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Jingdong book

新世纪乡村医生培训教材(供乡村医生培训用):内科学

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新世纪乡村医生培训教材(供乡村医生培训用):内科学

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《内科学(供乡村医生培训用)》是研究内科疾病的病因、发病机制、发展规律、诊断方法和防治措施的一门临床医学,是中医学、中西医结合、针灸推拿专业等及相关专业较为重要的临床技能课程和必修课程之一。其内容包括:呼吸、循环、消化、泌尿、血液、内分泌代谢、理化因素、神经和精神等系统器官的疾病以及传染病,以常见病、多发病和急症为主要内容。本课程的主要任务是使乡村医生掌握内科学常见疾病的临床表现、诊断和治疗,熟悉内科学常见疾病的病因、辅助检查、鉴别诊断,了解内科学常见疾病的发病机制、病理及预防,为临床实践打下坚实的基础,为保障人民群众的健康做出贡献。
本教材构思新颖、编排紧凑、结构合理、内容充实、简繁得当、重点突出。
Catalogue

第一章 呼吸系统疾病
第一节 急性上呼吸道感染
第二节 急性气管-支气管炎
第三节 慢性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病
一、慢性支气管炎
二、慢性阻塞性肺疾病
第四节 支气管哮喘
第五节 肺炎
一、肺炎球菌肺炎
二、病毒性肺炎
三、肺炎支原体肺炎
第六节 肺结核
第七节 原发性支气管肺癌
第八节 慢性肺源性心脏病
第九节 慢性呼吸衰竭

第二章 循环系统疾病
第一节 心力衰竭
一、慢性心力衰竭
二、急性心力衰竭
第二节 心律失常
一、概述
二、窦性心律失常
三、期前收缩
四、阵发性心动过速
五、扑动与颤动
六、房室传导阻滞
第三节 高血压病
第四节 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病
一、概述
二、心绞痛
三、心肌梗死
第五节 心脏瓣膜病
一、二尖瓣狭窄
二、二尖瓣关闭不全
三、主动脉瓣狭窄
四、主动脉瓣关闭不全
第六节 心肌疾病
一、扩张型心肌病
二、病毒性心肌炎

第三章 消化系统疾病
第一节 急性胃肠炎
第二节 慢性胃炎
第三节 消化性溃疡
第四节 肝硬化
第五节 原发性肝癌
第六节 急性胰腺炎
第七节 肠易激综合征
第八节 溃疡性结肠炎

第四章 泌尿系统疾病
第一节 急性肾小球肾炎
第二节 慢性肾小球肾炎
第三节 肾病综合征
第四节 尿路感染
第五节 慢性肾衰竭

第五章 血液系统疾病
第一节 贫血
一、贫血概述
二、缺铁性贫血
三、再生障碍性贫血
第二节 白血病
第三节 特发性血小板减少性紫癜

第六章 内分泌及代谢疾病
第一节 腺垂体功能减退症
第二节 单纯性甲状腺肿
第三节 甲状腺功能亢进症
第四节 甲状腺功能减退症
第五节 糖尿病
第六节 痛风

第七章 神经精神系统疾病
第一节 周围神经疾病
一、原发性三叉神经痛
二、特发性面神经麻痹
三、坐骨神经痛
第二节 急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病
第三节 脑血管疾病
一、短暂性脑缺血发作
二、脑血栓形成
三、脑栓塞
四、脑出血
五、蛛网膜下腔出血
第四节 癫痫
第五节 帕金森病
第六节 痴呆
一、阿尔茨海默病
二、血管性痴呆
第七节 神经症
一、神经衰弱
二、癔症
第八节 抑郁症

第八章 风湿性疾病
第一节 风湿热
第二节 类风湿关节炎
第三节 系统性红斑狼疮

第九章 理化因素所致疾病
第一节 中毒
一、中毒总论
二、有机磷杀虫药中毒
三、灭鼠药中毒
四、急性一氧化碳中毒
第二节 中暑

第十章 传染病
第一节 传染病概述
一、传染的概念与结局
二、传染病的流行过程
三、传染病的特征
四、传染病的诊断
五、传染病的治疗
六、传染病的预防
第二节 流行性感冒
第三节 麻疹
第四节 水痘
第五节 流行性腮腺炎
第六节 流行性脑脊髓膜炎
第七节 流行性乙型脑炎
第八节 病毒性肝炎
一、甲型病毒性肝炎
二、乙型病毒性肝炎
三、其他型病毒性肝炎
第九节 伤寒
第十节 细菌性痢疾
第十一节 流行性出血热
第十二节 钩端螺旋体病
第十三节 蛔虫病
第十四节 钩虫病
第十五节 蛲虫病
第十六节 血吸虫病
第十七节 绦虫病
第十八节 猪囊虫病
附录主要参考文献
Book Abstract

