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Jingdong book

上海商品检验检疫发展史

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Books Medical Science Preventive Medicine

Jingdong book

上海商品检验检疫发展史

Name: 上海商品检验检疫发展史
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3117027271
Price: 45.73 USD
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上海，是中国出入境检验检疫事业的发祥地，商品检验、动植物检疫、卫生检疫，从无到有，从小到大，无论历史的大浪多么汹涌澎湃，黄浦江的潮水如何起起落落，检验检疫的发展、演变始终伴随着源远流长的中华历史劈浪前行，熠熠生辉。
上海检验检疫，主要依照国家相关法律法规对上海口岸进出口商品、动植物及其产品、出入境旅客以及进出境运输工具等实施检验检疫和监督管理，承担着保护出入境人员和进出口商品安全、环保、卫生、健康、反欺诈的重要职责。自清同治三年（1864）上海贸易洋行发端以来，迄今已有近150年的历史。在旧中国，上海的检验检疫工作基本上被洋人把持或受制于洋人。解放后，上海的检验检疫工作才得到独立自主的发展，并取得长足进步，随着我国改革开放的不断深入而进入全面发展的崭新阶段。

Catalogue

序言（徐金记）
前言（谢秋慧）

第一章古代中国与近代上海商品检验检疫的发展
1.中国古代对外贸易与商品检验的萌芽、发展
2.上海商检的产生、发展须从上海港的崛起说起
3.租界洋行贸易的兴起促进上海迅速崛起
4.洋行及其买办、通事把持上海外贸和商检之史实
5.上海租界的扩展及工部局商品卫生检验检疫机构和制度的建立
6.民国初期上海商品检验检疫状况和上海商品检验局的筹建
7.抗日战争时期敌占区伪政权的商品检验
8.解放战争时期的中国商检

第二章现代与当代上海商品检验检疫的发展（ 1949-1999）
1.根据国家经济社会发展的需要，商检法律法规日趋完善
2.统一办理综合性的商检业务工作--检务
3.适应国家对外贸易发展，全面开展进出口商品检验检疫工作
独立自主的商检工作的建立、整顿和恢复发展（1949～1966）
拨乱反正后商检工作重新恢复、稳步发展（1966～1979年）
改革开放后，商检依法行政、为外贸把关服务、与国际接轨和创新发展（1979-1999）
机电商品检验
4.监督管理是扩大商检工作覆盖面，履行品质管理主管机关职能的重要手段
5.商检为对外贸易关系人服务和解决贸易纠纷的公证鉴定
6.外商投资财产鉴定保障投资人双方的合法权益
7.将危害我国安全、卫生、环保的进口废物原料堵在国门之外
8.认证认可工作大大提升了企业的整体质量水准
9.为适应外贸发展需要，国外委托检验业务逐步发展

第三章上海商检局的内部管理
1.分支机构的设立适应了上海外贸发展的需要
2.重视专业培训，造就一专多能的技术型执法队伍
3.推行“目标管理”为主体的内部考核制度
4.严谨的档案管理
5.检验检测技术的调查研究和科技管理

第四章人物
1.邹秉文
2.吴觉农
3.蔡无忌
4.黄有识
5.朱震元
6.赵国君
结束语检验检疫机构改革和商检工作的全面新发展
编后记

Book Abstract

在外商洋行重重压迫和操纵下，晚期有些规模较大、实力较厚的华商丝厂力图摆脱洋行束缚，自谋出路，直接运销国外。但是遇到很多困难，无论在掌握国外市场情况、建立海外业务关系，还是在汇兑、运输、保险和海关、检验等方面，比之外商条件都相形见绌。尤其是外商洋行不愿华商插足国际市场，闯出天下，总是不择手段地从各方面进行倾轧排挤，使华商自营出口难以发展。
首先，做进出口生意，建立国外业务关系非常重要，华商在这方面不易人手，难以进入国外相关行业领域。其次，出口商品换回的外汇需要结汇，当时上海外汇业务大都由外商银行掌握，外商洋行领先，外商银行做后台，周转灵活，应付自如。华商银行承做外汇业务的家数很少，有许多还要依赖外商银行转手，对一般厂商不轻易开门。因此华商出口既跑不进外商银行，又得不到本国银行支持，即使在这些银行开了户头，汇票结价也比外商银行要低，给业务带来不少困难。第三，华丝出口的质量检验，在1929年上海商品检验局成立以前，必须借助外国人的签证才能在国外推销。当时出口华丝，都须请洋行专司检验的外国丝客出给检验证明，才能在国外销售，签字费不菲。也有的丝厂担心自己的牌子不吃香，要请洋行大班在商标上签字来提高在国外市场上的信用。当然也有已经在国外做出牌子，自己签证，不需要借助外人的，如土丝中的金麒麟、银麒麟、秀林、飞马、C403菱湖土丝，厂丝中瑞纶的金锚、银锚，虎林的松虎，纬成的蚕猫、孔庙等牌子，都在国外享有声誉，上海洋行买进这些牌子的丝是不敢胡乱挑剔的。但做出牌子的终属少数，大多数丝厂由于小本经营，租厂生产，质量极不稳定，很难建立信用，加深了向国外推销的困难。第四，在报关、装船、保险等方面处处受挟制。海运和保险业务一般为外商垄断，对中国厂家存心歧视。外商轮船公司经常把华商要装出的货压上几天，排在洋行后面。而在装船前海关检验时，受到百般刁难，增加诸多麻烦。在保险方面，初期华商向外商保险公司投保，总是按收据十足支付保险费，后来华商保险公司承保时给了回扣，才发觉吃了外商掮客不少亏。
……

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