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Jingdong book

中国历史的经验与教训

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中国历史的经验与教训

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★见微知著:中国历史纵横数千年,包罗万象,讲述古代历史的鸿篇巨著往往流于空洞。本书从微观着眼,选取若干经典案例深入解读,以小见大,触类旁通。

★启迪智慧:“太阳底下没有新鲜事”,历史不会重来,但历史的悲喜剧每天都在重演。洞悉世道人心,学会趋利避害,历史是我们的借鉴。

★客观专业:作者在相关领域深耕近二十年,学涉中西,功底扎实。本书以丰富的史料,专业的眼光,冷静的态度,挖掘深藏在现象背后的客观规律,专业可信。

★兼具温度:在历史事件中体现鲜活的人物、戏剧性的故事,写尽人性纠葛,为逝去的过往涂上了一层温暖的色彩。文笔生动可感,触及人心。


Content Description

中国历史内涵丰富、博大精深,蕴藏着甚深的智慧,但历史现象纷繁复杂,普通读者很难把握全貌。本书选取了若干经典的历史案例,既有横向的事件解读,又有纵向的制度剖析,横纵结合,像一张疏密有致的网络,将中国古代历史的精华渐次呈现。借助作者宏阔的视野和敏锐的观察,我们便能洞悉历史真相,以史为鉴,烛照当下。

Author Description

张程:青年学者,职业编辑,业余作家,毕业于北京大学,研读政治学、外交学。写作兴趣集中在中国政治制度史和社会变迁,出版有《泛权力》《衙门口》《制度与人情》等图书。曾在多所院校任兼职教师,中央电视台《法律讲堂》栏目主讲人之一。

Catalogue

士人春秋:管仲的舞台

从一个敌人到他的宰相/ 002

非常之识,用非常手段/ 003

朝秦暮楚,飞黄腾达/ 005

一个有西周遗风的人/ 008

为一位农夫点燃一百根火烛/ 009

扩展思考:君臣相得/ 012


河阴之变:大屠杀是如何酿成的

原本可以和平收场/ 014

任何惨案都是有原因的/ 017

血债一定是要还的/ 020

扩展思考:宫廷政变/ 023


真假梁武帝:无能庸劣还是战略失误

梁武帝的三宗罪/ 026

梁武帝有真才实学/ 029

问题出在基本国策上/ 030

扩展思考:皇帝很难/ 032


岳飞之死:君国困境与能臣的悲剧

和谈如同踩高跷/ 035

皇帝的心病/ 038

岳飞必须死/ 042

扩展思考:家国轻重/ 046


绍熙内禅:孝治语境下的皇帝不孝风波

见不见太上皇,这是个大问题/ 049

太上皇尸骨难安/ 052

唯一的方法:换皇帝/ 055

扩展思考:孝治天下/ 058


步步惊心:康熙的意愿和雍正继位之谜

遗诏都不是原创的/ 060

皇帝的意愿并不重要/ 062

九兄弟同室操戈/ 065

扩展思考:夺嗣之争/ 067


反腐困境:乾隆的“腐败福利”和“反腐工具”

