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Jingdong book

新编护士用药指南

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新编护士用药指南

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护士日常工作中重要任务之一就是实施用药监护。广博的用药监护知识,可以使护十在工作中避免事故、纠纷,并建立良好的医护关系、护患关系。掌握用药监护知识对拓展临床优质护理服务的内涵以及提高护理服务的品质大有益处。
《新编护士用药指南》共二十三章,以《中国国家处方集》、《国家基本用药目录》(2012年版)为主要依据收纳临床常用的近千种药品,参考《中华人民共和国药典临床用药须知》等权威著作,在阐述了临床用药基本知识(包括药理学基本知识、护理人员在临床用药监护的作用等)的基础上,以各科疾病的临床用药监护为主要脉络归纳其治疗用药原则及用药监护要点,并具体介绍各药的不良反应、相互作用、配伍禁忌、特殊人群用药、临床用药监护与健康教育等知识要点。书后还有索引方便快速查阅具体药品信息。《新编护士用药指南》紧贴临床一线护士日常工作,涵盖了护理用药监护的方方面面,是临床一线护理工作者在服务患者合理、安全用药方面的好帮手。
Catalogue

第一章 临床用药的相关概论
第一节 药物简介
一、药物的来源
二、药物的剂型
三、药物的保存
四、药物的有效期
第二节 临床用药的基本概念
一、药动学的基本概念
二、药效学的基本概念
第三节 影响药物作用的因素
一、药物因素
二、非药物因素
第四节 时辰药理学与合理用药
一、时辰药动学
二、时辰药效学
三、根据生物钟合理用药
第五节 用药剂量的计算
一、根据体重计算
二、小儿剂量换算
三、静脉剂量计算

第二章 药物的不良反应
第一节 药品不良反应的基本概念
一、药品不良反应的基本分类
二、药品不良反应的细化分类
三、药品不良反应的临床表现
第二节 影响药品不良反应的因素
一、药物方面的因素
二、机体方面的因素
三、环境方面的因素

第三章 临床联合用药与相互作用
第一节 药物相互作用的基本概念
一、药物相互作用的分类
二、药物相互作用的类型
第二节 联合用药对治疗作用的影响
一、药物相互作用的影响
二、联合用药的配伍影响
第三节 药物相互作用的不良反应
一、药物相互作用的严重不良反应
二、药物相互作用不良反应的预防
第四节 药物相互作用的配伍禁忌
一、理化性配伍禁忌
二、药理性配伍禁忌

第四章 护理人员临床用药监护
第一节 临床用药护理
一、护理药理学的基本概念
二、临床用药的护理管理
三、护理程序在临床用药中的作用
四、护理人员在临床用药中的作用
五、临床护理需重点监护的患者
第二节 各类药物的合理使用与监护
一、内服和外用药物的合理使用与监护
二、静脉药物的合理使用与监护
三、中药注射剂的合理使用与监护
四、中药汤剂的合理使用与监护
第三节 正确饮水与服药监护
……

第五章 护理人员在治疗药物监测中的作用
第六章 护理人员在静脉用药调配中的作用
第七章 药物与食物的配伍禁忌
第八章 药物滥用与药源性疾病
第九章 特殊人群的用药监护
第十章 急性中毒的用药监护
第十一章 抗感染药物的用药监护
第十二章 神经及精神疾病的用药监护
第十三章 心血管系统疾病的用药监护
第十四章 呼吸系统疾病的用药监护
第十五章 消化系统疾病的用药监护
第十六章 内分泌系统疾病的用药监护
第十七章 泌尿系统疾病的用药监护
第十八章 血液疾病的用药监护
第十九章 肿瘤的用药监护
第二十章 代谢疾病及营养疾病的用药监护
第二十一章 风湿性疾病的用药监护
第二十二章 五官科疾病的用药监护
第二十三章 皮肤科疾病的用药监护
索引
参考文献
Book Abstract

【沉淀】酸性药液与碱性药液合用时,可发生沉淀反应,如酸性药物盐酸氯丙嗪注射液与碱性药物异戊巴比妥钠注射液混合,能造成两药或两药之一的沉淀。
【氧化、分解失效】当两种药物在静脉输液中或同一注射器内混合,其中一种药物可使另一种药物失效,而不能达到治疗目的。如维生素C注射液的pH值高于6容易被氧化,故不宜与碱性药物合用。
【影响生物利用度】同配方而发生变化。因此,不同生产企业的同一品种和同一剂量的固体药物制剂,可能有不同的生物利用度。
2.药动学的相互作用
指一种药物使另一种合用的药物发生药动学的改变,从而改变后者的血浆浓度。
【胃肠道吸收过程中的相互作用】
(1)药物解离度药物在胃肠道的吸收,以简单扩散方式为主,药物由高浓度区域通过细胞膜向低浓度区域移动。其转运速度与膜两侧物浓度差的大小呈比例。简单扩散可受药物解离度的影响,大多数药物是弱酸性或弱碱性,在溶液中解离型和非解离型混合存在,药物的非解离部分脂溶性较高,容易通过细胞膜,而解离部分脂溶性较低,难以通过细胞膜。两种药物共同存在时,可能使解离度增大,从而妨碍或延缓它们在胃肠道的吸收。
(2)胃排空速度药物主要在小肠上段吸收,改变胃排空的速度能影响药物的吸收,能延缓胃排空的药物都能致其他药物吸收的延迟,从而改变内服药物作用的起效时间、高峰期及作用强度。
(3)肠蠕动抗胆碱药或神经节阻滞药均可使肠蠕动减慢,消化液分泌减少,从而使其他药物的吸收减少。
(4)结合含二、三价阳离子的药物,可使其他药物形成不溶解不吸收的络合物。
(5)胃肠道环境的改变对氨基水杨酸等药物能改变肠壁功能,从而影响其他药物的吸收。如服用上述药物5-6天后,口服地高辛的吸收率均降低。
【血浆及细胞外液蛋白质结合的相互作用】
大多数药物吸收后不同程度地与血浆蛋白结合,这种结合是可逆的,与游离型药物处在动态平衡。血浆蛋白与药物结合有一定的限量,达到饱和后还继续增加剂量,游离的血药浓度就会迅速升高引起毒性反应。
当两种药物合用时,竞争结合部位,结合力强的药物可将结合力弱的药物置换出来,后者血浆游离型浓度相应地增加,药理活性也增强,但增加的程度还受分布容积的影响。只有结合率高、分布容积又小的药物游离型增加才会明显,有可能造成不良后果。
【药物转化过程中的相互作用】
大部分药物主要在肝脏被肝微粒体酶催化而代谢,使脂溶性药物转化为极性较高的水溶性代谢物,再经肾脏排出体外。
……

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