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糖尿病性耳聋

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糖尿病性耳聋

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《糖尿病性耳聋》首次提出“糖尿病耳聋学”新概念,从糖尿病耳聋研究的发展史、流行病学、病因学、遗传病学、实验室检查、临床特点、防治措施等方面进行糖尿病耳聋的详尽阐述。反映了当代糖尿病耳聋防治研究领域的新进展、新理论、新方法、新成果,同时也系统展示了现代糖尿病耳聋研究领域。
Author Description

郭宏,医学博士,广东省第二中医院教授、主任医师、硕士研究生导师。国家自然科学基金评审专家、广东省自然科学基金评审专家、广州市科委科研成果评审专家。从事耳鼻咽喉科临床、科研与教学工作26年。已发表学术论文32篇,其中中华系列3篇,SCI论文2篇。主编《现代耳鼻咽喉疾病中医诊疗学》(中医古籍出版社,2005年),参编《茶疗法》(中国中医药出版社,2001年)和《中医五官案例评析》(人民卫生出版社,2011年)02003年获中华中医药学会科学技术进步一等奖(子项目负责人)。在糖尿病性耳聋的基础与临床研究领域有较深入的研究,目前处于国内领先地位。为《中华糖尿病杂志》和《中华中医药杂志》特约审稿专家。
Catalogue

第一章 糖尿病性耳聋研究的发展史
第一节 萌芽时期
第二节 奠基时期
第三节 发展时期
第四节 结语

第二章 听觉器官的应用解剖
第一节 听觉外周系统与外周听觉器官
——、外耳
二、中耳
三、内耳
第二节 听觉神经系统与听觉中枢系统
一、听觉传入通路
二、听觉传出通路

第三章 听觉通路生理
第一节 外耳生理
一、对声波的增压作用
二、对声源的定位作用
第二节 中耳生理
一、鼓膜的生理功能
二、听骨链的生理功能
三、圆窗的生理功能
四、鼓室肌的生理功能
五、咽鼓管的生理功能
第三节 耳蜗听觉生理
一、耳蜗的感音功能
二、耳蜗对声音信息的编码功能
三、传出神经对耳蜗功能的调控
第四节 听神经生理
一、换能器功能
二、机械传导
三、耳蜗生物电
第五节 听觉中枢生理
第六节 听觉传出通路生理
一、橄榄耳蜗柬传出神经通路
二、中缝背核迷路传出通路
三、听觉传出神经系统的功能

第四章 糖尿病性耳聋的流行病学
第一节 糖尿病性耳聋的发病率
第二节 糖尿病性耳聋的类型
第三节 糖尿病性耳聋的病变部位

第五章 糖尿病性耳聋的病因
第一节 内耳微血管病变学说
第二节 位听神经病变学说
第三节 遗传学说
第四节 小结

第六章 糖尿病性耳聋的发病机制
第一节 糖代谢与调节
第二节 脂代谢与调节
第三节 蛋白质代谢与调节
第四节 胰岛功能与胰岛素功能
第五节 微量元素与糖尿病性耳聋
第六节 细胞因子在糖尿病性耳聋发病中的作用
一、IL-1在1型糖尿病及其并发症中的作用机制
二、IL-1在2型糖尿病及其并发症中的作用机制
第七节 其他机制在糖尿病性耳聋发病中的作用
一、衰老对糖尿病听力损害的影响
二、免疫反应在糖尿病性耳聋中的作用

第七章 糖尿病性耳聋的实验室检查
第一节 血糖的测定
……

第八章 糖尿病性耳聋的临床表现、诊断与分级
第九章 糖尿病性耳聋的治疗
第十章 糖尿病性耳聋的其他疗法
第十一章 糖尿病性耳聋的护理
第十二章 糖尿病性耳聋的健康教育
第十三章 糖尿病性耳聋患者的生存质量研究
第十四章 糖尿病性耳聋动物模型的制备与评价
第十五章 糖尿病的最新临床研究进展
第十六章 耳聋与听力学的最新基础研究进展
第十七章 耳聋与听力学的最新临床研究进展
第十八章 中医药防治糖尿病性耳聋的研究进展
Book Abstract

(十二)桃仁
桃仁中主要含脂质体、氰苷、氨基酸和蛋白质、挥发油、甾体和黄酮及其糖苷类化合物和微量元素。其中黄酮可以修复血管内皮细胞,扩张血管,有增加血流量和减少血管阻力的作用。桃仁对体外兔耳血管能明显增加灌流液的流量,并能消除去甲肾上腺素的缩血管作用。桃仁对凝血酶和二磷酸腺苷诱导的血小板聚集有明显的抑制作用。从桃仁中分离的三油酸甘油酯具有抗凝血活性,可以明显延长小鼠出血、凝血时间,防止血栓形成。桃仁含有直接的纤溶成分,可作用于纤维蛋白凝块,增加溶解。桃仁还能显著降低家兔实验性高黏滞血症,并能降低红细胞的聚集性。有研究表明,加味桃仁承气汤水提液及其含药血清对小鼠胰岛β细胞均具有明显的促增殖和促胰岛素分泌作用,提示加味桃仁承气汤所含同有成分可能是该复方促进小鼠胰岛β细胞增殖及胰岛素分泌的物质基础。以桃仁为主的加味核桃承气汤可使链脲菌素导致的糖尿病大鼠肝细胞膜高亲和力胰岛素受体数目明显增加并接近正常,低亲和力受体数目也有所上升,这表明其降糖机制是通过增加胰岛素受体的数目、改善靶细胞对胰岛素敏感性,从而减轻胰岛素抵抗来实现的。含桃仁的芪药消渴胶囊亦可降低四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠血糖水平,对损伤β细胞具有一定的修复作用,提高肝糖原含量,降低血中乳酸含量,其作用机制是抑制α-细胞分泌胰高血糖素,刺激β细胞分泌胰岛素,增加血清胰岛素含量。
(十三)白芥子
白芥子包含白芥子苷、芥子碱、芥子酶、脂肪、蛋白质及黏液质。白芥子苷经芥子酶水解,产生异硫氰酸对羟基苄酯(白芥子油)、酸性硫酸芥子碱及葡萄糖。其中的异硫氰酸对羟基苄酯具有广谱的抗菌作用。酸性硫酸芥子碱经碱性水解可生成芥子酸和胆碱。芥子碱是许多食用和药用植物中比较重要的成分,芥子碱具有极强的抗氧化活性,主要包括超氧阴离子自由基的清除活性,芥子碱的清除自由基的能力非常强,芥子碱母环上的酚羟基是它抗氧化能力的关键所在,芥子碱的抗氧化还原性是白芥子抗衰老的机制之一。酪氨酸酶,也称多酚氧化酶,具有将多种酚类化合物氧化为相应的邻苯醌的能力。实验发现,芥子碱、芥子酸和芥子酸甲酯在一定程度上都对酪氨酸酶有抑制作用,其机制一是抑制物与底物竞争酶双铜活性中心;二是抑制物具有抗氧化活性,抑制酶对底物的催化反应。在对酪氨酸酶的抑制程度上,芥子酸的抑制能力最强,其次是芥子酸甲酯,最后是芥子碱。炎性渗出、组织肿胀是炎症早期的重要指标。李小莉等的试验结果表明,白芥子醇提物对醋酸诱发的小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加均有非常明显的抑制作用,并且均能显著对抗二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀,说明白芥子醇提物对炎症早期的水肿和渗出有明显的抑制作用。
……

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