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新东方GMAT语法改错精解

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新东方GMAT语法改错精解

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改错的基础是语法,而语法是中国学生的强项。然而,无论是已摒弃多年英语学习又重捡起书本的资深经理人,还是有坚实语法基础的在校大学生,都一致认为GMAT改错是其备考道路上的一大障碍:看似一个很近的目标,花了九牛二虎之力后却发觉自己才刚刚起步。本书作者从自己学习GMAT改错的经验和众多GMAT战友的亲身体验出发,总结出GMAT改错的六大难点,并开出六张药方。请大家在阅读本书时仔细体会。

同学们在使用本书的过程中,应坚持以下几点:

1. 先自己解题,再看题解及答案。这样才能有效锻炼解题能力。

2. 解题后,仔细思考以下问题:本句有何结构及习惯用语;本句中主要信息是什么,从属信息是什么;句中有哪些主要修饰成分;挑出其他四个选项的错误之处。

3. 联系原则:把相同搭配或类似表达的句子归纳在一起,进行对照、比较,熟悉它们的答案特征。

4. 牢固掌握第二篇的内容后,再开始第三篇的学习。

Content Description

《新东方GMAT语法改错精解》依据GMAT句子改错题的特点,分析其题目要求、选项特征,提供有针对性的解题方法和技巧;将GMAT句子改错题的典型题目按语法进行分类,补充必要的语法知识,根据这些语法知识对相应的典型例题进行深入剖析,并提供大量高仿真模考题,帮助考生掌握答题规律,积累经验,获取高分。
Author Description

刘振民,曾任新东方GMAT教师,长年致力于GMAT教学和研究,对GMAT考试的出题思路及题目特点有着深入了解,著有《GMAT语法改错精解》等畅销图书。
Catalogue

第一篇 总论

第二篇 实战篇
第一章 名词词组与动名词
第二章 主谓一致
第三章 代词指代
第四章 时态、语态、语气
第五章 平行结构
第六章 动词不定式
第七章 现在分词、过去分词及介词短语
第八章 从句
第九章 比较
第十章 as的用法
第十一章 一些词(词组)的用法和固定结构
第十二章 习惯用语
附 TEST

