

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揭示小学生各种行为背后的心理原因

资深心理教师提供接地气的实用建议

Content Description

为什么有的学生脏话连篇?为什么有的学生总爱打架?为什么有的学生喜欢打小报告?为什么你付出那么多,而学生总觉得你做得太少?为什么有学生就是做事针对你?…… 撒谎、叛逆、故意捣乱……每个班都有几个小学生让老师手足无措。与其步步避让,不知所措,还不如翻开特级心理教师给出的**解答。
我们相信,每一个学生的内心都是一个充满奥秘的世界。
本书从学业、交际、成长困惑、心理障碍四个方面对小学生教育历程中各种问题行为和心理进行了探讨,并为教师在教育过程中该如何帮学生排难解惑。深入浅出,条理分明,为教师指出走进学生内心世界的秘径,让教师成为学生**的心理医生。本书精选了48个有代表性的案例,详细地向小学教师介绍了小学生的心理世界及应对方法。

Author Description

杨敏毅,上海市心理健康教育特级教师,上海市七宝中学心理健康教育中心主任,华东师范大学兼职导师、教育部中学校长培训中心授课专家。荣获首届全国学校心理辅导“辅导之星”、首届全国中小学心理健康教育“十佳教师”等荣誉称号。《上海教育》《中学生天地》《家庭教育时报》等专栏作者,出版有《怎样读懂学生——心理特级教师的建议》《中学班级心理辅导活动60例》《中学生心理辅导实用技巧与案例》《学校团体心理游戏教程与案例》《是谁送来红玫瑰》《团体心理游戏设计与案例》等。


吴权,国家二级心理咨询师,中学高级教师,浙江省杭州市学生心理热线资深咨询员。《中学生天地》编委、《科学24小时》撰稿人。参与《心理健康教育》《生命教育》等多部学生心理健康类教材和读本的编写工作。

