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艾丽丝·门罗作品:岩石堡风景

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艾丽丝·门罗作品:岩石堡风景

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一代又一代人如流水而过,他们的基因和故事塑造我们
从苏格兰到加拿大,门罗打捞她精彩纷呈的私人家族史

诺贝尔文学奖获得者艾丽丝·门罗带着你一起解开谜题
Content Description

《岩石堡风景》难以归类,它是小说和回忆录的结合。在这本书中,门罗回溯了她的家族史,再现了祖先在苏格兰的生活和远涉重洋的经历,一代又一代人的生活鲜活地展现于笔下。书里有考据,有传说,有亲身经历……历史如马蹄声嘚嘚而来,个人的生活也纷纷而至,令人读来百种滋味在心头。
Author Description

艾丽丝·门罗(1931——),加拿大女作家,2013年诺贝尔文学奖得主。一生专注于中短篇小说创作,讲述小地方普通人特别是女性隐含悲剧的平常生活,以细腻透彻又波澜不惊的话语,洞见人性的幽微处。

在获得诺奖之前,门罗就被誉为“我们时代的契诃夫”;诺贝尔文学奖颁奖词称她为“当代短篇小说大师”。
Comments

《岩石堡风景》既不算小说也不算回忆录,确切说也不算是短故事。然而它是如此精准,正是为那些事、那些人和祖先低回不已时,我们回忆的方式。

——《纽约客杂志》

艾丽丝·门罗的的小说体现着她的一种努力——恢复小说的神秘性。她远离了当代小说那种锐利但却琐碎的、简约但却留白过多的、克制到寡情的作风,让小说重新成为混沌的、朦胧的、多解的、磅礴的、雾气缭绕的、根系繁多的,所以,她会被视为契科夫的传人。

——作家 韩松落


Catalogue

序言
第一部分 穷乡僻壤
穷乡僻壤
岩石堡风景
伊利诺伊
蛮荒之地
劳碌一生
第二部分 家
父亲们
苹果树下
女帮工
出路

你为什么想知道这些?
信 使
Book Abstract

穷乡僻壤(节选)

本教区实属穷乡僻壤。丘陵地带,密布苔藓,不宜耕作。山坡高耸入云,苔藓湿气蒸发,空气常年氤氲……最近的市集离此十五英里,山路陡峭几乎不能通行。冬季大雪光顾,造成极大不便。数月与世隔绝,乃是家常便饭。缺少桥梁,亦使本地格外闭塞;若逢汛期,旅行者只能望山兴叹。能够收获的作物只有大麦、燕麦和土豆。本地人从未尝试过小麦、黑麦、萝卜和白菜……

本教区只有十位拥有土地的业主,没有一位业主在此地居住。

本条目由塞尔扣克郡埃特里克教区牧师为《1799年苏格兰统计报告》撰写

埃特里克山谷位于爱丁堡以南约五十英里,英格兰边境以北三十多英里的地方,距当年哈德良为防范北方野蛮民族而修建的长城很近。安东尼诺斯统治时期,罗马人继续向北推进,在克莱德湾和福斯湾之间建立了一道由哨所组成的防御线,不过这道防线没能坚持多久。很长时间以来,这两道防线之间一直是多民族杂居之地。他们中有凯尔特人(一部分凯尔特人来自爱尔兰,被称为斯各特人),有来自南方的盎格鲁—撒克逊人,有从北海对岸过来的日耳曼人,当然多少也有些本土苏格兰人。

我的祖先就住在埃特里克山谷高地上,一座名为“法—霍普”的多石的农场。“霍普”是一个古老的词儿,来自日耳曼语,它的意思是“湾”,但不是有水的“湾”,而是被群山环抱着的一片陆地。(在这片土地上,日耳曼语、盎格鲁—撒克逊语、盖尔语的交错混杂乃理所当然,间或还能发现古布立吞语,提醒你早年间威尔士人的存在。)本案中“霍普”周围的山又高又荒凉,属“南方高地”的一部分,三座大山分别叫作布莱克· 克诺威、波德斯派克· 劳和埃特里克· 潘——在这三座山的名字里,分别含有用三种语言表达的“山”的意思。曾几何时,茂盛的埃特里克森林一度是苏格兰国王的狩猎场。在15或16世纪,这里被砍伐一空,变成了牧场或石南丛生的荒野。到了17和18世纪,这些山即便不是光秃秃的,想必也是满目疮痍。现如今,这里又开始了新一轮的封山造林,有些地方的锡特卡云杉已经颇具规模。