第三篇 回顾与综合
Introduction

笔考时,GMAT改错在Verbal中与逻辑、阅读处于同等重要的位置;而在改为机考(CAT)后,它的重要位置明显地突出出来了。之所以这样说,原因有三。
1. 所占的比重:机考中Verbal部分有41道题,改错占了16~18题,约占verbal部分的40%。
2. 出题的顺序:在机考Verbal的前10道题中,改错约占4~6题。而我们知道前10道题的正确与否决定了你的GMAT题目的难度系数。也就是说,若前10道题的正确率很高,则其后题目的难度系数将会保持一个很高的水准——预示着你的高分;而若前10题正确率很低,其后题目的分值会很低,你即使在后面的31题中正确率较高,也很难提高难度系数——预算着分数不会过700分。
3. 改错的基础是语法,而语法是中国学生的强项:上述的前两点客观上要求GMAT考生应该在改错方面做得很好;而第三点从客观上证明了我们有此能力做到这一点。但事实却恰恰相反。无论是已摒弃多年英语学习又重捡起书本的资深经理人,还是有坚实语法基础的在校大学生,都一致认为GMAT改错是他们魂牵梦绕的一个谜;看似一个很近的目标,花了九牛二虎之力后却发觉自己才刚刚起步。
那么,这个现实与理论上的期望值之间的差距是怎样产生的呢?
一、GMAT改错中的几个难点
笔者从自己学习GMAT改错的经验和周围几十个GMAT战友的亲身体验出发,认为:GMAT改错有以下六个难点。而正是由于对这六个难点的估计不足,认识不够才导致了这个现实与理论上的差异。
难点一:对一些基本语法知识的生疏。勿庸讳言,英语表达有一些固定的结构,比如说:It is estimated (believed, thought) that; to do sth. is to do sth.;一些固定词组的搭配如accommodation to sth., belief in, both...and等,这些是我们学习英语表达的基础,掌握它们只能靠记忆。而很多准备GMAT的商业人士,因为长期不用而忘记这些用法,从而不可避免地影响GMAT改错的学习。
难点二:GMAT语法规则与通常我们所学的,甚至一些专业语法书籍的规则不尽相同。所以如果我们用已有的语法知识去解按新规则设计的题目,不可避免地会产生一些困惑。在中学课本中,我们曾学过“which可指代前面整个句子”的用法(不少语法书也证实了这一点),例如:He worked in this field for several years, which contributed to his later success. 在此句中,which指前面整个句子,但在GMAT看来,which不能指代前面整个句子,因而此句话是错误的。又比如:中学语法课本说过,that引导宾语从句时,that可省可不省;而GMAT则认为,that一般不可省。诸如此类的问题还有很多。在碰到此类问题时,若你马上摒弃以前的旧思想,以GMAT的要求去调整你已有的语法规则,那么你可能不会有太大的困惑。而若你试图通过查阅更全、更厚的语法书去证明你的原有语法知识是错的,而GMAT是正确的话,你最后会发觉你的这些时间、精力的耗费都是徒劳的,因为往往查阅的结果只会使你确信,你原有的相关知识是对的。这时你就像一只钻进风箱的老鼠,进退两难,不知何去何从。
难点三:不能有效地把握句子的重心。在GMAT改错中,几乎所有的题干都是复合句。每一个复合句中都有一个主要信息和一个或几个附属信息。在英语表达中,主要信息必定要用一个完整的句子来表达,而次要信息则会采用从句、分词短语或独立结构来表述。如:Watching news on television, we had our dinner. 在这个简单的复合句中,We had our dinner是句子的主要信息,而从属信息是Watching news on television (采用分词形式,表主句的伴随状况)。对于这样一个正确的句子,GMAT考试经常会采用主次颠倒和主次不分的手法对此句进行修改,制造出了两个干扰项:(B) Having our dinner, we watched news on television. (C) We had our dinner and watched news on television.(B为主次颠倒,C为主次不分)。由于我们母语汉语中并无类似现象,且由于中英文表达上的差异性,经常就会导致GMAT考生认为三个句子的意思都是一样的,从而面对不知该选哪一个的困惑。
难点四:未能体会GMAT的改错真谛。准确地说,GMAT改错除了改正语法错误之外,更强调表达的有效性和简洁性。这一点既是GMAT与TOEFL的不同之处,又是GMAT语法大大难于TOEFL语法的关键之所在。如:(A) He was absent because he was ill. (B) He was absent for the reason that he was ill. 这两种表达在语法上都正确,但为什么GMAT选A而排除B呢?其原因就在于表达的简洁性和有效性上,because比for the reason that简洁,所以选A。对于此点的不充分理解部分来源于我们有一个先入为主的观念,认为改错就一定只是针对语法现象,类似于TOEFL。同时,也由于我们在英语学习中缺乏这样的训练造成的。因为,一般非英语专业的学生很少有写作课。即使有,老师只会告诉你同一意思可以用几个句型来表达,但从来不会要求你去辨别哪个是最简洁的,表达上是最有效的。