Catalogue

自 序

第一辑 让学生发现学习的乐趣

1.都是“零起点”惹的祸——如何帮助一年级新生适应学校生活

2.小小包租公——如何激发家境富裕的孩子发现学习动力

3.我要外婆陪我上学——如何帮助学生缓解分离性焦虑

4.不敢举手的雯雯——如何引导胆小的学生

5.“龙慢慢”的烦恼——如何帮助学生克服拖延习惯

6.一考数学就怯场——如何帮助学生应对考试焦虑

7.好学生就该考第一——如何帮助好胜心强的学生

8.“我就是个笨蛋”——如何帮助学生培养自信心

9.“小生意人”的学习经——警惕不良风气对学生的影响

10.游戏“男神”——发现学生厌学背后的真正原因

11.“混世魔王”的转变——如何引导上课故意捣乱的学生

12.被老师赶出课堂的男生——如何引导以自我为中心的学生

第二辑 帮助学生抛开成长的烦恼

1.“懂事”的卫生委员——如何引导学生开动脑筋想办法

2.沉默的羔羊——如何帮助学生摆脱被误解的烦恼

3.少年的愁滋味——如何帮助学生走出情绪低谷

4.出口成“脏”的男生——如何纠正学生说脏话的坏习惯

5.丢人的电动车——如何引导学生克服虚荣心

6.电梯里的恶作剧——如何理解做恶作剧的学生

7.究竟是谁在说谎——如何引导学生改掉说谎的坏毛病

8.一生气就撞墙的男生——如何引导学生合理发泄情绪

9.“破坏王”闯祸的背后——如何保护学生的好奇心

10.班级里的敏感事件——如何应对儿童性游戏

11.“闷头猫”的故事——如何帮助学生应对校园暴力

12.顺手牵羊的男生——如何引导学生矫正偷窃行为

13.爱打架的男生——如何应对儿童攻击性行为

第三辑 构建和谐的人际关系

1.交友要讲究门当户对——如何引导学生正确交友

2.坚强的男生——如何引导学生应对创伤事件

3.在楼顶坐一夜的男生——警惕家长的高期望对学生造成伤害

4.好爸爸、坏爸爸——如何引导学生正确应对家长出轨

5.讨厌的星期一——如何引导学生与家人和睦相处

6.妹妹抢走了爸爸妈妈——如何消除哥哥的忌妒心

7.妈妈去哪儿了——关注单亲家庭子女的心理问题

8.“我不要成为多余的人”——如何帮助学生应对父母离异

9.怕见陌生人的女孩——如何引导学生克服社交恐惧

10.被孤立的副班长——如何引导学生学会宽容

11.被寄养的女生——如何帮助学生走出自卑

12.该不该打抱不平——如何引导学生融入集体

13.现任老师就是不如前任老师——如何帮助学生改善师生关系

第四辑 引导学生克服心理障碍

1.粗心的玲玲——如何帮助有读写障碍的学生

2.当尿床成为一种习惯——如何帮助尿床的学生

3.爱挤眉弄眼的男生——如何帮助易面部抽动的学生

4.好想睡个好觉——如何帮助学生战胜失眠

5.闲不住的小浩——如何帮助患儿童多动症的学生

6.检查,检查,再检查——如何引导有强迫症倾向的学生

7.跟同桌学来的口吃——如何帮助学生矫正口吃

8.瞬间失聪的女生——警惕儿童转换型癔症

9.总感觉得了肺病的男生——如何帮助总怀疑自己生病的学生

10.常犯哮喘病的男生——如何帮助学生缓解焦虑情绪


Book Abstract

小小包租公

——如何激发家境富裕的孩子发现学习动力

这天,我接了一个电话,是我原来的同事刘老师打来的。我有点儿奇怪,因为两年前她调走后我们没什么联系,怎么突然会打电话来?

我带着疑惑接通了电话,寒暄几句后她说:“有件事想请您帮忙。我有一个学生,人挺聪明的,也有上进心,就是成绩上不去。我看着挺着急的,可没什么好办法帮他,只能劳您大驾了。”

“你简单介绍一下他的情况吧。”我一边说着一边拿过记事本。

“他叫小华,是个男生,11岁,读小学五年级。父母原本是郊区的农民,现在土地被征用后就进了一家商场工作。”

“如果孩子和家长下午有时间,就请他们下午三点之后过来找我吧!”我一边记录着小华的基本情况一边回答。

刘老师道谢后挂了电话。

当天下午三点,有人敲心理辅导室的门。我打开门,看到一个中年女子带着一个男孩,他们就是刘老师介绍过来的母子。

我一边让他们进屋,一边打量着他们。小华妈妈穿了一件裘皮大衣,脚穿一双长筒皮靴。可就是感觉不到她的雍容华贵,反而觉得有些滑稽。小华穿了一身校服,脚上却是一双名牌运动鞋。

等他们坐定后,我问小华:“有什么可以帮到你们的?”

还没等他回应,他妈妈马上说:“老师说我孩子成绩不好,我们也不知道该怎么办。”

“是的。”他点点头,看上去挺老实。

“学习是靠慢慢积累的,着急也没有用。”我安慰道。

“我们不着急,倒是刘老师很着急。”她的话出乎我的意料。我疑惑地看着这对母子问:“这是怎么回事?”

小华妈妈解释说:“孩子书读得好坏,我和他爸爸都无所谓,反正饭是有得吃的。倒是刘老师说小华很聪明,不好好读书可惜了。”

“看来你们家条件不错啊!”我笑着说道。“哪里,我们就是一般的农民。”小华妈妈嘴上谦虚,但丝毫掩饰不了话音里的满足感。“我们家有一幢楼,下面还有几个店面,一年收个几十万租金没有问题。”

“那是不错,但想让小华一辈子靠这些租金生活吗?”她的回答让我又好气又好笑,于是追问道。

“那有什么不好?就是考上了大学,找到了工作,也没这么多钱啊!”小华妈妈不以为然地说道。

“总不能让孩子无所事事地混一辈子吧,还是有个一技之长在手更有保障吧?”我反问道。

小华妈妈一时语塞。我转身问小华:“你说呢?”

