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Jingdong book

导演的摄影课(修订版)

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导演的摄影课(修订版)

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Editer Recommend

来自ASC成员的工作经验和访谈资料首度公开,其中多人数次斩获奥斯卡奖项或提名

以电影制作流程为结构,阐明如何将美学概念转化为可操作的技术手段,从而使导演脑海中的画面变成银幕上的影像

收录大量珍贵高清剧照、故事板及绘画和平面摄影作品等视觉参考

中国影视摄影师协会会长、美国电影摄影师协会主席作序推荐

Content Description

本书旨在讲授导演需要了解的摄影知识,明确摄影师的职能,让彼此能达成专业且富有创造性的合作。作者以电影制作的具体流程为基本结构,引证美国电影摄影师协会各位大师及著名导演的工作经验、创作研讨会记录、专题访谈,对如何选择摄影师、怎样将剧本翻译成视觉形象、怎样为影片设定恰当的视觉风格和色彩基调以及如何选择合适的拍摄格式等导演和摄影师需要共同面对的问题,提供了切实有效的指导。

本书每章末尾都附有详实的具体建议,以《色,戒》《神枪手之死》《英国病人》《血色将至》等摄影佳作为案例,并收录了大量剧照、故事板以及绘画和平面摄影作品等视觉参考。

Author Description

杰奎琳·弗洛斯特(Jacqueline B. Frost),美国加州州立大学富勒顿分校教授,主讲电影摄影及前沿影视制作等课程,并为UCLA定期讲授“导演的摄影课”,也继续着自己的电影摄影师生涯。


译者简介

巩如梅,曾任北京电影学院摄影系教授、硕士研究生导师。现任北京电影学院现代创意媒体学院摄影艺术与技术系教授、系主任。编著有《中国电影专业史研究·电影摄影卷》《镜头后面的世界——中国电影摄影师研究》《制造的影像——与十五位电影人对话数字技术》。

Comments

我读过很多有关电影摄影的书籍,而这本《导演的摄影课》是我感觉真切、务实、熟悉的一本。

——穆德远,中国影视摄影师协会会长

本书包含大量有用的信息和真是的经历,任何一位渴望精心打磨自己的拍片技巧、成长为电影人的人——即使他们不是一个导演或摄影师——都能潜入这碗伟大而多样的浓汤,吸收其中所有的营养。

——理查德·克鲁多,美国电影摄影师协会主席

Catalogue

推荐语1

序一8

序二9

鸣谢11

前言12

第一章导演和摄影师:富有创造力的合作伙伴1

1.1导演3

1.2电影摄影师9

1.3选择电影摄影师12

1.4导演应该作什么准备?18

第二章电影摄影师和剧本21

2.1视觉阐释30

2.2故事板36

2.3关于剧本,导演应该知道的事情 40

第三章光学镜头的美学41

3.1镜头基础44

3.2镜头上的数字54

3.3理解景深54

3.4变形镜头57

3.5景深的美学59

3.6监视区和导演63

3.7作为导演应该对镜头有哪些了解?64

第四章视觉参考65

4.1大师级摄影师69

4.2绘画大师77

4.3其他影响电影的美术运动84

4.4导演如何同摄影师交流?91

4.5关于视觉参考导演所应该了解的94

第五章影片的色调95

5.1色温99

5.2了解电影胶片116

5.3有关色调,导演应该知道的130

6.1历史回顾131

第六章类型片的照明131

6.2类型电影134

6.3类型与预算149

6.4照明风格150

6.5高调和低调照明152

6.6类型影片的案例研究155

6.7导演需要懂得的几点规则158

第七章运动的工具与美学161

7.1常见摄影运动163

7.2运动的工具172

7.2关于摄影机运动导演所应该了解的186

第八章各种格式:“画布”189

8.1画幅比190

8.2胶片格式190

8.3数字格式204

8.4专业数字摄影机205

8.5来自ASC 电影摄影师对数字摄影机的思考216

8.6导演应该知道的关于格式的事情219

9.1洗印厂和胶转磁221

第九章洗印厂、DI 和实现特定的视觉风貌221

9.2回放工作样片222

9.3传统胶片后期224

9.4以化学方法改变色彩基调的洗印工艺228

9.4数字中间片232

9.5后期修复235

9.6适应变化 239

9.7给导演的九条忠告243

第十章导演与摄影师创造性合作的历史245

附录一 参考作品 267

附录二 受访者名单 268

译者说明 279

出版后记 280

Book Abstract

l导演选择摄影师的备忘录:

(1)给将要合作的电影摄影师送上最终定稿的拍摄剧本。

(2)见面讨论剧本,看看你们对这部影片是否有相同的视觉想象。注意一下你们的性格是否合得来。让这个人成为剧组的一员并一起拍摄影片,你觉得舒服吗?

