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卓越工程师计划·软件工程专业系列丛书:面向对象软件工程与UML实践教程

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《卓越工程师计划·软件工程专业系列丛书:面向对象软件工程与UML实践教程》深入浅出地对UML各种模型进行讲解,以生动的例子穿插于大量概念的解释当中.侧重于实践和应用,每章均附有习题对重点和难点内容进行练习。《卓越工程师计划·软件工程专业系列丛书:面向对象软件工程与UML实践教程》是计算机软件领域中一项实用技术,是软件学科中软件工程系统理论与面向对象方法的结合点.通过对《卓越工程师计划·软件工程专业系列丛书:面向对象软件工程与UML实践教程》的学习,可以巩固软件工程有关的基本理论知识,提高计算机软件设计的理论水平,培养理论分析能力。
Catalogue

第1章 面向对象软件工程概述
1.1 软件工程的概念与发展
1.2 软件生命周期模型
1.2.1 瀑布生命周期模型
1.2.2 迭代与递增模型
1.2.3 快速原型开发生命周期模型
1.2.4 其他生命周期模型
1.2.5 生命周期模型的比较与选择
1.3 面向对象思想
1.3.1 面向对象的提出背景
1.3.2 面向对象的几个重要概念
1.4 面向对象软件过程
1.4.1 统一过程
1.4.2 统一过程的核心工作流
1.4.3 统一过程的各阶段
1.4.4 面向对象软件过程与传统软件过程
1.4.5 软件过程改进
1.5 本章小结
1.6 习题

第2章 统一建模语言UML
2.1 UML的历史
2.2 UML概述
2.2.1 什么是模型
2.2.2 建模的重要性
2.2.3 UML概念
2.3 UML模型观点
2.3.1 4+1模型观
2.3.2 动静模型观
2.4 UML的组成
2.4.1 UML的基本构造块
2.4.2 规则
2.4.3 公共机制
2.4.4 UML的层级结构
2.5 UML图形初探
2.5.1 类图
2.5.2 用例图
2.5.3 顺序图
2.5.4 协作图
2.5.5 状态图
2.5.6 活动图
2.5.7 包图
2.5.8 构件图
2.5.9 部署图
2.6 UML与面向对象软件开发
2.7 本章小结
2.8 习题

第3章 需求分析与用例建模
3.1 需求分析
3.1.1 需求分析的任务
3.1.2 需求管理
3.2 用例模型
3.2.1 用例方法思想
3.2.2 用例模型的基本元素
3.3 用例
3.3.1 用例的概念
3.3.2 系统用例和业务用例
3.4 执行者
3.5 用例关系
3.5.1 包含关系
3.5.2 扩展关系
3.5.3 泛化关系
3.6 用例描述
3.6.1 基本用例信息
3.6.2 执行流程
3.6.3 条件或规则
3.6.4 相关文档
3.7 需求分析中的用例建模过程
3.8 本章小结
3.9 习题

第4章 系统分析与静态建模
4.1 系统分析与设计
4.1.1 概要设计与详细设计
4.1.2 软件设计原则
4.2 包图
4.2.1 包的概念与表示
4.2.2 包之间的关系
4.2.3 导入包和合并包
4.3 类图
4.3.1 类的概念与描述
4.3.2 类图的描述
4.4 类之间的关系
4.4.1 关联
4.4.2 依赖
4.4.3 聚合
4.4.4 组合
4.4.5 继承
4.4.6 其他关联
4.5 类的一些种类
4.6 软件开发中类图的建模方法
4.7 本章小结
4.8 习题

第5章 动态建模之交互模型——顺序图?协作图
5.1 系统设计中的动态建模
5.2 顺序图
5.2.1 顺序图的基本构成元素
5.2.2 顺序图中的动作
5.2.3 顺序图高级建模
5.3 顺序图的建模方法
5.4 协作图
5.5 协作图的组成部分
5.5.1 对象
5.5.2 链接
5.5.3 消息
5.5.4 消息的序列
5.6 协作图的一些高级概念
5.7 协作图的建模方法
5.8 协作图与顺序图的比较
5.9 本章小结
5.1 0习题

第6章 动态建模之状态模型
6.1 状态图
6.1.1 状态机
6.1.2 状态图的含义
6.2 状态图的建模元素
6.2.1 状态图的基本组成成分
6.2.2 状态
6.2.3 迁移
6.2.4 引起状态迁移触发的事件
6.3 状态图的建模方法
6.4 活动图
6.5 活动图的基本描述图符
6.6 活动图的一些基本概念
6.6.1 动作状态
6.6.2 活动状态
6.6.3 动作流
6.6.4 分支与合并
6.6.5 分叉与汇合
6.6.6 泳道
6.6.7 对象流
6.7 活动图的建模方法
6.8 状态图和活动图的比较
6.9 本章小结
6.1 0习题

第7章 系统体系结构建模
7.1 系统体系结构模型
7.2 构件图
7.2.1 构件和接口
7.2.2 构件图
7.2.3 工件
7.2.4 工件图
7.3 部署图
7.3.1 节点
7.3.2 节点之间的关联
7.3.3 部署图的建模步骤
7.4 本章小结
7.5 习题

