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Jingdong book

药学图表解丛书·药物化学图表解

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本书的编写原则是以全国高等医药院校药学专业药物化学教学大纲(本科)为指导,以全国高等学校卫生部“十一五”规划教材(药学类专业,本科)《药物化学》为依据,将药物化学课程中复杂难学的内容用图和表的形式精心编排,使复杂的问题简单化,抽象的问题直观化,力求语言简洁清晰,重点突出,一目了然,便于学生学习、记忆。
本书主要为药学专业本科师生、硕士研究生入学考试人员、执业药师资格考试人员、自学考试人员等参考与辅导考试用。
本书的编者均是常年奋斗在教学一线,具有丰富的本学科教学经验,同时对本学科又有自己独到的见解和阐释的教师,他们将多年的教学心得拿出来与大家分享。
Catalogue

第一章 绪论
第一节 药物化学的基本定义、主要任务及与其他学科的关系
一、药物的定义和药物化学的定义、研究内容和主要任务
二、药物的分类
三、药物化学相关学科分类列表
第二节 药物化学的起源与发展
一、药物化学的历史回顾
二、药物设计的作用靶点
三、常见与受体有关的药物
四、常见的与酶有关的药物
五、与离子通道有关的药物
六、以核酸作为药物的作用靶点
第三节 药物的命名
一、药物名称与命名规则
二、INN采用的部分词干的中文译名表
第四节 学习药物化学的基本要求和方法

第二章 中枢神经系统药物
第一节 镇静催眠药
一、巴比妥类药物
二、苯并二氮革类
三、眯唑并吡啶类
四、具有酰胺结构的镇静催眠药
第二节 抗癫痫药
一、常见的抗癫痫药的结构类型和代表药物
二、苯妥英钠
三、卡马西平
四、奥卡西平
六、由巴比妥类药物结构改造得到的不同类型抗癫痫药
第三节 抗精神病药
一、吩噻嗪类药物
二、噻吨类药物
三、丁酰类药物
四、二苯丁基哌啶类
五、二苯并氮革类
六、苯甲酰胺类抗精神病药
第四节 抗抑郁药
一、去甲肾上腺素重摄取抑制剂
二、单胺氧化酶抑制剂
三、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂
第五节 镇痛药
一、吗啡及其衍生物
二、内源性镇痛物质
三、苯基哌啶类
四、开链类
五、苯吗喃类
六、吗啡烃类
七、其他镇痛药
第六节 中枢兴奋药
一、分类和常见的中枢兴奋药
二、咖啡因
三、吡拉西坦
四、盐酸甲氯芬酯

第三章 外周神经系统药物
第一节 拟胆碱药
一、胆碱受体激动剂
二、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂
第二节 抗胆碱药
一、M胆碱受体拮抗剂
二、N胆碱受体拮抗剂
第三节 拟肾上腺素药
第四节 组胺H1受体拮抗剂
第五节 局部麻醉药
一、芳酸酯类
二、酰胺类
三、氨基酮类
四、氨基醚类
五、氨基甲酸酯类
六、脒类
七、构效关系

第四章 循环系统药物
第一节 馐芴遄瓒霞?
第二节 钙通道阻滞剂
一、l,4-二氢吡啶类
二、苯并硫氮革类
三、其他钙通道阻滞剂
第三节 钠、钾通道阻滞剂
一、钠通道阻滞剂
二、钾通道阻滞剂
第四节 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂及血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂
一、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂
二、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂
第五节 NO供体药物
第六节 强心药
第七节 调血脂药
一、羟甲戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂
二、苯氧烷基酸类
三、烟酸类
第八节 抗血栓药
一、抗血小板药
二、抗凝血药
第九节 其他心血管系统药物
一、作用于肾上腺素能d受体的药物
二、作用于血管平滑肌和作用于交感神经末梢的药物.

第五章 消化系统药物
第一节 抗溃疡药
一、H2受体拮抗剂
二、质子泵抑制剂
第二节 止吐药
第三节 促动力药
第四节 肝胆疾病辅助治疗药物
一、肝病辅助治疗药物
二、胆病辅助治疗药物

第六章 解热镇痛药及非甾类抗炎药
第一节 解热镇痛药
第二节 非甾类抗炎药

第七章 抗肿瘤药
第一节 生物烷化剂
第二节 抗代谢药物
第三节 抗肿瘤抗生素
第四节 抗肿瘤的植物药有效成分及其衍生物

第八章 抗生素
第一节 内酰胺类抗生素
第二节 四环素类抗生素
第三节 氨基糖苷类抗生素
第四节 大环内酯类抗生素
第五节 氯霉素类抗生素

第九章 化学治疗药
第一节 喹诺酮类抗菌药
第二节 抗结核病药
第三节 磺胺类抗菌药及抗菌增效剂
第四节 抗真菌药
第五节 抗病毒药
第六节 抗寄生虫药

第十章 合成降血糖药物及利尿药
第一节 口服降糖药
第二节 利尿药

第十一章 激素
第一节 前列腺素
第二节 肽类激素
第三节 甾体激素

第十二章 维生素
第一节 脂溶性维生素
第二节 水溶性维生素

第十三章 新药设计与开发
第一节 药物作用的生物学基础
第二节 新药开发的基本途径与方法
第三节 计算机辅助药物设计
参考文献
中英文对照索引
Book Abstract