法—霍普所在的山,位于埃特里克山谷的尽头。它是一道分水岭,也是苏格兰的脊梁。它将苏格兰的河流分为两半,一半向西流入索尔韦湾和大西洋,另一半向东流入北海。从法—霍普往北不到十英里,便是苏格兰最有名的瀑布:灰母马的尾巴。住在山谷发端处的居民通常去莫法特小镇购买日用品,而在离莫法特镇约五英里的地方,有一道巨大的隘口掩映于群山之间。该隘口被称作“魔鬼的牛肉池”。据信,在无法无天的16世纪,强盗们在那里藏匿偷来的牲畜—当然是从英国偷来的。在埃特里克山谷较低的那一端,有个叫爱克伍德的地方,那里是12—13世纪的哲学家兼巫师迈克尔· 斯科特的故乡。此人曾出现于但丁的作品《炼狱》。如果这还不足以说明问题,我还可以举出威廉· 华莱士[1]的例子,此人是苏格兰的游击战英雄,据说也曾经为了躲避英国人的追捕而藏身于此。此外还有莫林的故事,那个被埃特里克牧羊人一路追杀,毙命于原始森林的莫林。

(据我所知,我的先祖,一代复一代,都是埃特里克牧羊人。森林里居然能有牧羊人的用武之地,乍一听可能显得有些奇怪,但实际上,供打猎用的森林,中间常常留有很多开阔的空地。)

不管怎么说,第一眼看到山谷时,我略感失望。当你对某个地方有过许多想象之后,失望便很容易发生。彼时为早春,群山尚是棕色的,也许可以说成紫棕色的,令我想起卡尔加里四周的山;埃特里克河虽然湍急而清澈,但宽度却赶不上梅特兰河—后者位于安大略省,流经我从小长大的农场;当我最初看到围成一圈一圈的石头时,我以为那是凯尔特人留下的有趣的宗教祭祀遗址,但这种“遗址”接二连三地被我发现,且状态过于完好,终于令我悟到:那不过是当代牧羊人随手留下的羊圈。

我独自一人在塞尔扣克坐上了一周两次的购物班车。这趟车最远只到埃特里克桥。我在埃特里克桥附近走了走,消磨时间等待邮差,因为据说邮差可以带我上山。此地最主要的景观是一块广告牌,竖在一间已经倒闭的店铺上,上面写着“丝尔克· 卡特”。我苦思冥想也没搞懂那是什么,后来才得知那是本地一个著名的香烟品牌。

过了一会儿,邮差来了,我便搭他的车去了埃特里克教堂。到达教堂时,不巧下起了很大的雨。教堂锁着门,再一次令我失望。这座教堂建于1824年,但与我在苏格兰参观过的其他教堂相比,它的外表不够古老,气氛也不够阴郁。我觉得自己出现在此地显得很扎眼,与环境不谐调,而且我冷得厉害。我缩在墙边站着,直到雨小了一点儿,才去了教堂后面的墓地。挂满水珠的深草沾湿了我的双腿。

我在那里最先找到了威廉· 莱德劳的墓碑。他是我的直系祖先,生于17世纪末,亦以威尔· 奥法普之名为人熟知。此人被视为名人(至少是当地名人),可以算是不列颠群岛上最后一个创造了神话的普通人。同一块墓碑上还刻着他的女儿玛格丽特· 莱德劳· 霍格的名字—她就是那个骂过华尔特· 斯科特爵士的人。玛格丽特的丈夫罗伯特· 霍格的名字也刻在墓碑上—他是埃特里克堂的承租人。紧挨着这块石头,我看到了作家詹姆斯· 霍格的墓碑,他是玛格丽特和罗伯特的儿子,也就是威尔· 奥法普的外孙。他以“埃特里克牧羊人”之名为世人所知。牧师托马斯· 波斯顿的墓碑也离此不远,此人的著作与布道曾经在苏格兰名噪一时,尽管他的名声并未令他升迁至更加重要的教区。