乾隆的反腐组合拳/ 071

制度逼良为娼/ 074

腐败的根源在专制/ 078

当反腐沦为权力工具/ 081

扩展思考:反腐难题/ 083


天津教案:曾国藩的挫败

天津教案是怎么回事/ 086

曾国藩的忍耐与务实/ 089

不可能的任务/ 091

被抛弃、被唾弃的曾国藩/ 093

扩展思考:近代教案/ 096


祸自内生:清王朝覆灭的三大内因

晚清官僚的“殉节”/ 098

被荒废的八旗子弟/ 104

既得利益者的自私改革/ 111

扩展思考:王朝覆灭/ 115


地缘政治:地理上的中国历史规律

条条块块的中国/ 118

中国历史发展的地缘政治规律/ 122

用三国历史来验证地理规律/ 124

扩展思考:地缘利弊/ 127


官的玄机:古代官衔的明暗内容

官字最难懂/ 130

与等级有关的“品”/ 135

爵位是靠不住的/ 138

待遇很重要/ 142

扩展思考:官僚制度/ 145


公产私财:说说古代的国有经济

从“井田制”到“经济统制”/ 148

唐代的国有经济/ 150

洋务企业像衙门/ 153

扩展思考:国强民富/ 157


千年科举:铁打的考试,流水的官

从世袭到考试,这是大进步/ 160

科举考试的六个层次/ 164

科举考试的苦与累/ 167

一考定终身,悲喜两重天/ 171

科举制度三宗罪/ 175

扩展思考:科举选择/ 180


卫青家族:一个草根家族的崛起与覆灭

家奴的崛起/ 182

战场是卫青、霍去病的舞台/ 185

功高震主,卫青避祸/ 187

捧霍去病压卫青/ 190

受株连满门抄斩/ 194

血腥故事不断重演/ 197

扩展思考:权力家族/ 199


琅琊王氏:从政坛向书坛的退却

第一代:王导迈过的三道坎/ 202

第二代:与政治保持距离的王羲之/ 205

第二代:勉立朝堂的王彪之/ 208

三代之后:兴趣在别处/ 210

豪门士族的末日/ 212

扩展思考:士族门阀/ 214


万国来朝:朝贡体系的虚荣与务实

朝贡原来是这样/ 216

礼节虽繁,必不可少/ 219

朝贡是桩“大买卖”/ 224

朝贡贸易利人利己/ 228

扩展思考:朝贡幕后/ 230


天朝崩溃:近代中国的开放与沉沦

朝贡久了,体系病了/ 234

澳门是葡萄牙人的楔子/ 237

鸦片战争的爆发/ 241

磕磕绊绊走向新世界/ 245

扩展思考:近代之殇/ 248


乱世军阀:他们谋权势也谋国是

他们最初是什么样/ 250

军阀们的奋斗/ 252

北洋系统的分化/ 255

军阀“敛财有道”/ 258

扩展思考:军阀异同/ 260


参考文献举要/ 261

后记/ 263

Book Abstract

被抛弃、被唾弃的曾国藩
曾国藩已经决定牺牲百姓,来满足列强的要求了。他的内心经过了一番纠结和斗争:“吾辈身在局中,岂真愿酷虐吾民以快敌人之欲?徒以边衅一开则兵祸联结,累岁穷年而未有已。”他没有被狂热情绪所左右,依然冷静地做出务实的选择。
1870年7月25日,曾国藩的《查明天津教案大概情形折》送抵北京。
在奏折中,曾国藩虽然将板子打在了天津百姓身上,但同时提出了五个“质疑点”,详细解释了谣言越传越盛、天津绅民“积疑生愤”的原因。他从中西方文化差异的角度为天津官民辩护。比如,曾国藩指出西式建筑均设有地窖,这些地窖和中国人的地窖并无区别,但因为不是本地匠人建造,以讹传讹,天津绅民最后相信“地窖深邃,各幼孩幽闭其中”。又比如,曾国藩提到天主教的施洗仪式。教民死后,神父“以水沃其额而封其目,谓可升天堂也”。习惯用哭丧来表达悲伤的中国人对此无法理解,并且觉得洋人诡异、鬼祟。
应该说《查明天津教案大概情形折》大致是公允、客观的,然而,慈禧太后看了奏折后,表示“此事如何措置,我等不得主意”,下令将奏折公开发布。发布之时,慈禧故意删除了曾国藩为天津官民辩护的五点意见,导致整个奏章都在将责任推给天津百姓。奏折一公布,原本对曾国藩寄予厚望的舆论迅速转向,“卖国”“投降”“卑躬屈膝”等骂声劈头盖脸地向曾国藩扑去。
