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Jingdong book

好设计不简单Ⅱ UI设计师必须了解的那些事

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看似简单的好设计背后,藏着不简单的原理和方法
要想做好UI设计,你必须了解这些事!
为什么饮水机的左边是热水,右边是冷水?
为什么计算机死机时是蓝屏?
ATM机应该吐卡还是先吐钱?
为什么有些操作需要故意延迟处理?
如何巧妙地缩短用户等待的心理时间?
如何设计友好的报错信息?

Content Description

《好设计不简单Ⅱ:UI设计师必须了解的那些事》作者根据多年的从业经验,剖析用户的心理,从饮水机、门把手等日常生活中的常见物品出发,针对文字、图标、形状、颜色、动态效果等方面,就如何制作出友好的界面、如何通过UI设计避免人为失误等问题,给出了大量简单、易行的建议。书中列举的大量应用实例使枯燥的设计原理变得平易近人。
《好设计不简单Ⅱ:UI设计师必须了解的那些事》适合各行业的UI设计人员,特别是应用程序开发、网页设计的技术人员阅读。

Author Description

古贺直树,东京理科大学应用数学系毕业。1990年投身教育软件开发行业,创立FUNTECH公司,任董事长。从MS-DOS时代起就致力于图形界面设计的研究,曾制作了“游戏工匠”“童话工匠”等多款教娱软件。现主要从事业务系统顾问和设计工作。著有《系统学习计算机语言》(合著,日经BP社)等。