在一众莱德劳之间,有一块墓碑上的名字是罗伯特· 莱德劳,他于1800年1月29日死于霍普居,享年七十二岁。他是威尔的儿子,玛格丽特的哥哥,詹姆斯的舅舅。他很可能想不到,自己之所以能被人记住,是因为与上述一干人等的亲戚关系,就像他无法预测自己的死期一样。

他就是我的曾曾曾曾祖父。


Introduction

大约十年或者十二年前,我对我父亲家族的历史产生了浓厚且持久的兴趣。我父亲姓莱德劳。关于莱德劳们的历史资料很多,相当多。这实在有些非同寻常,因为他们都是些小人物,不曾飞黄腾达,再加上他们从前住在埃特里克山谷,而这是一个被《1799年苏格兰统计报告》称为“穷乡僻壤”的地方。为了查找资料,我在苏格兰住了几个月,就住在离埃特里克山谷很近的地方。我去了塞尔扣克和加拉希尔斯公共图书馆,在地方志中找到了他们的名字。我还查到了詹姆斯· 霍格在《布莱克伍德杂志》上对他们的记述。霍格的母亲来自莱德劳家族,当沃尔特· 斯科特为《苏格兰边区的游吟诗人》收集民谣时,霍格曾经带着斯科特去访问自己的母亲(她欣然提供了一些资料,不过当这些民谣被出版时,她又感觉受到了冒犯)。我的幸运之处就在于,我们家族的每一代里都有热爱写信的人。这些信通常都长篇大论,毫无保留地透露生活细节,有时热情洋溢,有时怒透纸背,充满栩栩如生的回忆。别忘了,苏格兰可是穷乡僻壤,约翰· 诺克斯曾经建议把每一个苏格兰孩子都送进乡村学堂去学习读写,否则他们连《圣经》都读不懂。
精彩的还在后面。
历经数年,我将这些材料汇总在一起,不知不觉间,它们开始自动增删,渐渐成长为故事。有些人物主动用自己的语言向我叙述自己的经历,另一些人物则从背景中超脱出来,站到了我的面前。在最大可能地尊重历史的前提之下,人物的语言和我的语言纠缠在一起,形成一个奇妙的重塑生命的过程。
与此同时,我一直在写另一系列特殊的故事。我每隔几年都会出版一本小说集,而那几个故事没有被我收入任何一本小说集之中。为什么呢?因为我觉得它们不属于小说。虽然它们不是回忆录,但它们比起我的任何一篇小说(即使是用第一人称写的小说)来,都离我的真实生活更近。在我那些以第一人称写作的小说里,我尽管使用了自己的私人经历,却同时对材料进行了随心所欲的改造,因为我的主要目的是编故事。而在这几篇未被收入小说集的故事里,我所做的略有不同。我处理材料的方式其实与写作回忆录更接近。我在探索生命,我自己的生命,尽管我并没有以一丝不苟的态度记录历史的真实。我把我自己放在中心,我的笔触围绕着这个中心游走,同时尽最大可能去向周边探索。包围着我的其他人物都含有虚构成分,他们在我的笔下拥有了自己的生命和色彩,做了他们在现实中不曾做过的事情。他们加入了救世军,他们告诉别人自己来自芝加哥。其中一个人物因触电而死,另一个人物则在马厩里开了一枪。事实上,一些人物与他们的原形相距如此之远,以至于我都记不起当初我到底打算写谁。
而这,就是故事。
你也许会同意:这样的故事比起小说来更接近曾经的真实,尽管我无法信誓旦旦地说:这就是生活。而书中那也许可以被称为家庭历史的部分虽然被扩张为小说,但又始终待在历史叙事的框架之内。经过如此这般的发展之后,两股溪流靠得越来越近,最终似乎汇入了同一河床之中。而在我看来,这就是写作的题中应有之义。

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2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

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2种选择
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