可见,慈禧并非“不得主意”,而是极富心机。她急令曾国藩去天津查办,将曾国藩推到台前,既为了解决棘手难题,又可让他替自己和朝廷承担所有的压力和指责,借此打击声望正隆的曾国藩和异军突起的湘军势力,可谓一箭双雕。慈禧轻轻地删除几段话,就把曾国藩钉在了“卖国”的耻辱柱上,洗刷了自己卖国的嫌疑,反衬出自己的“公正”与“爱国”来。至于之前催逼曾国藩查办天津官民的朝廷衮衮诸公,如今都三缄其口,任由曾国藩一个人陷入旋涡之中。曾国藩被身后的朝廷抛弃了!
曾国藩有口难言,无法自辩。他又不能说朝廷公布的奏折篡改了自己的意思,只好再一次“打碎牙齿和血吞”。亲友和幕僚则纷纷劝告曾国藩转换态度,讨好舆论。毕竟最终的处理结果还没有敲定,曾国藩还有奋力逃出旋涡自救的机会。曾国藩沉默了。
九月,曾国藩还是奏报清廷,定首批“要犯”三十二人,其中十五人正法,十七人流徙;十月又将九名“要犯”上奏,其中正法五人,四人充军。曾国藩根据“一命抵一命”的原则法则,拿二十条中国人命给被杀的二十名法国人一个“交代”。朝野直斥此举荒谬。行刑之时,百姓万人围观,为就义之人壮行。市民高呼就义者“好汉”,“好汉”们也引吭高歌。屠刀一落下,举国哗然,可同时也堵塞了法国人的嘴。暗地里,曾国藩又派人一一抚恤死者家属。地方官员张光藻、刘杰二人被革职发往黑龙江充军,曾国藩就写信给盛京将军、吉林将军,请求沿途予以照料;又写信给黑龙江将军,托付加意优待。此外,曾国藩还筹银一万余两,作为二人赎罪之费。
曾国藩自然料到自己忤逆民意大开杀戒,必将得罪舆论。但是他横下一条心,“但令大局不致从此决裂,即为厚幸;一身丛毁,实由智浅不能两全,亦遂不复置辩”。但是他没有料到,自己从此由道德圣人沦为举国口诛笔伐的对象。“诟詈之声大作,卖国贼之徽号竟加于国藩。京师湖南同乡尤引为乡人之大耻”,虎坊桥长郡会馆中悬挂的曾国藩“官爵匾额”被人击毁。湘籍士大夫集会,一致决定将曾国藩名籍削去,不承认他是湖南同乡。一个举子撰写了对联,刻薄挖苦曾国藩:“杀贼功高,百战余生真福将;和戎罪大,早死三年是完人。”湘军出身的王闿运对曾国藩也不理解,写信给曾国藩说:“国体不可亏,民心不可失,先皇帝之仇不可忘,而吾中堂之威望不可挫!宗社之奠安,皇图之巩固,华夷之畏服,臣民之欢感,在此一举矣。……倘中堂不能保昔日之威,立今日之谋,何以报大恩于先皇,何以辅翼皇上,何以表率乎臣工,何以惩乎天下后进之人!”在王闿运看来,曾国藩辜负皇恩与百姓,简直就是个士林败类、朝堂奸臣。
可是,激怒的同胞们似乎忘记了所有的措施都是经过朝廷“恩准”的。除了曾国藩这些无奈又严酷的措施,旁人身处他的位置又会如何作为呢?
曾国藩遭到了全国上下的唾弃,顷刻间从政治巅峰迅速滑落。他的身体状况也更加糟糕,晕眩加重,每日有精力的时间越来越短。可是他还不能休息。天津教案尚未完全料清,朝廷又急令曾国藩调任两江总督。原来,前任两江总督马新贻被刺身亡。这被普遍认为是一起政治谋杀,两江地区出现动乱征兆。慈禧太后又要曾国藩去当救火队员,把他推入满布荆棘的前台……
曾国藩在两江总督任上极少对外交涉,也极少发表见解,每天除了养病,就是翻阅经书和史书。两年后(1872年),曾国藩死在了任上。
时间往往是消除误解最好的工具。三十多年后,无论是中国人还是外国人都慢慢学会了如何理性相处。新一代的中国人意识到了西方文化和观念对中国发展的推动作用,付出一次次昂贵的“学费”后了解了“弱国更要讲外交”;而西方列强也认识到在中国简单粗暴地行事只能激化中外矛盾,有百害而无一利。进入二十世纪后,西方列强政府明令禁止本国传教士在中国“包揽词讼”,要求在华侨民自律。法国政府则宣布放弃对在华天主教堂的保护权。在华教会势力深入中国村社,注意缓和与中国人的矛盾,教案在中国也越来越少。
……

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Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

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About the brand

Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book