(3)找一个以前同这个电影摄影师合作过的导演聊聊,了解他工作的速度。那位导演还愿意同这个摄影师一起工作吗?

(4)参考他以前的作品或长片,这些影片要么同你计划拍摄的影片很相似,要么符合你打算拍的影片的风格。你也可以同电影摄影师一起把他以前的作品放一下,告诉他你想要把什么东西带进你的电影里,以及为什么你选择他做你的摄影师。

(5)与电影摄影师讨论一下他是否愿意亲自掌机,他是否有自己经常合作的团队如灯光师、掌机、摄影助理等。

(6)讨论一下与你自己拍摄计划相近的视觉参考。分享从杂志上搜集的可能与你的影片风格相类似的图片或照片。绘画作品也有可能成为一种视觉参考,那就可以一起去参观博物馆。如果是一部古装片(periodpiece),参考一下关于那个时代的照片或明信片来帮助你为影片选定一种视觉风貌。

(7)给电影摄影师看你的故事板和所有你想到的视觉形象(例如照片或者是视频片段)。

(7)如果拍摄计划需要大量的美术设计,让电影摄影师和美术指导见面讨论一下布景和色彩的规划。

(8)让进组的电影摄影师进行一次开拍前的生产试验,以确保可以得到你想要的那种视觉风貌。然后坐下来一起看试片。这同时也是一次在开拍之前摸清合作情况的试运行。另外,如果你打算做后期工艺如跳漂(bleachbypass)或消色,这个工作也是非常重要的。

(9)一起看景。电影摄影师需要考虑供电问题,以及哪种类型的光源最适合当地的拍摄条件。在外景场地时,这也会给你讨论调度和光效的机会。还应该考虑到在一天中的什么时刻拍摄最合适。

(10)作为导演,清楚自己所需是非常关键的。如果你乐于接受视觉方面的建议,那么让电影摄影师清楚地知道这一点,并听取他们的想法。

(11)还要牢记电影摄影师也会评估作为导演的你,并决定是否愿意同你一起工作!

l什么会使你(电影摄影师)远离一位导演?

如果会见一位导演时,他只是一个劲儿地谈论其他影片,那对我将毫无作用。我没看过那么多电影。之所以如此,是因为我仍想把看电影当成是一种娱乐。我不想非去研究每一个画面,这很容易误入歧途,使自己对电影过于吹毛求疵……我并不想复制看过的影片,更不愿复制自己。所以对于我来说,与导演讨论以前的电影并不是非常有效的沟通方式。我一直希望与我一起工作的导演能够坚持自己的想法。

(丹尼尔·珀尔,ASC,弗洛斯特采访,2007年7月)

当然,这只是其中一种观点。一些电影摄影师还是非常乐于讨论以前的作品的,并且相信导演有能力在保留自己独立视角的前提下,去参考名垂青史的影片。

l哪种类型的导演最难合作?

那种失控的、极端的自大狂,那种不懂得如何合作的人。我同这种人合作过,他们更关心的是4点钟能不能收工,以便可以在天黑之前打几洞(高尔夫)。“你是在拍电影,你是享有特权,可是老兄,这就是你操心的东西吗?”有那么一类导演,整天操心的就是,导一部片子是不是可以让他们在抢手的餐厅里有个好座位,或者能不能和一个模特约会。我想告诉他们说:“伙计,如果你闭上嘴,在接下来的几周里多花点心思好好干活,你想的那些东西会一大卡车一大卡车地运来堆到你家门口,多得你收都收不过来。所以你还是别想那么多吧,好好工作,努力拍一部好片子。”

(理查德·克鲁多,ASC,弗洛斯特采访,2007年7月)