第一节急性上呼吸道感染
急性上呼吸道感染简称上感,为外鼻孔至环状软骨下缘包括鼻腔、咽或喉部急性炎症的概称。本病全年皆可发病,但多见于冬春季节,多为散发,可在气候突变时流行。患者发病无年龄、性别、职业等差异,具有较强的传染性。由于感染的病原体种类繁多,而且人体对感染后产生的免疫力较弱且短暂,并无交叉免疫,故一个人在一年内可多次患病。
【病因与发病机制】
1.病原体急性上呼吸道感染约有70%~80%是由病毒引起,主要包括流感病毒、副流感病毒、埃可病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、柯萨奇病毒、鼻病毒、腺病毒等。细菌感染约占20%~30%,以溶血性链球菌最多见,其次为流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎球菌和葡萄球菌等,亦可有革兰阴性杆菌感染。
2.诱因环境因素如着凉、淋雨;其他因素比如年老体弱、患有慢性疾病、过度疲劳、营养不良等。
3.发病机制当机体或呼吸道局部防御功能降低时,原先已经存在于上呼吸道或从外界侵人的病原体可在上呼吸道黏膜迅速繁殖引起炎症。
【病理】
主要病理表现为鼻腔及咽黏膜充血、水肿、少量单核细胞浸润,上皮细胞破坏,有浆液性及黏液性炎性渗出。当继发细菌感染时有中性粒细胞浸润,可出现脓性分泌物。
【临床表现】
临床表现可因年龄、病变部位不同而有轻有重,起病多较急。成人病情较轻,局部症状明显,全身症状轻;婴幼儿、年老体弱者病情多较重,全身症状明显。
1.症状全身症状可以有轻中度发热、畏寒、头痛、全身酸痛不适、乏力、食欲缺乏,少数患者出现腹痛、腹泻。局部症状主要有鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、咽痛、咳嗽、咳痰等,有的患者还可有声音嘶哑。
2.体征体格检查可发现鼻黏膜充血、水肿,有黏液性分泌物,咽部轻度充血、水肿,扁桃体肿大,颌下淋巴结肿大、压痛,肺部常无异常体征。
【辅助检查】
1.血液检查病毒感染时可有白细胞总数正常或偏低,淋巴细胞比例升高;细菌感染时,白细胞总数和中性粒细胞升高,严重者可出现核左移现象。
2.胸部x线检查无异常表现。
Introduction

为了贯彻落实《中共中央、国务院关于进一步加强农村卫生工作的决定》和卫生部、教育部等五部委《关于加强农村卫生人才和队伍建设的意见》、国家中医药管理局《关于农村中医药人才培养和队伍建设的实施意见》等文件精神,各省、自治区相继开展了乡村医生中医学专业的培训工作,以满足广大的农村基层和城镇社区对实用性技能型中医药人才的迫切需求。能否培养出高素质的实用性技能型中医药人才,教材的选用是关键因素之一,为此,我们组织编写了乡村医生培训教材。
教材编写的指导思想与目标:以科学发展观为指导思想,以农村基层和城镇社区的在职、在岗中医药人员教育培训为重点,提高乡村医生中医药基本理论、基本知识和基本技能水平,突出实用性,侧重中医药临床能力的培养,提高其实际工作能力,使乡村医生通过接受中医药知识与技能培训,掌握基本知识,提高整体素质和服务水平,为农村基层和城镇社区培养出综合素质较高、技能水平过硬的实用性中医药人才。
教材编写的原则和基本要求:①教材科学定位:以培养高素质的乡村医生、提高乡村医生学历层次和业务水平为出发点,降低理论深度上的要求,建立实用技能体系。②突出中医药特色:教材在内容选取和编写上,要保持中医药特色,贯穿以能力培养为主线的思想,理论知识要宽泛,实践技能要突出,实践课要占到50%的比例。③教学体系合理:重视知识体系和能力体系的统一,重视理论和实践的结合,要充分体现乡村医生在学习中的主体性,教材编写要有利于学生学习。④实行主编负责制:由主编组建各教材编委会,并提出主导意见和编写大纲,经编委会充分讨论修改、完善后执行。由主编落实各参编人员的编写任务。各参编人员根据讨论通过的编写原则、要求,负责分工编写,在规定时间内完成参编部分的稿件。最后由主编统稿、定稿,交付出版社。

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Jingdong book