第一章 绪论
第四节 学习药物化学的基本要求和方法
药物化学介绍的内容包括7个方面,学习中可以把不同章节的内容分为7个条块就比较容易记忆。
1.药物的化学结构学习药物化学必须熟练的掌握化学结构,其他内容可由化学结构推演而出。用于临床的化学药物计1000多种,要掌握结构,可先对药物进行分类:①按是否作用于专一受体分为结构特异性药物和结构非特异性药物;②按作用部位可分为作用于中枢神经系统药物和作用于外周系统的药物;③作用于受体的药物无论是激动剂还是拮抗剂应与受体适配,所以有共同的结构特征。对内容进行分割、条理化后再记忆就比较容易。
2.药物的理化性质药物结构中的特殊基团决定了药物可体现出不同的理化反应和化学稳定性。可为药物的鉴别、含量分析、制剂选择、贮存方法提供理论依据。理化性质的学习有规律可循,如大多数作用于受体的药物在结构中具有叔胺结构,因此具有生物碱的鉴别反应。另外酚羟基、不饱和键、芳伯氨基、α,β-不饱和酮、硫醚键等的氧化;酯键、酰胺键、苷键等的水解等。这些内容已占了大部分理化性质的内容,在执业药师的考试中此方面的内容较多。
3.合成制备因为在本科的课程中有《药物合成反应》,所以本书介绍合成内容较为简单。这一部分的学习可对化合物进行拆解,然后组合起来就行了。
4.构效关系内容丰富多变,尽管在教学中尽量淡化这类内容,但药物由leading compound发展为metoodrug必然涉及此类内容,所以这部分仍然是重点内容。学习构效关系掌握3个方面的内容即可涵盖所有内容:①空间位阻:与药物的化学、代谢稳定性及立体选择性有关;②电性效应:药物作用于受体通常是电性的结合,药物的电性与受体的电性匹配,药物的活性才高。如抗胆碱药奥芬那君与抗过敏药苯海拉明的结构差别仅在于前者苯环上多了一个给电子的甲基,就完全作用于不同受体;③脂溶性:无论作用于中枢还是外周的药物,在一定范围内,脂溶性强活性高,因为药物要通过细胞膜的脂质双层来吸收转运。但作用于外周的药物脂溶性高具有中枢的毒副作用。
5.作用机制又称药物作用的化学机制。目前该工作做到器官水平的较多,而分子水平的较少,但作用于分子水平的工作是今后的方向。
6.体内代谢药物在体内代谢通常是解毒过程,其实质是通过代谢增加化合物的水溶性便于排出。药物在体内的官能团化反应符合化合物反应的化学机制,如氧化、还原、水解等;药物在体内的结合反应通常包括与硫酸、葡萄糖醛酸、氨基酸、谷胱甘肽、乙酰化和甲基化结合。
Introduction

本书是卫生部教材办公室组织编写的《药学图表解丛书》之一。目前,药学类专业招生规模逐年扩大,在校生的学习任务相当繁重,《药学图表解丛书》主要通过图和表的方式,将教材中需要掌握的基本知识、基本理论,特别是重点、难点内容设计成各种形象、直观的图和表进行表述,便于广大学生从繁重的功课中解脱出来,尽快了解、掌握本学科的基本知识和理论,按图索骥,抓住重点进行学习和复习。
本书的编写原则是以全国高等医药院校药学专业药物化学教学大纲(本科)为指导,以全国高等学校卫生部“十一五”规划教材(药学类专业,本科)《药物化学》为依据,将药物化学课程中复杂难学的内容用图和表的形式精心编排,使复杂的问题简单化,抽象的问题直观化,力求语言简洁清晰,重点突出,一目了然,便于学生学习、记忆。
本书主要为药学专业本科师生、硕士研究生入学考试人员、执业药师资格考试人员、自学考试人员等参考与辅导考试用。
药学专业评审专家对本书编写大纲进行了审查,并提出了宝贵的修改意见,在此一并表示谢意。
本书的编者均是常年奋斗在教学一线,具有丰富的本学科教学经验,同时对本学科又有自己独到的见解和阐释的教师,他们将多年的教学心得拿出来与大家分享。限于水平及个人对教学内容理解的片面性,缺点及疏漏在所难免,敬请读者在使用过程中提出宝贵意见,以便进一步修订。

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