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Jingdong book

乳腺摄影质量控制手册（修订版）

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Jingdong book

乳腺摄影质量控制手册（修订版）

Name: 乳腺摄影质量控制手册（修订版）
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3117006851
Price: 24.99 USD
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Content Description

《乳腺摄影质量控制手册（修订版）》就是他们多年经验的总结。中日两国同处东亚地区，人种相近，日本的经验对我们有很好的借鉴作用。通过借鉴、交流，我们可以少走弯路，尽快提升我国的乳腺摄影技术水平。2007年4月，中日乳腺普查合作计划起动。6月，中国四学会（中华放射学会、中华影像技术学会、中国医师协会放射学分会和中国女医师协会）与日本“乳腺检诊精度管理中央委员会”签订协议，就提升乳腺普查水平进行合作。
日本的乳腺普查已经开展20多年，在接受国际经验的基础上，结合日本情况，总结改进，积累了丰富的实践经验，拿出了日本的规范。

Catalogue

第一章乳腺x线摄影的基础
1.乳腺X线摄影的物理基础
1.1 X线的产生
1.1.1 连续X线
1.1.2 标识X线

1.2 X线摄影装置的构成
1.2.1 同有滤过：ICRP建议
1.2.2 足跟效应
1.2.3 滤线栅
1.2.4 AEC系统

1.3 靶和滤过板的组合
1.3.1 靶/滤过板和管电压的选择
1.3.2 为什么要用Mo/Mo
1.3.3 为什么要用Mo/Rh
1.4 数字乳腺X线摄影

2.关于像质
2.1 影响乳腺X线摄影像质的因素
2.1.1 影像对比度
2.1.1.1 被检体对比度
2.1.1.2 胶片埘比度
2.1.2 锐利度
2.1.3 颗粒性

2.2 影响数字乳腺X线摄影像质的因素
2.2.1 影像出
2.2.2 分辨率
2.2.3 检出量子效率（DQE）
2.2.4 影像处理
2.2.5 影像显示
2.2.5.1 硬拷贝
2.2.5.2 软拷贝
2.3 像质的条件

3.放射线测量的基础
3.1 什么是剂量测量
3.2 剂量计的选择
3.2.1 能量特性
3.2.2 剂量率特性
3.2.3 剂量特性
3.2.4 方向特性

3.3 剂量测量的误差因素
3.3.1 温度气压修正（大气条件的修正）
3.3.2 X线发生装置的变动误差
3.3.3 南散射线引起的误差
3.3.4 电离室的设置误差
3.3.4.1 电离室焦点问的距离
3.3.4.2 关于管轴方阳的设置

3.4 关于剂量单位
3.4.1 照射剂量
3.4.2 电离量
3.4.3 吸收剂量
3.4.4 平均腺体剂量

第二章摄影技术
1.接待受检者
1.1 检查前（等待检查的时间）
1.2 开始检查
1.2.1 从见面到检查之前
1.2.2 在摄影室
1.3 检查结束
1.4 小结

2.摄影方法
2.1 开始
2.2 摄影信息的显示
2.2.1 必需的显示
2.2.2 摄影体位和方位的显示
2.2.3 摄影者的显示
2.2.4 摄影条件的显示
2.3 视读环境

2.4 对乳腺的压迫
2.4.1 压迫的效果
2.4.2 适当的压迫
2.5 体位设计

2.6 标准摄影体位
2.6.1 内外斜位摄影（MLO）
2.6.1.1 体位
2.6.1.2 定位的注意点
2.6.1.3 影像的合格标准
……
第三章成像设备和质量管理
附录

Book Abstract

第一章乳腺X线摄影的物理基础
1.乳腺X线摄影的物理基础
1.1 x线的产生
X线管发射出的x线，是含有各种能量x线的混合线束。乳腺x线摄影利用的是能量24～5keV程度的电子与钼（Mo，molybdenum）等的阳极靶撞击产生的混合连续x线。
1.1.1 连续X线
连续x线的产生是南从阴极灯丝释放出的高速电子，与阳极的靶面相冲撞，在经过靶物质的原子核附近时，由于原子核引力的作用改变了运行方向而减速，因为减速而损失的动能就转化为X线释放出来（图1-1）。另外，减速电子的速度变化各不一样，转化为X线的能量也就不一致。有的电子其动能全部欠去而转化为x线（最短波长：对应于管电压峰值），也有的失去一部分动能，转化为与之相对应的各种能量的x线，这样的能量分布就形成了连续X线。
1.1.2 标识X线
标识x线的产生是由于高速电子与靶物质原子的K层电子相撞击，若将电子击脱，K壳层就产生空位。空出的位置就由壳层的电子来填补，并在跳跃过程中发出一个X线光子，其能量相当于两壳层能级的能量辈。这样发射的就是标识X线的K。线。但是，填补K壳层空位的不仅仅是L壳层电子，M壳层的电子也可以进行填补。这种情况下两能级的能量差也相当于产生X线的能量；也就是K。线。各壳层都具有一定能级，在Mo靶的情况下产生KB2、KB1、Ka1、Ka2四条标识x线。但由于各标识x线之间的能量幅较小（本来标识x线的线光谱是不带幅度的），所以在测量分辨率时规定当2条光谱在重叠的状态下，即认为出现在x线光谱分布上的是Ka、KB两条光谱（表1-1）。
X线能谱：X线能谱显示的是X线能量（光子能量）对应于X线强度（光子数）的分布，也可叫做X线光谱。测量从X线管发射出飞人检测器的X线光子时，要求能够测出频度分布，即带有何种能量的光子，以及该光子的频度。最近，一种叫做CdTe的小型轻便半导体检测器被运用到实际巾，该检测器不需要通过珀耳帖（Pehier）效应的电子冷却，液氮冷却，只要简单地安装在摄影台上就能测出高分解能的光谱。对于对比度和辐射，从X线光谱来理解会更容易一些。特别是，人射X线光谱中低能量的成分含的越多，辐射就越多，高能量的成分含的越多，对比度就越差。

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