难点五:不能把握题干的真实含义。在一些复杂的、较长划线部分的难题中,由于句中混杂较多的修饰成分和逻辑搭配不当问题,使得考生在很短的时间内无法分辨出句子的真实含义,经常在二三个选项间徘徊,总觉得这二三个选项的句意都可以理解通,由于时间限制,只好从中随机挑一个从而导致最后的失分。
难点六:心理上的畏惧。由于以上几点的困惑及茫然,导致解题的准确度下降;自然而然,考生的自信心受挫,畏惧心理也就随之增强。
那么,对于GMAT考生在学习GMAT中的六个难点,该如何去超越呢?
二、本书写作目的
超越以上难点,消除心理畏惧正是本书的初衷,同时也是本书的精髓所在。本书从谋篇布局到具体习题的讲解都是紧紧围绕以上六个方面来进行的,并试图通过以下具体药方来克服以上六个难点。
药方一:针对语法知识生疏。
(1) 在第二篇中的前十章中,每一章都会列出相应的语法准备(即每章学习需要的必要语法知识),帮助大家回顾和复习。
(2) 在第十一章列出了十二个典型的句法结构,配以习题讲解让大家熟练掌握。
(3) 在第十二章,专门列出了30多个GMAT考试中常用的习语,并配以练习,方便大家查阅及记忆。
(4) 在700多道GMAT试题的分散讲解中,对于每一题中出现的重要结构及搭配都会在题解(答案)之后用语法点提示的形式出现。使大家不用查阅其他语法书籍,就能全面掌握GMAT的基本语法内容。
药方二:针对GMAT语法与一般语法书上的冲突。
(1) 在开篇中,就首先灌输15条公理,先强行消除大家在以前学习中不适用的语法规则,达到“转变思想”的目的。
(2) 然后在具体解题时,只要该题涉及某一公理时,都会重复提到该公理。这种重复,不仅让大家能温习以前的内容,更重要的是,这样做可以强化大家对公理的认识和理解。做到一看到类似的词,用法就在脑部形成兴奋点,提示你相应的解题思路,从而提高解题速度。
药方三:把握句子重心问题。
(1) 在第二篇的第八章分词和第九章从句中会重点强调此问题。
(2) 同时,在其他章节的相关例题中,也会提及。学完本书,使读者做到:见到一个句子后,就能迅速判断哪一部分是主要信息,哪一部分是次要信息。
药方四:体会表达的简洁性和有效性。
(1) 在开篇的公理中,特别提出在GMAT改错中惯用的几种繁杂、笨拙的表达,并给出相应的简洁、有效的替换表达。
(2) 同样,在例题讲解中,只要涉及此点,都会提及,通过重复强化,达到迅速反应的目的。
药方五:对原句句意的正确理解。必须承认,以上四点,只要通过我们把握GMAT改错题的套路结构,掌握一些基本语法点及习惯搭配,会产生立竿见影的显著效果。而这第五点,则是GMAT改错中最难的一部分。同时,高分题几乎都出现在这一部分上;并且,随着机考的出现,此部分有加重的趋势。针对本点的特点及不利于考生的发展趋势,本书除了在第二篇的例题中进行了分散讲解外,还专门在第三篇又花了一大半的篇幅,结合高分难题,针对影响句意理解的两个方面:逻辑搭配和修饰关系进行专题讲解,之后附有规律性的概括和总结(该篇是本书的提高升级篇,同时也是精华篇)。相信,这些探索性的研究会对GMAT考生把握句意起到行之有效的指导作用。
药方六:消除畏惧心理。有了以上的基础之后,大家的解题速度会加快,也会形成各自的解题模式,自信心也就会随之增强,畏惧的心理自然而然地就会减弱直至消失。
三、学习GMAT改错之后的目标:
通过对十多个GMAT战友的情况统计及成绩测算:在具有一定的阅读能力的基础上,我们学习完这本书后应该把目标定为:在GMAT改错中,应保证70%~75%的正确率,也就是说仅改错部分你就可以保证Verbal 28%~30%。在此基础上,若你能在阅读和逻辑(占Verbal的60%)中保证40%的正确率,数学不低于98%,你的GMAT总成绩应在660以上。
该目标对于一般人来说,是切实可行的,是一个在近期内能通过努力达到的。其理论基础有二:
(1) 笔考中,属于前四类问题的题型几乎占到了70%甚至还多。而现在机考中,其比例有所下降,我们可估计一最低值,下降到仅占50%(实际上不可能低于此限度)。前面说过,这些属于固定套路结构题,很容易掌握,因此此部分是我们的囊中之物,不应有误。
(2) 通过对本书的通篇内容归纳综合后,我们应该能从剩余的50%中再拿下20%到25%。因为题目的难度系数分配是符合正态分布的,难题总是少数。
从现在起,希望你就能将此目标作为你学习GMAT改错的最低要求,并每天以此来激励自己。
四、致谢
特别应该感谢的是新东方教育科技集团的俞敏洪老师:他的中肯意见,不仅完善了本书的篇章结构,且丰富了本书的内容;也正是在他的诚挚关心和热情鼓励下,我才能够一鼓作气写完这本书。同时,还要诚挚地感谢白勇老师:他的精彩讲解,不仅使我对语法茅塞顿开,而且为我进一步探索GMAT句子改错指明了方向。此外,也要感谢以下朋友在成书过程中的帮助,我的98Z23/Z24的GMAT战友:林东君、张少鹏、张恒等,新东方学校大专班的高燕小姐及自己的挚友刘天平先生。
本人才疏学浅,文中纰漏之处,请不吝批评指正。
笔者

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Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

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About the brand

Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book