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Jingdong book

论人类不平等的起源和基础

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Jingdong book

论人类不平等的起源和基础

Name: 论人类不平等的起源和基础
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3130000131
Price: 30.72 USD
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本版《论人类不平的起源和基础》采用1876年典藏版法文原著，在此版本上进行翻译。译文尊重卢梭当年应第戎学院征文而执笔的写作原意和部分词汇的专业用法，更加精准流畅。
开篇导读，帮助读者对卢梭以及对这部著作进行一个提纲概括式的了解，减轻名著入门难的障碍。
本版《论人类不平的起源和基础》新增卢梭当时于论文写成后又添加的19个补充注释，使读者更加全面的了解卢梭在写作过程中的哲学思辨，延伸的知识也令本著作更加立体。
本版还收录当年日内瓦著名博物学家博纳(Bonnet)以菲洛普利(Philopolis)的笔名写信反对《论人类不平等的起源和基础》后，卢梭亲自雄辩答复博纳质疑的回信，是值得收藏的经典版本。

Content Description

《论人类不平等的起源和基础》因其学术地位和内容影响，成为国内各大本科院校社会学、法学、伦理学专业的必读名著。
本书被称为法国大革命的灵魂，是法国著名启蒙思想家、哲学家卢梭整个政治学说的导言。奠定了西方社会形态的著作《社会契约论》正是在本书的基础上深论而写成。
在《论人类不平等的起源和基础》一书中，卢梭一方面借助当时有关野蛮人的人类学资料，一方面展开辩证的想象，回顾了人类从自然状态向社会状态过渡的历史进程，为社会学研究、法学发展研究、伦理学研究提供了基础，是学术名著中公认的不朽经典，也是人文科学爱好者值得收藏的作品之一。

Author Description

让-雅克·卢梭（Jean-Jacques Rousseau，1712-1778）
18世纪法国大革命的思想先驱、民主主义者，思想精华和基本原则是“人民主权”。坚持自然神论，唯心主义是他的哲学思想的主要倾向，被称为“自由的奠基人”。他生前遭人唾弃被迫流亡，晚年患“逼害性心理分裂症”，1778年卢梭去世，死时穷困潦倒，死后其思想和著作却大受法国社会的膜拜敬仰。
主要著作
《论人类不平等的起源和基础》《社会契约论》《爱弥儿》《忏悔录》

邓冰艳，热爱文学哲学的青年学者，擅长关于工业技术以及社会经济方面的法文翻译，毕业于北京外国语大学。

Catalogue

导读
致辞：献给日内瓦共和国
序言
本论
第一部分
第二部分
注释
附录：卢梭致菲洛普利的信
附录：卢梭生平大事年表

Book Abstract

让我们将所有那些只能让我们看到人类既成模样的科学书籍扔到一边，仔细去思考人类灵魂最初、最简单的运作吧！
我从那里看到了先于理性存在的两大原则，其中一个原则让我们对自己的幸福（bien être）和自我保存产生浓厚的兴趣，而另一个原则就是在看到所有感性存在尤其是同类死亡或者痛苦时会产生天然的反感情绪。而我们的精神正在做的就是，在不需要引进人与人之间的关系准则（sociabilité）的前提下，对这两个原则进行协调并且加以配合。在我看来，正是这两个原则的协调与配合催生了自然法的所有规则。随后，理性通过其不断的发展，终于达到了让本性窒息的程度，那时候，便不得不将这些规则建立在其他基础之上了。
因此，我们大可不必在将人类变成一个人之前先将他变成一个哲学家。他们并不仅仅因为后来出现的智慧和教训，才对别人存在义务。只要他不去抗拒怜悯心的自然冲动，他便永远不会对其他任何人，甚至是任何感性的存在作恶，除非是在他的自我保存受到威胁，他被迫优先考虑自己时，才会做出这样的正当举动。通过这一方式，我们也可以结束有关动物是否遵从自然法的古老争论。这是因为，很显然，动物在既没有智慧又没有理性的情况下是无法意识到这个规律的，但是由于它们拥有的感知与我们的天性有些共通之处，因此人们有理由认为它们也遵从自然法，同时，人类也被迫对这些动物存在某种义务。事实上，如果我被迫不对我的同类作恶，这更应该是因为他是一个感性的存在，而不是因为他是一个理性的存在。这个性质既然在畜牲和人类之间共通，那么它至少应该给予畜牲一种权利，即在对人类毫无益处的情况下，人类不应当虐待畜牲。
这个研究主要是关于最初的人类，关于他们的真正需求及他们义务中的主要原则。人们在探讨道德不平等这一政治主体的真正基础的起源，以及这一政治主体中成员相互间的义务，还有成千上万其他相似问题时会遇到重重困难，为了消除这些困难，这个研究是唯一好的途径。所有这些问题都是至关重要而又有待阐明的。
当我们以一种平静、公正的眼光看待人类社会时，一开始它似乎只展现出了强者的暴力和对弱者的压迫。一些人精神反抗所遭受的严酷，让人们对另一些人的盲目感到惋惜。由于在人类中，没有任何东西比由偶然而不是智慧产生的外部关系来得更加不稳定，因此，乍一看，人类的组成似乎是建立在一片片移动的沙子的基础之上的。我们称这个外部关系为强或弱，富裕或贫穷。
只有当近一步观察，剥去围绕在建筑物周围的沙尘时，我们才能够瞥见这幢建筑物不可动摇的根基，才能够学会尊重它的基础。然而，如果没有对人类、人类的自然禀赋以及他的持续发展的深入研究，我们永远无法做出这些区分，永远无法在事物的现有组成中将神意的东西与人类艺术产生的东西分离开来。我研究的这一重要问题引发的所有其他政治和道德研究对我的研究都非常有帮助，我所推测的政体历史对于人类而言绝对是具有启发意义的一课。
当我们考虑到，如果任由我们自然发展，我们将会成为什么样子，我们就应该学会感激这个人：早在他用乐善好施之手改正我们的制度，并给予这一制度不可动摇的基础时，他便已经预测到了现行制度可能导致的骚乱，并用一些看起来似乎使我们遭遇无限苦难的方式，却幸福常与我们同在。
神让你做什么样的人？
现在，你在人类中占据什么样的位置？
对此，你应该有所思考。
……

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