“我知道这样不好,也想好好用功,但就是下不了决心。”他看着他妈妈回答道。

“小华要是书读得好,有出息,当然就更好了。”小华妈妈话锋也转了过来。

“妈妈盼儿子有出息,儿子也有把书读好的愿望,挺好的!”我鼓励着。

接下来,我与小华进行了单独交流。从交流中我了解到,家住城乡结合部的他,课余生活不是看电视,就是混迹于游戏机房中打游戏。成年人一些错误的人生观对他产生了巨大的影响。他心中一直有一个疑问:家里已经都那么有钱了,为什么还要读书?

“你是说,家里有钱了你就可以不读书了?要是你觉得家里有几个店面、几套房子就可以不用读书的话,那么,比尔·盖茨、李嘉诚的孩子就更用不着读书喽?”我指出了他的错误思维和观念。

他一时不知道该怎样回答了,摇摇头说:“老师,你的说法和我父母的说法不一样。”

“你能感受到不一样,挺好的。”我继续鼓励。

“我也很好奇,富人家的孩子为什么还要读书?”说完我给他布置了一个家庭作业:采访10位家庭条件比他更优越的同学或邻居家的孩子,问问这些人为什么要去学校读书。

一周后,小华来到了心理辅导室,给我的答案如下:

1.人若是不学习,就和动物没有什么区别了。

2.为了长大有份体面的工作。

3.为了更好地继承家业。

4.为了做自己喜欢的事情。

5.为了实现自己的理想。

6.为了实现家人的梦想。

7.为了帮助穷人。

8.为了报答父母。

9.为了得到老师表扬。

10.为了让父母更喜欢自己。

我告诉他,当一个人有了人生目标以后,他学习的内容都是为他的人生目标服务的,那么学习知识也就有了动力,有了兴趣,有了积极性。

关于兴趣和目标,小华还是挺乐意与我讨论、分享的。他说他喜欢玩兵器的模型,喜欢玩战争的游戏,也常去看一些军事题材的书。这下,我找到了他学习的动力源,挑选了著名军事家指挥精彩战役的故事讲给他听,使他明白,他所崇拜的许多军事家正是通过认真学习,有了扎实的知识基础,才能打出一场场漂亮的胜仗,让他对学习的重要性有更清楚的认识。同时,我找来了一些小朋友向他请教兵器知识,让他觉得自己也是很能干的,帮他树立自信心。

我鼓励他看一些有关名人用功读书、报效祖国的故事,并及时与他交流想法,了解他思想上产生的细微变化。渐渐地,他对学习的目的明确了,懂得了只有掌握丰富的知识,才能实现自己的理想,体现自己的价值和意义。

对小华进行心理辅导,还要取得他家长的配合。我跟小华妈妈讨论了一个问题:我们应该给孩子留下什么?这个问题看似简单,但其实并不好回答。人们一般最先想到的答案是金钱,但这可能是最不靠谱的答案了。给孩子留下一些东西,本意是为了让孩子过得更幸福。但如果把财富留给没有能力管理和支配它的孩子,不但会毁了财富,还会毁了孩子。与其把财富留给孩子,还不如把孩子变成财富!

我建议家长要多进行这方面的学习。家长若能学习,本身就会给孩子起到一个良好的示范作用,孩子也可以从家长的进步中获得学习的动力。

[聆听手记]

学习动机指学习活动的推动力,又称学习的动力,是推动学生进行学习活动的内在原因,是激励、指引学生学习的强大动力。其心理因素包括:学习的需要,对学习必要性的认识及信念,学习兴趣、爱好或习惯等。由于学习目标指引着学习的方向,可以把它称为学习的诱因。学习目标同学生的需要一起,共同成为学习动机的重要构成因素。

假如学生把学习看成一件苦差事,体会不到学习的乐趣,再加上来自社会、家长等方方面面的不良舆论影响,学生最终会丧失学习动力。对于这类学生的心理辅导,必须紧紧抓住“学习动力”这个突破口,以明确学习目的为核心,以塑造良好个性为目标,采取认知疗法、情绪疗法和行为疗法相结合的辅导方案,运用分层递进目标达成法来实现目标。实践证明是很有效的。

……

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Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book