第8章 设计模式
8.1 设计模式概述
8.1.1 设计模式起源和概念
8.1.2 设计模式遵循的基本原则
8.1.3 设计模式分类
8.2 创建型设计模式
8.2.1 工厂设计模式
8.2.2 单例模式
8.2.3 构建型其他设计模式
8.2.4 创建型设计模式总结
8.3 结构型设计模式
8.3.1 代理模式
8.3.2 外观模式
8.3.3 桥接模式
8.3.4 结构型其他设计模式
8.3.5 结构型设计模式总结
8.4 行为型设计模式
8.4.1 策略模式
8.4.2 命令模式
8.4.3 观察者模式
8.4.4 行为型其他设计模式
8.4.5 行为型设计模式总结
8.5 设计模式选择总结
8.6 本章小结
8.7 习题

第9章 案例分析——电子商城系统建模
9.1 需求分析
9.2 电子商城需求阶段——用例模型
9.2.1 电子商城用例图
9.2.2 电子商城活动图
9.3 电子商城分析阶段——分析模型
9.3.1 电子商城类图
9.3.2 电子商城顺序图
9.3.3 电子商城协作图
9.4 电子商城设计阶段——设计模型
9.4.1 电子商城状态图
9.4.2 电子商城构件图
9.4.3 电子商城配置图
9.5 本章小结

第10章 RSA系统建模
10.1 RSA简介
10.1.1 RSA概述
10.1.2 RSA安装
10.2 创建模型项目
10.3 创建系统用例模型
10.3.1 创建用例图
10.3.2 创建活动图
10.4 创建系统分析模型
10.4.1 创建类图
10.4.2 创建顺序图
10.4.3 创建协作图
10.5 创建系统设计模型
10.5.1 创建状态图
10.5.2 创建构件图
10.5.3 创建部署图
10.6 本章小结
参考文献
Book Abstract

《卓越工程师计划·软件工程专业系列丛书:面向对象软件工程与UML实践教程》:
因此为了更好地进行软件开发,出现了多种生命周期模型。
软件生命周期模型主要有瀑布生命周期模型?迭代与递增模型?快速原型开发生命周期模型和螺旋生命周期模型等。
1。2。1瀑布生命周期模型
1970年Royce首次提出瀑布模型。瀑布模型是最基本的和最有效的一种可供选择的软件开发生命周期模型,直到20世纪70年代末,大多数软件组织都使用一种称为瀑布模型的生命周期进行软件开发。
该模型的核心思想是按工序将问题化简,将功能的实现与设计分开,便于分工协作,即采用结构化的分析与设计方法将逻辑实现与物理实现分开。瀑布模型将软件生命周期划分为软件计划?需求分析和定义?软件设计?软件实现?软件测试?软件运行和维护6个阶段,规定了它们自上而下?相互衔接的固定次序,如同瀑布流水逐级下落,如图1-1所示。
图1-1瀑布模型
瀑布模型具备如下几个关键特点。
(1)各个阶段的结束认定严格。在任何阶段的文档完成并且该阶段的产品被软件质量保证小组认可之前,该阶段不能认为结束。每一个阶段都必须定义明确的产出物和验证准则。瀑布模型在每一个阶段完成后都需要组织相关的评审和验证,只有在评审通过后才能够进入下一个阶段。
(2)各个阶段有明确的产出要求。由于需要对每一个阶段进行验证,瀑布模型要求每一个阶段都有明确的文档产出。
(3)各个阶段具有严格依赖关系。对于严格的瀑布模型每一个阶段都不应该重叠,而应该是在评审通过,相关的产出物都已经建立基线后才能够进入下一个阶段。
(4)各个阶段都包含测试。测试不是仅在产品建造完成后才能进行的独立阶段,也不是仅在每个阶段结尾时进行。相反,测试应在软件过程中连续进行。特别是在维护期间,必须确保修改的产品版本不仅仍能做先前版本所做的,而且能满足客户提出的任何新的需求。
如果在设计期间发现了一个需求中的差错引起的差错,顺着虚线向上的箭头,软件开发人员可以回溯设计到分析并由此到需求,并在那里进行必要的修改。然后,向下移到分析,改正规格说明文档以反映对需求的改动,并顺次纠正设计文档。设计工作现在可以在原来差错的地方继续进行。这种严格的过程模型能够确保文档与程序的良好一致性,提升软件的可维护性,极大地避免了程序修改而对应的需求及设计文档并没有及时更新的问题。
然而,瀑布模型是文档驱动的事实也是其弱点:客户通常没有阅读软件规格说明的习惯,而且规格文档通常是以一种客户不熟悉的风格写成的。但是,客户不管是否真的明白,都会签署规格说明文档的。并且,客户只有在整个产品完成编程之后才首次看到能够工作的产品。这样,就容易导致生产的产品并不是客户想要的情况。
特性的蔓延即连续地向需求中加入小的甚至琐碎的特性。该行为对软件健康有害。然而,一个软件产品是现实世界的一个模型,而现实世界是不断改变的。故特性蔓延问题又是无法避免的,因此生命周期模型应该考虑如何适应移动目标。
1。2。2迭代与递增模型
递增迭代是常采用的软件开发生命周期模型。迭代与递增分别是软件开发的两个固有特性。
(1)迭代。首先,人们要认识到无法仅通过一次过程就开发出理想而完美的软件产品,一个经得起考验的软件产品通常是经过若干次迭代过程才逐步趋于完美的。即一个软件会有多个版本,每个版本都比前一个版本离用户的真正需求更近一步,最终构建出一个满意的版本。迭代是软件开发的一个固有特性,瀑布模型亦符合迭代的特性。
……

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