我常想到当导演和摄影师意见不一致时常常发生的冲突,而我总是问为什么。因为我觉得摄影师应该是导演的助手,并非那种主-仆形式的助手,而是一种合作关系。所以导演可以走向你说“那你觉得怎么样?”,你们来来去去,最后达到一种平衡:导演作为老板,摄影师是助手,而两者之间有一种很好的专业关系。我同样也会将美术设计师引到圈子里,因为实际上三个人都要参与:导演、摄影师、美术设计师。随着你们接近拍摄,力量分配也在不断改变。先是美术设计师作为1号得力助手开始工作,然后摄影师进入,开始拍摄影片,这时他变成了1号得力助手。美术设计师则退居二线,直到影片完成。要补拍镜头时,摄影师又会加入美术设计师和剪辑师的工作。所以有各种专业人马帮助导演制作他想制作的影片。我并不觉得摄影师在导演对他的需求和他对影片的贡献上比美术设计师、剪接师、录音师、服装师等等更优越。我们都是小齿轮,围绕在伟大的中心——导演——周围,导演才是老板。我们大家齐心协力,都是为了拍好那同一部影片。

(约翰·希尔,ASC,弗洛斯特采访,2007年10月)

l导演应该作什么准备?

这里有一些给新导演的建议,以帮助他们准备好与电影摄影师成为“富于创造性的合作伙伴”。导演应该对影片拍摄出来后的样子具有视觉想象,并且应满怀热情地把他的视觉想象与电影摄影师分享。

(1)参观器材展,例如NAB(全美广播电视设备展)、DVExpo(数字视频器材博览会)、Cinegear(电影、视频和数字媒体器材展览会),在这些地方你会有机会看到可利用的新技术,认识市场上新型的摄影机规格,了解一些最新的技术资源。

(2)学习电影摄影的基本原理:镜头的种类、镜头焦距和景深的使用、基本的用光风格及光的性质(硬光、柔光、色光)。对于自己想要的东西有想法,但也听得进去建议。

(3)从大师绘画、某一时代的照片以及其他影片中寻找视觉参考。花时间与你的摄影师一起讨论你的影片的貌和风格。

(4)让电影摄影师变成你的搭档。重要的是要让他们感觉到与你是合作关系,以及他们是受到尊重的。

(5)另外,建立关系(就像婚姻的关系)。学会接受建议或者是委婉且满怀尊重的拒绝。团队的沟通也很重要。

(6)准备妥当。导演们需要心里清楚电影成片后的样子。故事板对电影摄影师非常有用。记住电影摄影师是使用视觉语言的作家,那种不作太多阐释,但在情绪上有更多渲染的作家。

(7)与电影摄影师谈一下剧本中真正需要的是什么。电影摄影师从视觉角度进行思考,并可能就如何用电影的方式增强你的故事提出建议。

(8)与美术指导一起看景,讨论场景的色彩和视觉设计。

(9)对于相对重要些的镜头心中有数。不要在一个对于故事不重要,并且很可能会剪掉的镜头上浪费时间折磨摄影指导。对“能做”和“应该做”的限制有所了解。

(10)确保你做好了自己的功课并且准备好了场面调度。一个好的摄影师同样也会做好准备。

(11)一起去洗印厂观看你为后期制作考虑到的生产试验样片,例如跳漂或者是消色画面效果。了解如何在你的电影中运用这些工艺去打动观众的心。

(12)既不妄自尊大也不妄自菲薄。导演应该做好自己的工作,电影摄影师也会做好他们的工作,各司其职。责任过界的话会引起问题。摄影指导并不掌管整个电影,而是促进导演的创造性想象。

记住,好的电影摄影师会与他们的导演站在一起。他们知道是导演雇用了他们,他们也准备好与导演一起努力,得到尽可能最好的画面效果。

……

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Yami has a consolidation warehouse in China which collects multiple sellers’ packages and combines to one order. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to your door. Cross-store free shipping over $69.

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You may return products within 30 days upon receiving the products. Sellers take responsibilities for any wrong shipment or missing items. Packing needs to be unopened for any other than quality issues return. We promise to pack carefully, but because goods are taking long journey to destinations, simple damages to packaging may occur. Any damages not causing internal goods quality problems are not allowed to return. If you open the package and any quality problem is found, please contact customer service within three days after receipt of goods.

Shipping Information

Yami Consolidation Service Shipping Fee $9.99(Free shipping over $69)

Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

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About the brand

Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book