Catalogue

第1章界面设计的重要性

1.1用户界面中存在的问题以及对设计人员的要求

1.1.1不易操作的用户界面

1.1.2界面操作时产生的压抑感

1.1.3对界面设计人员的要求

1.2人为失误的增加及其带来的影响

1.2.1什么是人为失误

1.2.2由人为失误引起的重大事件

第2章界面设计与效果

2.1文字和图标

2.1.1什么是文字

2.1.2图标的应用及其效果

2.2物体的形状

2.2.1物体的形状

2.2.2物体形状给人的直观感受

2.2.3显示器显示的内容给人的感受

2.2.4软件中的形状效果

2.2.5黄金比例与稳定的形状

2.2.6其他稳定的形状

2.2.7可供性——物体形状产生的效果

2.2.8物体形状带来的效果

2.2.9视错觉效果

2.3认识趋势与方向

2.3.1人类视觉中水平与垂直的区别

2.3.2上与下

2.3.3左与右

2.3.4向右转还是向左转

2.4颜色

2.4.1颜色的属性

2.4.2不同颜色产生的不同效果

2.4.3计算机的显示颜色

2.4.4颜色的轻重、大小和层次

2.4.5界面中颜色的活用

2.5动态效果

2.5.1动态表示产生的效果

2.5.2鼠标单击效果

2.63D模拟视觉效果及相关问题

2.6.1向用户界面引入3D嵌入式效果

2.6.2按钮的设计与视线的移动

2.6.3由3D组件引起的焦躁感

第3章操作方法

3.1人机接口

3.1.1人机接口的历史与种类

3.1.2了解鼠标的用途

3.1.3易于操作的触摸屏

3.1.4键盘操作的优点

3.2操作顺序与功能流程

3.2.1对话型与对象型的差异

3.2.2两种操作方法的融合

3.3操作习惯

3.3.1学习效果与下意识操作

3.3.2软件的操作习惯

3.3.3错误的界面设计及应对方法

3.3.4如何应对下意识操作

3.4时间要素

3.4.1向用户提供相关处理信息

3.4.2障眼法——使用户对处理时间产生错觉

3.4.3统一操作时间可以让人更放心

3.4.4向系统中引入时间要素

3.5目标用户的差异

3.5.1不同用户级别对设计的影响

3.5.2使用场所及使用时间对设计的影响

第4章用心创建最佳系统

4.1防止人为失误

4.1.1防止人为失误的方法

4.1.2软件操作中应对人为失误的方法

4.2消除认知性焦虑

4.2.1用户压力及其原因

4.2.2明确操作位置

4.2.3易识别的选项数

4.2.4信息的分类组合

4.2.5信息反馈

4.2.6报错信息

4.2.7充实帮助信息

4.3舒适的界面设计

4.3.1颜色的搭配

4.3.2颜色的使用与配色示例

4.3.3能提高辨识度和对比度的设置

4.3.4便于用户搜索信息的小技巧

4.3.5具有平衡感的设计

参考资料

Book Abstract

对界面设计人员的要求
要想设计出友好的用户界面,需要考虑图形图像设计、操作方法设计以及通知的内容等诸多要素。具体来说,包括以下几点。
配色
指界面中的颜色搭配。配色既要让用户看着安心又要便于读取。
版面设计
版面设计要舒服,这对用户体验十分重要。反之,不舒服的版面设计会让用户产生焦虑感。
形状
某些形状会让用户感到不舒服,甚至还会认为这款软件缺乏准确性,因此在形状的选择上有必要再三斟酌。而最理想的状态则是:即使用户没有学习过具体的操作方法,也能够通过界面上控件形状来操作。
设置
用户界面的设置,势必会影响用户的操作。设置的顺序、方向等也非常重要。
操作方法
如果操作方法难以理解或无法统一,也会让用户感到困惑。因此,一定要统一操作方法。
●反馈方法
必须将处理结果以简单易懂的方式传达给用户。报错信息的显示方法与信息内容,也必须关联到下一步的操作。
如果是软件包或者用户较多的系统(如联机银行系统),对用户界面的设计常常与专业设计师共同完成。即便如此,要想设计出易用的用户界面,负责人本身也必须先学习相应的知识和技术。此外,也可以根据系统规模、开发方式的不同,给予程序员适当的设计权限。在这种情况下,即便是技术人员也应该具备上述技能。
或许,在这里归纳出来的内容,有的是大家认为理所当然的,有的是在现阶段还不明确的。而本书将对这些要素产生的背景、原因,以及其与日常生活和习惯的关联性加以说明,并会详细介绍将其运用到用户界面的方法。第2章和第3章将会分别针对界面的设计效果及用户的操作方法进行具体阐述。第4章会归纳和总结系统中一些典型问题。
人为失误的增加及其带来的影响
在现代社会中,随着计算机的不断普及,系统故障带来的影响也越来越大。而用户的操作失误,是无论在系统开发时进行了多么严格的测试,也是无法避免的。这种因用户操作失误导致的过失,称为“人为失误”。
本节将对人为失误进行简要说明,同时还会介绍几个系统操作中的事故案例。
什么是人为失误
在核电站、航天飞机或电车事故等的相关报道中,总是能听到“人为失误”这个词。“人为失误”,顾名思义,就是“由于人为原因造成的失误”。核电站、航天飞机等一旦发生机械或系统操作问题,会直接关系到人身安全,“人为失误”这个词就是在应对此类事故的过程中出现的。目前,医疗、汽车及铁路等领域也正在积极地研究应对措施。另一方面,随着计算机的普及,不仅是与生命安全息息相关的机械操作系统,在金融、流通等领域也急需找到应对人为失误的办法。
但由于人为失误包含了所有由人为原因导致的操作失误,所以需要考虑到多种不同的失误情况。在对人为失误进行研究时,可以对这些失误进行大致分类。例如,从人为操作的角度出发,可以分为疏忽(slip)、疏漏(lapse)、错误(mistake)三大类。
【根据人为操作进行分类】
疏忽 由于看错或者想错,进行了不当的操作而导致的失误。
疏漏 由于忘记要进行操作而导致的失误。
错误 由于操作本身出错而导致的失误。
另外,也可以将整个操作过程分为输入、传播和输出三部分,分阶段对人为失误进行分类。
由人为失误引起的重大事件
本节将向大家介绍几个在使用计算机时,由人为失误引起的重大事件。
瑞穗证券错误订购案
2005年12月,瑞穗证券股份有限公司在操作嘉克姆公司(现J-COM Holdings股份有限公司)首次公开发行的股票时,因操作失误,将“每股61万日元”的指令错误输入成“1日元61万股”。事发后,瑞穗证券立即采取措施取消订购,但却因东京证券交易所的系统问题无法取消。最终导致瑞穗证券股份有限公司遭受了数百亿日元的经济损失。而且,61万股是嘉克姆公司发行总股份数量的10倍之多。
购物网站标价错误
2003年10月,丸红股份有限公司旗下的购物网站因操作失误,将价值198000日元的电脑错误地标价为19800日元。面对网络上蜂拥而至的订单,丸红公司最终接受了1500台订货。在与买家几番交涉之后,丸红表示“不能违背消费者的意愿”,只能将错就错,按错误的价格出售。究其原因,仅仅是因为在向网站录入价格时发生了操作失误。
电子钱包重复扣款
2008年10月,日本的新闻媒体报道了便利店电子钱包重复扣款的事件。所谓电子钱包,就是持卡人预先在专用IC卡或手机中存入一定的金额,这样交易时就无需使用现金了,只需在专用刷卡机上轻轻一刷即可完成支付。使用电子钱包进行支付时,如果收银员没留意顾客已经刷过卡,又重复操作一次的话就会导致重复扣款的发生。这种情况大多是因为店员的操作失误或经验不足。由于使用方很难把握自己的消费记录,并不知道被扣了两次钱,所以还不太清楚损失的实际情况。
“紧急地震快报(警报)”的误报
2009年8月25日,日本气象厅向千叶县、茨城县、东京都23区、神奈川县东部、琦玉县南部发布了错误的紧急地震快报(警报)。误报的原因是由于千叶县南方总市的观测点向外界发送了异常的振幅数据,所以才导致气象厅误报可能会发生5级以上的大地震。但调查结果显示,厂家在维修震度计的功能软件时,对并非维修对象的紧急地震快报处理系统也进行了调整,结果导致软件发生异常,发出了错误的数据。厂家与气象厅的沟通不够、气象厅的管理体制本身的问题、厂家和气象厅的负责人没有提前对系统进行测试并确认相关检修顺序等诸多因素交织在一起最终导致了误报的发生。
以上事件说明无论使用什么样的系统,只要是人为操作,失误总是在所难免的。所以说,在构建系统时,必须将“人类是会犯错误的”作为前提。对于系统中人为失误的应对措施,4.1节将会做详细介绍。
……

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